1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13798:2010Hydrometry Specification fora reference raingauge pitBS EN 13798:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13798:
2、2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 13798:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPI/113, Measuring instruments and equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not
3、purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 65159 5 ICS 07.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theSta
4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010 Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 13798:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13798 June 2010 ICS 07.060 Supersedes EN 13798:2002English Version Hydrometry - Specification for a reference raing
5、auge pit Hydromtrie - Spcification pour une fosse de rfrence dinstallation dun pluviomtre Hydrometrie - Spezifikation fr eine Grube fr Referenz-Regenmesser This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipu
6、late the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard
7、exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standar
8、ds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Uni
9、ted Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13798:2010:
10、 EBS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Design and construction of the reference raingauge pit .53 Design and construction of the grating.54 Installation of raingauges .5Bibliography . 12BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13
11、798:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 318 “Hydrometry”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting
12、national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document su
13、persedes EN 13798:2002. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, H
14、ungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 4 Introduction A raingauge pit consists of a pit, normally square in plan an
15、d of suitable depth, and a grating, normally of galvanised sheet steel or plastic. Such a pit can contain any suitable type of raingauge. The pit gauge may be used in its own right for improved measurement of rainfall, for wind effects evaluation or for comparison purposes against other reference ra
16、ingauges. BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the design of a reference raingauge pit. The reference raingauge pit is designed for the liquid precipitation only. The specified details of the pit and the grating, are purposely kept to a minimum in order to all
17、ow each raingauge operator latitude in their construction and to suit local conditions. 2 Design and construction of the reference raingauge pit Figures 1 to 6 show the design of the pit, including the required dimensions of the pit and the grating, and the method of installation of the raingauge. T
18、he specified dimensions are not critical, but shall be used whenever possible. Variations are acceptable within the indicated tolerances. The pit shall preferably be sited on level ground to avoid possible surface runoff into it during prolonged heavy rain. However, in mountainous areas, this may no
19、t be possible or desirable and adequate drainage shall be provided in such cases. The sides of the pit shall be formed of brick, concrete, corrugated iron, plastic, preserved wood or other suitable material. They shall be supported to prevent collapse. Supports shall be provided around the edges, or
20、 at the corners of the pit, on which to rest the grating. The grating shall either be strong enough to walk on, or be made in two sections to allow half to be lifted, to give access to the raingauge. The base of the pit shall be adapted and deep enough to allow the correct installation of the rainga
21、uge and the levelling. The base of the pit shall also allow water to drain. For drainage an overlay of gravel or other suitable material may be used but for high precipitation rate places a suitable pumping system may be used. It may be located in a central recess (extra depth). Plastic sheeting lai
22、d over bare soil shall not be used if it does not permit water to drain quickly away. Weed growth shall be prevented either by weeding or by periodic application of weed killer. The surrounding grass should be maintained well and kept without weed. The maximum height of the grass should not exceed 2
23、 cm. The gratings shall be kept free of debris, (cut) grass and leaves. The pit shall be at least 300 mm deep. 3 Design and construction of the grating The grating shall be constructed from material sufficiently strong to maintain its shape without distortion. The strips of the grating shall be not
24、more than 5 mm thick, to prevent splashing from their top surfaces. The top of the grating shall equalize the level of the soil or grass. Grating distance shall be (125 5) mm. NOTE 1 Thickness will depend partly, however, on the material used, such that in the case of galvanised steel, 2 mm will pro
25、bably be sufficient. NOTE 2 The grating should preferably be of galvanised sheet steel, but can be of plastic or wood or other suitable material. Aluminium could be a good compromise. NOTE 3 Rounding off the top surface of the grating will decrease splashing. 4 Installation of raingauges The orifice
26、 of the raingauge shall be level with the top of the grating and centred. BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 6 To prevent in splash from the grating, the side of the central square space of the grating shall be approximately between 200 mm and 300 mm larger than the diameter of the raingauge collecto
27、r. In order to match this requirement, the square space of the grating shall be adapted according to the raingauge collectors diameter. Figure 1 General arrangement of raingauge pit and its grating as appearing at ground level BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 7 Key 1 grating 2 ground level (soil an
28、d grass) 3 pits sides (bricks in this example) 4 pit recess Additional recess for drainage Figure 2 3D images of complete pit and its grating BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 8 Key 1 4-fold pit sides (bricks in this example) 2 pits internal sides (bricks in this example) 3 concrete base for referen
29、ce rain gauges installations 4 pit recess Additional recess for pumping system and drainage Figure 3 3D images of the realization of 4-fold Pit (4 reference raingauge pits) Reference raingauge pits of WMO Field Intercomparison of rain intensity gauges (Vigna di Valle, Italy) BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798
30、:2010 (E) 9 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 plan view (at ground level) 2 rain gauge at the centre of grating (first example: 160 mm diameter 200 cm2surface) 3 rain gauge at the centre of grating (second example: 357 mm diameter 1000 cm2surface) 4 side view Figure 4 Detail of grating, its central sq
31、uare and rain gauge BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 10 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 ground level (soil/grass) 2 grating 3 pit sides or support corners 4 rain gauge, mast and installation base 5 optional installation grating and water collector for drainage 6 optional additional recess for pumpi
32、ng system and drainage 7 drain pipe H Height Figure 5 Vertical section through a raingauge pit and its grating BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 11 Figure 6 Example of realization: 4-fold pit - Reference rain gauge pits of WMO Field Intercomparison of rain intensity gauges (Vigna di Valle, Italy, 20
33、07) BS EN 13798:2010EN 13798:2010 (E) 12 Bibliography 1 FOLLAND, C. K. Numerical models of the raingauge exposure problem, field experiments and an improved collector design. Q. J. R. Meteorological Society, 114, pp 1485-1516. 1988 2 INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY. Selected measurement techniques in use at
34、Plynlimon experimental catchments. Institute of Hydrology Report No. 43. 1979 3 RODDA, J. C. The rainfall measurement problem. Proceedings. Bern Assembly IAHS, pp 215-231. 1967 4 SEVRUK, B. & HAMON, W. R. International comparisons of national precipitation gauges with a reference pit gauge. WMO Inst
35、ruments and Observing methods, Report No 17, WMO/TD-No. 38. 1984 5 STRANGEWAYS, I. C. Back to basics: The “met. enclosure”: Part 2(b) - Raingauges and their errors. Weather, 51, pp 298-303. 1996 6 WMO. Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation. WMO No 8. Edition. 2008. (Known as
36、 the CIMO Guide) 7 WMO ET/IOC Surface base Intercomparison and Calibration Methods Final Report 3rd Session Vigna dI Valle, 26 February-01 March 2007 8 Monthly weather review Methods and Results of definite rain measurements III Danzing Report (I) Prof. Dr. H. Koschmieder (January 1934) This page de
37、liberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standardsand other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.British Standard
38、s Institution (BSI)raising standards worldwideBSI Group Headquarters389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UKTel +44 (0)20 8996 9001Fax +44 (0)20 8996 Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Stan-dards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is
39、 the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and serv-ices. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity whileusing this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical com-mittee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front
40、cover.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001BSI offers Members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensuresthat subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7669 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001Email: Buying standardsYou may buy PDF and hard c
41、opy versions of standards directly using acredit card from the BSI Shop on the website addition all orders for BSI, international and foreign standards publicationscan be addressed to BSI Customer Services.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001Email: In response to orders for internation
42、al standards, it is BSI policy tosupply the BSI implementation of those that have been publishedas British Standards, unless otherwise requested.Information on standardsBSI provides a wide range of information on national, Europeanand international standards through its Knowledge Centre.Tel: +44 (0)
43、20 8996 7004 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7005Email: Various BSI electronic information services are also available whichgive details on all its products and services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048Email: BSI Subscribing Members are kept up to date with standardsdevelopments and receive su
44、bstantial discounts on the purchase priceof standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Ad-ministration. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: Information regarding online access to British Standards via BritishStandards Online can be found at informati
45、on about BSI is available on the BSI website at www.bsi- subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright,in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Ex-cept as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no ex-tract may be reproduced, st
46、ored in a retrieval system or transmitted in anyform or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the freeuse, in the course of implementing the standard of necessary details such assymbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be usedfor any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permissionof BSI must be obtained. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copy-right & Licensing Manager.Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070Email:
