1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13431:2004 Packaging Requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of energy recovery, including specification of minimum inferior calorific value The European Standard EN 13431:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.030.99; 55.020 BS EN 13431:2004 This British
2、Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3 August 2004 BSI 3 August 2004 ISBN 0 580 44191 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13431:2004. It supersedes BS EN 13431:2000 which is withdrawn. The UK
3、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement inte
4、rnational or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not pur
5、port to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committ
6、ee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 17
7、and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13431 July 2004 ICS 13.030.99; 55.020 Supersedes EN 13431:2000 English ve
8、rsion Packaging - Requirements for packaging recoverable in the form of energy recovery, including specification of minimum inferior calorific value Emballage - Exigences relatives aux emballages valorisables nergtiquement, incluant la spcification dune valeur calorifique infrieur minimale Verpackun
9、g - Anforderungen an Verpackungen fr die energetische Verwertung, einschlielich Spezifikation eines Mindestheizwertes This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 May 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eur
10、opean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Englis
11、h, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czec
12、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NO
13、RMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13431:2004: EEN 13431:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope
14、 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Specification of Minimum Inferior Calorific Value (Minimum Net Calorific Value) .6 5 Requirements.6 6 Procedures .7 Annex A (normative) Determination of Calorific Gain and specification of the theoretical minimum inferior calorific value (mini
15、mum net calorific value) 8 Annex B (informative) Derivation of a minimum inferior calorific value (minimum net calorific value) for packaging to allow optimisation of energy recovery in a real industrial system .10 Annex C (informative) Substances and materials liable to have a negative influence on
16、 the energy recovery process and materials, combinations of materials or design of packaging liable to create problems during energy recovery14 Annex D (informative) Example of format for the statement of compliance with this document .15 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Sta
17、ndard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/62/EC 16 Bibliography 17 EN 13431:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13431:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of
18、a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005. This document supersedes EN 13431:2000. This document has been prepared under two mandates given to C
19、EN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports the essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This document forms one of a series of standards and reports
20、 prepared under mandates M 200 rev.3 and M/317 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to support the European Council and Parliament Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste 94/62/EC. The procedure for applying this document in conjunction with the other ma
21、ndated standards and reports, is specified in EN 13427. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germ
22、any, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13431:2004 (E) 4 Introduction The Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) defines requiremen
23、ts for packaging to be considered recoverable. This document amplifies these requirements with respect to energy recovery. The European Standard EN 13427 provides a framework within which this and four other standards may be used together to support a claim that a packaging is in compliance with the
24、 essential requirements for packaging to be placed on the market as required by the Directive. NOTE The Directive 94/62/EC is amended by European Parliament and Council Directive 2004/12/EC of 11 February 2004. The purpose of packaging is the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentat
25、ion of products. Energy recovery of used packaging is one of several recovery options within the overall life cycle of packaging. In order to save resources and minimise waste, the whole system in which the packaging takes part should be optimised. This includes prevention as well as reuse and recov
26、ery of packaging waste. This document presents a framework for assessment to determine whether the requirements of this document have been met. Its approach is similar to that of systems standards such as the EN ISO 9000 series or an environmental management system such as EN ISO 14001. Since packag
27、ing waste used for energy recovery substitutes for other fuels, total system optimisation includes production of heat and/or power. This document defines and specifies the thermodynamic requirements for packaging to allow the incineration with energy recovery of packaging waste, but does not conside
28、r the transformation and use of the produced energy. Both packaging and recovery technologies are subject to continuous improvement. Annex A derives the theoretical concept of calorific gain. Annexes B and C set out supporting regulations as well as conclusions reached during the preparation of the
29、text. It is assumed that the heat generated during the incineration process shall be recovered as far as practicable, but it is outside the Scope of this document to take any standpoint on plant efficiency. Requirements for substances and materials liable to have a negative influence on the energy r
30、ecovery process are specified in EN 13428. According to the discussion in Annex C, there is no need for further requirements. Materials, combinations of materials or design of packaging liable to create problems during energy recovery are discussed in Annex C. It is concluded that packaging design a
31、nd combination of materials do not create problems for the energy recovery process. Annex D is an aid to prove compliance with the requirements. EN 13431:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies the requirements for a packaging to be classified as recoverable in the form of energy and sets out pro
32、cedures for assessment of conformity with those requirements. The scope is limited to factors under the control of the supplier. This document cannot by itself provide presumption of conformity. The procedure for applying this document is contained in EN 13427. 2 Normative references The following r
33、eferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13193, Packaging - Packaging and the Environment - Terminolog
34、y. EN 13427, Packaging - Requirements for the use of European Standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste. EN 13428, Packaging Requirements specific to manufacturing and composition - Prevention by source reduction. CR 13695-1, Packaging - Requirements for measuring and verifying the fou
35、r heavy metals and other dangerous substances present in packaging, and their release into the environment - Part 1: Requirements for measuring and verifying the four heavy metals present in packaging. CEN/TR 13695-2, Packaging - Requirements for measuring and verifying the four heavy metals and oth
36、er dangerous substances present in packaging, and their release into the environment - Part 2: Requirements for measuring and verifying dangerous substances present in packaging, and their release into the environment. EN 14182, Packaging - Terminology - Basic terms and definitions. ISO 1171, Solid
37、mineral fuels - Determination of ash. ISO 1928, Solid mineral fuels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method, and calculation of net calorific value. Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste. Directive 2000/76/EC repeals Directive 94/67/EC from December 28, 2
38、005 also for old plants. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13193, EN 13427, EN 14182 and the following apply. 3.1 inferior calorific value (net calorific value), q netinferior calorific value is a term used in Mandate M 200 rev.3 for the
39、 net calorific value, which is defined in ISO 1928 and measured at constant volume 3.2 required energy, H aenergy necessary to adiabatically heat the post combustion substances of a material and excess air from ambient temperature to a specified final temperature EN 13431:2004 (E) 6 3.3 calorific ga
40、in positive difference between the energy released on combustion of a material and H a3.4 theoretical minimum inferior calorific value (theoretical minimum net calorific value), q net, min,theor.fraction of the energy released on combustion sufficient to adiabatically heat the post-combustion substa
41、nces of a material or product and excess air from a specified ambient temperature to a specified final temperature 3.5 available thermal energy fraction of the energy released on combustion in a real industrial system which is transferred for example to the steam cycle of a boiler, i.e. the total re
42、leased energy minus the thermal losses 3.6 combustion oxidation reaction covering both combustion of organic materials and oxidation of metals 3.7 packaging component part of packaging that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means (from EN 13193) 3.8 packaging constituent part from
43、 which packaging or its components are made and which cannot be separated by hand or by using simple physical means (from EN 13193) 4 Specification of Minimum Inferior Calorific Value (Minimum Net Calorific Value) The theoretical minimum inferior calorific value (theoretical minimum net calorific va
44、lue), q net,min,theor . , is material specific. It depends on the temperature and other conditions required by the combustion process. In this document it is identified as H aand may be determined by the method described in Annex A. This Annex specifies the theoretical minimum inferior calorific val
45、ue (minimum net calorific value) through the technical concept of calorific gain. The real minimum inferior calorific value (real minimum net calorific value), q net,min,real , is set to allow optimisation of energy recovery in a real industrial system and is defined in Annex B. 5 Requirements To al
46、low optimisation of energy recovery in a real industrial system, the theoretical calorific gain should be well above zero. To claim energy recovery q netshall be equal to or greater than 5 MJ/kg. NOTE 1 Packaging composed of more than 50 % (by weight) of organic content, e.g. wood, cardboard, paper
47、and other organic fibres, starch, plastics, provides calorific gain and meets the requirement of q netequal to or greater than 5 MJ/kg. NOTE 2 A packaging consisting of more than 50 % by weight of inorganic constituents, e.g. inorganic fillers and layers, is recoverable in the form of energy, provid
48、ed q netis equal to or greater than 5 MJ/kg. NOTE 3 Thin gauge aluminium (typically up to 50 m thick) contributes to q netof the packaging and is deemed to be energy recoverable. Aluminium over 50 m is deemed to be not combustible. NOTE 4 A packaging consisting of more than 50 % by weight of inorgan
49、ic components, e.g. glass or rigid metal containers with a plastic closure, is deemed to be not energy recoverable. EN 13431:2004 (E) 7 6 Procedures 6.1 Application The application of this document to any particular packaging shall be as specified in EN 13427. 6.2 Assessment Packaging may be assessed for recoverability in the form of energy by calculation from data given in Annex B or use of the methodology in Annex A. 6.3 Claims of conformity The supplier shall prepare a written statement of
