1、BS EN1367-4:2008ICS 91.100.15NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDTests for thermal andweathering propertiesof aggregatesPart 4: Determination of dryingshrinkageThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strate
2、gy Committee on 30 June2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 58932 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 1367-4:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1367-4:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1367-4:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prep
3、aration was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/502/6, Test methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application
4、. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 1367-4:2008EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1367-4March 2008ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 1367-4:1998 English VersionTests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part4: Determination
5、 of drying shrinkageEssais pour dterminer les proprits thermiques etlaltrabilit des granulats - Partie 4: Determination duretrait au schagePrfverfahren fr thermische Eigenschaften undVerwitterungsbestndigkeit von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 4:Bestimmung der TrockenschwindungThis European Standard was ap
6、proved by CEN on 4 February 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationa
7、lstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifi
8、ed to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
9、Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitatio
10、n in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1367-4:2008: EBS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle5 5 Sampling.5 6 Apparatus .5 7 Materials .6 8 Preparation of tes
11、t subsamples 6 9 Preparation of test prisms .7 10 Procedure .10 11 Calculation and expression of results 10 12 Test report 11 Annex A (informative) Conditions of larger aggregate size .12 Annex B (informative) Precision 13 Bibliography 14 BS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document
12、(EN 1367-4:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conf
13、licting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This do
14、cument supersedes EN 1367-4:1998. Testing in accordance with this standard is intended to provide information to assist in judging the performance of aggregates subject to weathering action. This standard is intended to identify aggregates with high moisture sensitivity which in concrete may cause e
15、xcessive cracking, deflection and loss of durability. This test may not be suitable for lightweight aggregates. This European Standard is one of a series of tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates as listed below. EN 1367-1, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates
16、 - Part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing EN 1367-2, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 2: Magnesium sulfate test EN 1367-3, Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 3: Boiling test for “Sonnenbrand basalt“ EN 1367-5, Tests f
17、or thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 5: Determination of resistance to thermal shock Test methods for other properties of aggregates will be covered by Parts of the following European Standards: EN 932, Tests for general properties of aggregates EN 933, Tests for geometrical pro
18、perties of aggregates EN 1097, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates EN 13179, Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of t
19、he following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak
20、ia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard describes the reference method used for type testing and in cases of dispute, for determining the effect of aggregates on the drying shrinkage of concrete. For other purposes,
21、 in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. This standard is based on the testing of concretes of fixed mix proportions and aggregates of 20 mm maximum size. NOTE 1 Guidance on the u
22、se of larger size is given in Annex A. Precision data is not available for variations in size and for variations in the water content of the test concrete. NOTE 2 In those cases where the drying shrinkage of a source of coarse aggregate only or a source of fine aggregate (sand) only are required, th
23、e other component to be used should be, respectively, a fine or coarse aggregate of known low shrinkage. NOTE 3 Aggregates with high water demand and/or porosity may in a concrete with a fixed water content result in a mix with insufficient workability to allow full compaction of the test specimens.
24、 This is likely to occur with aggregates combinations having a composite water absorption value greater than 3,5% or oven-dried particle densities less than 2,45 Mg/m (e.g. for recycled aggregates). In such instances a variation of the method (without precision data) may be carried out by one of the
25、 following changes to the concrete mix: (a) use of aggregates in the saturated and surface dry condition. (b) use of water-reducing admixture. A note on the details of any modification to the mix design should be included with the test report. 2 Normative references The following referenced document
26、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1 Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for
27、common cements EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 1: Methods for sampling EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN
28、 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution - Test sieves, nominal size of apertures 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 laboratory sample sample intended for labora
29、tory testing NOTE The laboratory sample is generally the penultimate stage in a multi-stage sampling procedure. BS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 5 3.2 subsample sample obtained from sampling increments or a bulk sample by means of a sample reduction procedure 3.3 test portion sample used as a who
30、le in a single test 4 Principle The aggregate under test is mixed with cement and water and cast into prisms of specified dimensions. The prisms are subjected to wetting followed by drying at (110 5) C and the change in length from the wet to the dry state is determined. The excess drying shrinkage
31、of the concrete is attributed to the aggregate, and is expressed as the average change in length of the prisms, as a percentage of their final dry lengths. 5 Sampling The laboratory sample to be used for the test shall be taken in accordance with EN 932-1. 6 Apparatus Unless otherwise stated, all ap
32、paratus shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5. 6.1 Sample divider, of size appropriate to the maximum particle size to be handled or, alternatively, a flat shovel and a clean, hard horizontal surface, e.g. a metal tray for use in quartering. 6.2 Test sieves, conforming to EN 933-2, a
33、ppropriate to the sizes of aggregate to be tested. 6.3 Balance, of minimum capacity 5 kg and minimum accuracy of 0,1 %. 6.4 Single or gang moulds, suitable for casting three concrete prisms of dimensions (200 2) mm x (50 2) mm x (50 2) mm with 8 mm diameter stainless steel balls or hemispherical but
34、tons or recessed inserts, securely fixed to the centre of the inside faces of the 50 mm x 50 mm ends of the mould. 6.5 Vibrating table, capable of fully compacting the concrete in the moulds. 6.6 Measuring apparatus, incorporating a dial gauge with scale divisions of 0,002 mm and having a maximum er
35、ror of 0,002 mm in any half revolution. This gauge shall be rigidly mounted in a measuring frame and shall have a recessed end which can be located on 8 mm diameter stainless steel balls or hemispherical buttons or inserts cemented in the prisms (see 9.3). The other end of the frame shall have a sim
36、ilar recessed seating, which can be located upon balls in the opposite end of the prisms. A reference alloy steel rod of low thermal expansion, (205 1) mm long, with 6 mm hemispherical ends shall be used as a standard of length against which the readings of the gauge can be tested, thus enabling cor
37、rections to be made for any changes in the dimensions of the apparatus between successive measurements of the prisms. The reference rod shall be marked so that the same end can be kept uppermost during measurements. NOTE Alternative measuring devices can be used in place of the dial gauge, e.g. line
38、ar variable differential transducers, provided they are of at least equal performance and fitted with seatings compatible with the stainless steel balls or inserts as appropriate. BS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 6 6.7 Ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled and capable of maintaining temper
39、atures of (50 2) C and (110 5) C. NOTE Different ovens for each temperature range can be used. 6.8 Thermometer, capable of measuring the oven temperatures of 50 C and 110 C to a precision of 0,5 C. 6.9 Desiccators, large enough to contain three concrete prisms 200 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm containing anhyd
40、rous silica gel as the desiccant. 6.10 Trays, that are capable of being heated in the ventilated oven without damage or change in mass. 6.11 Timing device, such that the full range of timed periods can be measured to an accuracy of 1 min. 6.12 Mechanical mixer, capable of mixing all constituents tho
41、roughly within the specified time limits. NOTE Alternatively hand mixing can be used. 6.13 Flat impervious cover sheet, of suitable size, of rubber, polythene or steel. 7 Materials 7.1 Cement, conforming to type CEM 1 Class 42,5 of EN 197-1. 7.2 Water, distilled or de-ionised. 7.3 8 mm diameter stai
42、nless steel balls or hemispherical buttons or inserts (see 6.4). 8 Preparation of test subsamples 8.1 Reduce the laboratory samples of the coarse and fine aggregate (sand) by the procedure specified in EN 932-2 to produce subsamples that can be sieved after oven drying to give approximately 1 600 g
43、of 10 mm to 20 mm size fraction, 800 g of 4 mm to 10 mm size fraction and 1 300 g of 0 mm to 4 mm fine aggregate (sand). 8.2 Spread the subsamples on shallow trays and dry for at least 16 h in the oven (see 6.7) set at (50 2) C. 8.3 Reject all oversize material from the fine aggregate (sand) and all
44、 oversize and undersize material from each of the two coarse aggregate subsamples. BS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 7 9 Preparation of test prisms 9.1 Proportioning Cast three test prisms, using the amount of cement, aggregates and water required to make the three prisms as specified in Table 1.
45、Table 1 - Masses of constituents in test prisms Constituent Mass g Cement Coarse aggregate (20 mm to 4 mm) and fine aggregate (sand) Water 550 5 3 300 5 300 5 The coarse aggregate and fine aggregate (sand) shall comply with the limits specified in Table 2 and the grading curves shown in Figure 1. BS
46、 EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 8 Table 2 - Grading limits of aggregate in concrete prisms Sieve size Overall grading limits mm Lower% passing Preferred% passing Upper% passing 20 16 14 12,5 11.2 10 8 5,6 4 2 1 0,5 0,25 0,125 100 76 65 60 56 50 41 32 26 20 14 10 5 0 100 82 69 64 60 55 46 38 30 22
47、17 12 8 2 100 92 83 78 76 70 61 52 43 33 25 18 12 6 BS EN 1367-4:2008EN 1367-4:2008 (E) 9 Key X Sieve size mm A Lower limit Y Cumulative % passing B Preferred C Uper limit Figure 1 - Grading limits for aggregate in concrete prisms 9.2 Mixing and casting 9.2.1 Mix the concrete for the three prisms us
48、ing a suitable small laboratory mechanical mixer. Initially mix the cement and fine aggregate (sand) dry for 2 min minimum. Add the coarse aggregate and mix dry until the mixture is uniform. Add the water and mix for 2 min to 3 min. 9.2.2 Transfer the concrete to the moulds, single or ganged, and us
49、e a vibrating table to compact the concrete in the moulds in two approximately equal layers for sufficient time to achieve full compaction. If full compaction cannot be achieved the test shall be abandoned. 9.2.3 On completion of the compaction of the concrete, smooth the surfaces of the prism with a trowel. 9.3 Storage of prisms 9.3.1 Immediately after completion of compaction, cover the prisms with a flat impervious sheet (e.g. thin rubber, polyethylene or steel) making contact with the upper edges of the moulds. Leave the prisms
