1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13655:2002 Plastics Mulching thermoplastic films for use in agriculture and horticulture The European Standard EN 13655:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.140.10 BS EN 13655:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and
2、 Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2002 BSI 31 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40663 6 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13655:2002. The UK partic
3、ipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/75, Plastic films and sheets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international o
4、r European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to inc
5、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enqu
6、iries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside
7、back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN13655 October2002 ICS83.140.10 Englishversion PlasticsMulchingthermop
8、lasticfilmsforuseinagricultureand horticulture PlastiquesFilmsthermoplastiquesdepaillagepour utilisationenagricultureethorticulture KunststoffeThermoplastischeMulchfolienfrdenEinsatz inderLandwirtschaftundimGartenbau ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon21October2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywith
9、theCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandarde
10、xistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark
11、,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofe
12、xploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN13655:2002EEN13655:2002(E) 2 Content FOREWORD3 1 SCOPE 4 2 NORMATIVEREFERENCES .4 3 TERMSANDDEFINITIONS. 4 4 PLASTICSMATERIALS .5 5 TYPESANDUSE. 5 6 DURATION 6 7 REQUIREMENTSOFTHEMULCHINGFILMS 7 8 TESTMETHOD . .7 8.1
13、APPEARANCE 7 8.2 THICKNESS7 8.3 WIDTH 7 8.4 DETERMINATIONOFTENSILEPROPERTIES .7 8.5 DETERMINATIONOFIMPACTRESISTANCE .7 8.6 TOTALLIGHTTRANSMISSION (TRANSPARENTANDDIFFUSINGFILM ).7 8.7 IR EFFECTIVENESS ( IR ).7 8.7.1 Principle .7 8.7.2 Apparatus .8 8.7.3 Procedure .8 8.7.4 Settingouttheresults . 8 8.8
14、 RESISTANCETOARTIFICIALWEATHERING .9 8.8.1 Principle .9 8.8.2 Apparatus .9 8.8.3 Testconditions. .9 8.8.4 Procedure .9 8.8.5 Results 9 9 DESIGNATION .9 10 MARKING. 10 ANNEXA (NORMATIVE)MEASUREOFTHERELATIVELIGHTTRANSMISSION .16EN13655:2002(E) 3 FOREWORD Thisdocument(EN13655:2002)hasbeenpreparedby .Te
15、chnicalCommittee CEN/TC249, “Plastics“ the secretariatofwhichisheldbyIBN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyApril2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestby April2003. AccordingtotheCEN
16、/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisdocument:Austria,Belgium,theCzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom
17、.EN13655:2002(E) 4 1 Scope Thisstandardisapplicabletotransparentfilms,transparentclearanddiffusingfilms(thermic)andblackor black/whitefilmsbasedonpolyethyleneanditscopolymers,whicharedesignedtobeusedformulchingthe vegetable,fruitandflowercrops. Thisstandardisintendedtoestablishthebasicrequirementsfo
18、rtheopticalandmechanicalcharacteristicsof varioustypesoffilm. Fromadetailedconsiderationofthedifferentmulchingplasticsfilmsusedinagricultureandhorticultureinthe Europeanmarket,differenttypesoffilmareconsidered: transparentfilms(normal) transparentclearanddiffusingfilms(thermic) blackandblack/whitefi
19、lms Therangeofthicknessesconsideredisfrom10 mupto250 m. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreferences,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriatedplacesinthetextandpublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordated referencessubsequentame
20、ndmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandard onlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublication referredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN21555,AerospaceseriesTestmethodsfortransparentmaterialsforaircraftglazingPart.5:Determi
21、nation ofvisiblelighttransmission ENISO5271,PlasticsDeterminationoftensilepropertiesPart1:Generalprinciples (ISO5271:1993 includingcorr.1:1994) ENISO5273,PlasticsDeterminationoftensilepropertiesPart3:Testconditionsforfilmsandsheets(ISO527 3:1995) ENISO48922,PlasticsMethodofexposuretolaboratorylights
22、ourcesPart2:Xenon arcsources ISO4591,PlasticsFilmandsheetingDeterminationofaveragethicknessofasampleandaveragethickness andyieldofarollbygravimetrictechniques(gravimetricthickness) ISO4592,PlasticsFilmandsheetingDeterminationoflengthandwidth ISO4593,PlasticsFilmandsheetingDeterminationofthicknessbym
23、echanicalscanning ISO77651,PlasticsfilmandsheetingDeterminationofimpactresistancebythefreefallingdartmethodPart1: Staircasemethod 3 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurposesofthisstandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply: 3.1 width totalwidthofthefilmwhenlaidflat,giveninmillimetres.EN13655:2002(E) 5 3.
24、2 nominalwidth widthdeclaredbythemanufacturerinmillimeters. 3.3 thickness giveninmicrometer. 3.4 nominalthickness thicknessdeclaredbythemanufacturerinmicrometers. 3.5 lengthoftheroll largestdimensionoftherollinmm. 3.6 longitudinaldirectionoftheroll(MD) directionparalleltothelengthoftherollcorrespond
25、ingtotheextrusiondirection. 3.7 transversedirectionoftheroll(TD) directionparalleltothewidth(atrightanglestothelength). 4 Plasticsmaterials Mulchingfilmsareusuallymanufacturedfrom: lowdensitypolyethylene(PELD),linearlowdensitypolyethylene(PELLD) ethylenevinylacetatecopolymers(E/VAC) ethylenebutylacr
26、ylatecopolymers blendsoftheabovementionedpolymersandcopolymers 5 Typesanduse ThedifferenttypesofmulchingfilmsandtheiropticalcharacteristicsanduseareshowninTable1 .EN13655:2002(E) 6 Table1:Characteristicsanduseofmulchingfilms Type Characteristics Use Normal Mediumtransparency WhennormalIReffectivenes
27、sis requested Noinfluenceonweedsgrowth Thermicclear Hightransparency WhenhighIReffectivenessis requested Noinfluenceonweedsgrowth Thermicdiffusing Diffusinglight WhenhighIReffectivenessand diffusinglightisrequested Noinfluenceonweedsgrowth Blackorblack/white Verylowlighttransmission Preventsweedsgro
28、wth 6D u r a t i o n Thedurationofamulchingfilmisdeclaredbythemanufacturerandisdeterminedbytestingthedecreaseofthe tensilestrainatbreakafterartificialweathering(see9.8).ThefilmisclassifiedasclassNorA(seeTable2), dependingonthetimerequiredtoreducethevalueofitstensilestrainatbreaktothe50%oftheinitialv
29、alue. Table2MulchingfilmsClassificationonthebasisoftheduration Class Duration(hours) N 400 A 1700EN13655:2002(E) 7 7 Requirementsofthemulchingfilms Table3,4and5indicatetherequirementsofnormal,thermicanddiffusing,blackandblack/whitefilms respectively. 8 Testmethod 8.1 Appearance Thismethodiscarriedou
30、tasfollows:firstchecktherollswinding.Thefreeedgesoftherollmustbesealedwith adhesivetapeorbysomeothersimilarmeans,inordertopreventitsunwinding.Thencheckifithasbeenwrapped ontotherollproperly.Theedgesshouldbeproperlyinlineandthereshouldbesufficienttensiontopreventthe variouslayersoftherollfromtransver
31、salslippingwhileitisbeinghandled(thisshouldbedonehorizontally).Then unrollatleast2moffilmofftherollandexamineitagainstthelight,holdingittightatarmslengthinordertocheck itsopticalaspects.Thefilmshalllookhomogeneousandfreefromvisibledefectswhichmayaffectitsfunctionality. 8.2 Thickness Thethicknessofth
32、esinglepointsofthefilmshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO4593andaverage thicknessshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO4591. 8.3 Width ThewidthofthefilmshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO4592 . 8.4 Determinationoftensileproperties ThetensilepropertiesshallbedeterminedaccordingtoENISO5273usingatestsp
33、ecimentype210mmwidth withatestspeedof500mm/min.TestprocedureshallrefertoENISO5271. 8.5 Determinationofimpactresistance Thedeterminationofimpactresistance(Dartdroptest)shallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO77651method A. NoteFilmswhicharewiderthan2000mmareusuallywoundonareelandfoldedlengthwiseatleast o
34、nce.Thesefoldsareretainedevenwhenthefilmislaidoutflat,andthismayaffecttestresults. Therefore,adistinctionmustbemadebetweenthesamplesheetstakenfromthefolds(“fold“area)and samplesheetsfromareaswhichhavenotbeenfolded(“flat“area). 8.6 Totallighttransmission(transparentanddiffusingfilm) Thetotallighttran
35、smissionisdeterminedinaccordancewithEN21555onfivespecimenscutfromthemulching film. 8.7 IReffectiveness( ir ) TheIReffectiveness ir isthepercentageofthetotallighttransittancewithinwavenumbersrangingfrom1470cm 1 and770cm 1 8.7.1 Principle ThemethodconsistsofmeasuringtheIRtransmissionspectrumofthermicf
36、ilmwithinwavenumbersrangingfrom 1430cm 1 to770cm 1 (between7 mand13 mwavelengths).EN13655:2002(E) 8 Thisrangeofwavelengthscorrespondstothefieldofmaximumemissionoftheenergyirradiatedbytheearths surface. 8.7.2 Apparatus Infraredspectrophotometerallowingtomeasureandrecordcontinuouslytransmittancebetwee
37、n1500and700cm 1 .Analyticalbalancewitha0,1mgmarginoferrororplanimeter. 8.7.3 Procedure Themeasurementisdoneon5specimenstakenfromthefilmundertest.Puteachspecimentobecheckedonthe specimenholderofthespectrophotometerandrecordthespectrumoftransmissionfrom1500cm 1 to700cm 1 . Measuretheareabetween100%tra
38、nsmittanceandthecurveofthespectrumusingtheinstrumentssoftwareor withthehelpofaplanimeter. Alsothefollowingweighingmethodcanbeused. Cutasheetbearingthetraceofthespectrum(oracopyofit)at1430cm 1 and770cm 1 andalongthelinesof 0%and100%transmittance.Weighthisrectangletoanaccuracyof0,1mg.Thismassshallbest
39、atedasP 100 . Thencutalongtheoutlineofthespectrumandweighthepartrepresentingthetransmission. ThissecondmassshallbestatedasPt. 8.7.4 Settingouttheresults Accordingtothe“planimetermethod“thepercentageofthemeasuredareaofthespectruminrespecttothetotal areaisthevalueoftheIReffectiveness. Accordingtothewe
40、ighingmethod,theIReffectiveness( ir )intherangeofwavelengthsbetween7 mto13 m isgivenbytheratio: P 100 P t ir= _x100 P 100 AlternativelytheIReffectivenesscanbecalculatedbytheinstrumentssoftware.EN13655:2002(E) 9 8.8 Resistancetoartificialweathering 8.8.1 Principle Thismeasurementinvolvesdeterminingth
41、evariationoftensilestrainatbreakofthefilmafterexposuretoaXenon arclightsourcethatsimulatestherelativespectralirradianceofsolarlightinaccordancewithISO48922orwith othercorrelatedmethods. Dependingonresistancetotheartificialweatheringthemulchingfilmsareclassifiedin2categories(seetable2). Asampleofthef
42、ilmisirradiatedaccordingto9.8.3forthetimecorrespondingtothespecifiedclass(seetable2). Afterirradiationthetensilestrainisdeterminedonfiverectangularspecimens,takenlongitudinally(MD),10mm wideand150mmlong,accordingtoENISO5273. 8.8.2 Apparatus TheapparatusisdescribedinISO48922.ItconsistsofXenonarcsourc
43、ewithadoubleborosilicatefilterfor simulatingthedirectsunlight. Othertestmethodsandtestconditionsmaybeusedtocheckthefilmclassification(asreportedintable2),only whenitcanbeshownthatthereisacorrelationwiththetestandthemethodISO48922. ThismaybeusefulwhentheISOmethodtestneedstimeswhicharetoolongsforroutinetesting. 8.8.3 Testconditions Theirradianceatthewavelengthof340nmisfixedat0,35W/mnm.Inthisconditiontheirradianceinthe visible
