1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13698-1:2003 Pallet production specification Part 1: Construction specification for 800 mm x 1200 mm flat wooden pallets The European Standard EN 13698-1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.180.20 BS EN 13698-1:2003 This British Standard, was published under the a
2、uthority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 July 2003 BSI 9 July 2003 ISBN 0 580 42238 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13698-1:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/5, Primary a
3、nd transport packaging, to Subcommittee PKW/5/34, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to
4、in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
5、 a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or prop
6、osals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 27 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displa
7、yed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN136981 July2003 ICS55.180.20 Englishversion PalletproductionspecificationPart1:Construction specificationfor800mmx1200mmflatwoo
8、denpallets SpcificationdeproduitpourlespalettesPartie1: Spcificationdefabricationdespalettesenbois,de dimensions800mmx1200mm ProduktspezifikationfrPalettenTeil1:Herstellungvon 800mmx1200mmFlachpalettenausHolz ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon10April2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CEN
9、ELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthr
10、eeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,F
11、rance,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN All
12、rightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN136981:2003EEN136981:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Termsanddefinitions. .5 4 Nominalandsafeworkingloads 6 5 Construction.6 6 Inspectionsandmarking. 10 A
13、nnexA (normative) Materials .11 AnnexB (informative) Woodshrinkage . .17 AnnexC (informative) Nailpattern .18 AnnexD (normative) Jointseparationtest .20 AnnexE (informative) Inspection(Qualitycontrol)22 AnnexF (normative) Preservatives .25 AnnexG (informative) Safeworkingloadsunderdifferentloadingsi
14、tuations.26 Bibliography 27EN136981:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN136981:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC261“Packaging“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatest
15、byJanuary2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byJanuary2004. AnnexesA,DandFarenormative.AnnexesB,C,EandGareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Bel
16、gium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN136981:2003(E) 4 Introduction Allgeneralpurposereusablepallets,irrespectiveofthematerialfromwhichtheyaremade,ar
17、erequiredto conformtothedimensionalrequirementsandperformancecriteriaspecifiedinthefollowingstandards: EN13382:2002 FlatpalletsformaterialshandlingPrincipaldimensions prENISO86111 PalletsformaterialshandlingPart1:Testmethodsforflatpallets (ISO/DIS86111:2000) prENISO/DIS86112 Palletsformaterialshandl
18、ingFlatpalletsPart2:Performance requirementsandselectionoftests prENISO/DIS86113 PalletsformaterialshandlingFlatpalletsPart3:Maximumworking load TestsperformedbyvariousEuropeanrailwaycompanies,andover30yearsofexperienceinthroughtransportof goods,havedemonstratedthatthedesignofpalletEuropalletconform
19、stotherelevantdimensionalrequirements andappropriatetestsspecifiedintheabovestandards.Thiscertifiesthatthequalityofthepalletissuitablefor normalpurposesasregardsthephysicalstressesinvolvedindistributionandhandling.Palletsinfullconformityto thisspecificationarethereforeexemptfromtheloadtestingprogram
20、sdescribedinthestandardsrelatingto performancelistedabove. ThisEuropeanStandardislargelybasedupon,butnotidenticalto,UICCode4352:1994 Standardofqualityfora Europeanflatpalletmadeofwoodwithfouropeningsandmeasuring800mm 1200mm .EN136981:2003(E) 5 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesthemanufacturingchar
21、acteristicsofaflatreusablewooden 800mm 1200mm,doubledeck,nonreversible,4wayentry,9blockpalletsuitablefortransport,storage, handlingorexchangeuse.Italso givessomerequirementsformanufactureandmarkingandaddressestheissue ofsafety. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedre
22、ference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forunda
23、tedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENV7171, WoodbasedpanelsDeterminationofformaldehydereleasePart1:Formaldehydeemissionbythe chambermethod EN10871, ParticleboardsDeterminationofmoistureresistancePart1:Boiltest EN1310:1997, RoundandsawntimberMethodof
24、measurementoffeatures EN12246:1999, Qualityclassificationoftimberusedinpalletsandpackaging. EN131831, MoisturecontentofapieceofsawntimberPart1:Determinationbyovendrymethod EN131832, MoisturecontentofapieceofsawntimberPart2:Estimationbyelectricalresistancemethod ENISO445:1998, Palletsformaterialshand
25、lingVocabulary(ISO445:1996) prENISO86111:2000, PalletsformaterialshandlingPart1:Testmethodsforflatpallets(ISO/DIS86111:2000) ENISO127773, MethodsoftestforpalletjointsPart3:Determinationofstrengthofpalletjoints(ISO12777 3:2002). ISO3133, WoodDeterminationofultimatestrengthinstaticbending. 3 Termsandd
26、efinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thedefinitionsgiveninENISO445:1998andthefollowingapply. 3.1 stacking placingofpalletswithunitloads,oneontheother,withoutrecoursetointermediateshelvesorracking 3.2 nominalload referenceloadcapacity,inkilograms,assumingauniformlydistributedload 3.3 safew
27、orkingload maximumloadcapacity,inkilograms,inadefinedloadingsituation 3.4 concentratedload loadconcentratedoveranareabetween30%and85%ofthepalletdeckEN136981:2003(E) 6 3.5 uniformlydistributedload loadspreadevenlyacrossthefullsurfaceofthepalletdeck 3.6 solidload single,compact,rigid,homogeneousload,c
28、overingapproximatelythecompletesurfaceofthepallet 4 Nominalandsafeworkingloads Thenominalloadofpalletsconformingtothisstandardistobeestablishedbytestsconductedunderthereviewof ISO8611:1991.AnnexGgivesgeneralinformationonsafeworkingloadsunderdifferentloadingconditions.The safeworkingloadofthepalletis
29、1500kgforauniformlydistributedload. 5Construction 5.1Materials 5.1.1Timber 5.1.1.1 Timberspecies TimberspeciesaregiveninannexA. 5.1.1.2 Timberqualitygrade ThetimberqualitygradeshallconformtoA.2. 5.1.1.3 Moisturecontent MoisturecontentshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithEN131831orEN131832. Atthetimeofde
30、liverythemoisturecontentofthecomponentpartsofthepalletsshallnotexceed22%. NOTE DimensionsatothermoisturelevelsmaybecalculatedusingthecorrectionfactorsgiveninannexB. Thereferencemoisturecontentshallbe20%. 5.1.2 Particleboard Highdensity,moistureresistantparticleboardconformingtoA.3ispermittedforskidb
31、locks. 5.1.3Fasteners PalletsshallbeassembledwithfastenersconformingtoA.4. 5.2Design and manufacture 5.2.1Component parts ComponentpartsofpalletsshallconformtoTable1andFigure1.EN136981:2003(E) 7 Table1Dimensionsandtolerancesofpalletcomponents Dimensionsat22%moisturecontent mm Part Component 1) Numbe
32、rof components Length Width 2) Thickness 2) 1 Bottomdeckleadboard 2 12003 1003 22 2 0 + 2 Topdeckleadboard 2 12003 145 5 3 + - 22 2 0 + 3 Centralbottomdeck board 1 12003 145 5 3 + - 22 2 0 + 4 Stringerboard 3 8003 145 5 3 + - 22 2 0 + 5 Centraltopdeckboard 1 12003 145 5 3 + - 22 2 0 + 6 Intermediate
33、topdeck board 2 12003 1003 22 2 0 + 7 Outerskidblock 6 145 5 3 + - 1003 78 1 0 + 8 Centreskidblock 3 145 5 3 + - 145 5 3 + - 78 1 0 + 9 Fasteners 3) 10 Fasteners 3) 11 Fasteners 3) 1) SeeFigures1,2andC.1 2) SeeAnnexB 3) SeeA.4 8 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 8 2 6 6 2 4 4 1 1 4 5 3 Key SeeTable1 Figure1800mm 1200mm
34、palletcomponentpartsEN136981:2003(E) 8 5.2.2 Boardsandblocks Boardsandblocksshallmeetthefollowingrequirements: a) Allboardsandnaturaltimberblocksshallbeofonepiece. b) Theoutersurfacesofthetopandbottomdecksshallbeunplanned. c) Thewoodfibresoftheouterskidblocksshallbeparalleltothelongitudinalaxisofthe
35、pallet. d) Skidblocksshallbeofnaturaltimberorparticleboard(see5.1.2). 5.2.3 Palletassemblyandfastenerpositions 5.2.3.1General Allfastenersshallbedriveninvertically,ataminimumof20mmfromtheedgesoftheboards,and,forparticle boardblocks,aminimumof20mmfromthecentreholeifpresent.Fastenersshallnotbeinserted
36、parallelwiththe woodgrain(whichmaysplittheboard),andshallbespacedasfarapartaspossible.Nailheadsshallnotprotrude abovethesurfaceoftheboard(thisalsoappliesafterdryingthepallet),orbesunkbelowtheboardsurfaceby morethan3mm.Fastenersshallnotpiercethesidesofblocks. Nosplitsresultingfromnailingshallbevisibl
37、eontheblocksorboardsafterassembly. NOTE ArecommendednailpatternforpalletsisgiveninannexC. 5.2.3.2 Assemblytopboardblock Foreachblock,aminimumofthreefastenersshallbeusedonboththetopandbottomsurfaces. 5.2.3.3 Assemblytopdeckboard/stringerboard Aminimumofthreefastenersshallbeusedforfixingeachintermedia
38、tetopdeckboardtoastringerboard.Thetop deckleadboard,andifnecessarythecentraldeckboard,shallbefixedtoeachstringerboardbyonefastener.Any fastenerprotrudingbelowthestringerboardshallbebentback. NOTE Astapleisconsideredtobeasinglefastener. 5.3 Generalassemblydetails Generalassemblydetailsofthepallet,inc
39、ludingdimensionsandtolerances,shallconformtoFigure2andtoTable 2.ThechamferingsectionABshallbeonallthreebottomboards. Table2GeneralassemblydetailsOveralltolerancesinmillimetres Length 12003 Width 8003 Height 144 7 0 +EN136981:2003(E) 9 Dimensionsinmillimetres Key 111 SeeTable1andTableC.2 12 Topview 1
40、3 Sideview 14 Frontview 15 Bottomview Figure2Generalassemblydetails,dimensionsandtolerancesEN136981:2003(E) 10 5.4Assembly strength 5.4.1Diagonal rigidity TestfordiagonalrigidityinaccordancewithprENISO86111:2000(TestNo10)onthreepalletswithsixcorner dropsoneachpallet(samecornerthroughout).Thedropheig
41、htshallbe1metre. Afterthetest,thepalletsshallnotbedistortedbymorethan3%oftheinitialvalue(measuredasthemean distortionforallthreepallets). 5.4.2Separation force ThejointsofthepalletshallbetestedusingthejointseparationtestinaccordancewithannexD.Thearithmetic meanoftherecordedseparationforce,andatleast
42、75%ofallrecordings,shallbeequaltoorhigherthanthe following: a) block/stringerboard/topdeckboard:5,5kN; b) block/bottomdeckboard:5,5kN; c) stringerboard/intermediatetopdeckboard:3,0kN. 6 Inspectionsandmarking Beforedelivery,palletsshallbeinspectedforquality.Forguidanceoninspection(Qualitycontrol)seeA
43、nnexE. Palletsinconformitywiththisstandardshallbemarkedontheoutersideofthecentreblockwiththenumberofthis EuropeanStandard,themarkofthecountryandofthemanufacturer. NOTE1 Palletsusedinpoolingorexchangesystemsmaybemarkedinaccordancewiththeguidelinesdefinedatthe poolingorexchangesystem. NOTE2:PalletsmanufacturedinconformitywiththisstandardmayberequiredtocomplywithNationalAuthoritymarking requirements. NOTE3:Planthealthrecommendationsareconstantlyun
