1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1381:2016Timber structures Testmethods Load bearingstapled jointsBS EN 1381:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1381:2016. Itsupersedes BS EN 1381:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was
2、 entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/518, Structural timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Bri
3、tish Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85801 7ICS 91.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 Februa
4、ry 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1381:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN 1381 February 2016 ICS 91.080.20 Supersedes EN 1381:1999English Version Timber structures - Test methods - Load bearing stapled joints Structures en bois - Mthodes dessai -
5、 Assemblages agrafs porteurs Holzbauwerke - Prfverfahren - Tragende Klammerverbindungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 December 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the statu
6、s of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Ger
7、man). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croati
8、a, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Uni
9、ted Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN
10、 1381:2016 EBS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 5 5 Materials . 7 5.1 Timber . 7 5.2 Wood-based materials 7 5.3 Staples . 7 6 Test methods 8 6.1 General 8 6.2 Conditioning 8
11、 6.3 Fabrication of the test pieces 8 6.4 Preparation of the test pieces . 8 6.4.1 Load parallel to grain . 8 6.4.2 Load perpendicular to grain . 9 6.5 Test procedure . 9 6.6 Test Result 11 6.7 Test Report . 11 Bibliography . 13 BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 1
12、381:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber Structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and confl
13、icting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This docume
14、nt supersedes EN 1381:1999. Compared to EN 1381:1999, the following changes have been made: replacement of EN 28970 by EN ISO 8970; improvement to figures and definitions. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to
15、implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom
16、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the strength and deformation characteristics of stapled joints in load-bearing timber structures. The methods a
17、ssess joints with members of timber (solid timber and glued laminated timber) or wood-based products in the combination proposed for use in service and using all types of staples up to 3 mm diameter for circular cross-section staples or 4 mm x 2 mm for rectangular or oval cross-section staples. The
18、methods determine load-slip characteristics and maximum load of joints with laterally loaded staples where various angles between the applied force and the timber grain direction or the main direction of the wood-based products, respectively, are possible. 2 Normative references The following docume
19、nts, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 322, Wood-based panels -
20、 Determination of moisture content EN 323, Wood-based panels - Determination of density EN 14592, Timber Structures Dowel-type-fasteners Requirements EN 26891:1991, Timber structures - Joints made with mechanical fasteners - General principles for the determination of strength and deformation charac
21、teristics (ISO 6891:1983) EN ISO 8970:2010, Timber structures - Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners - Requirements for wood density (ISO 8970:2010) ISO 13061-1, Physical and mechanical properties of wood Test methods for small clear wood specimens Part 1: Determination of moisture conte
22、nt for physical and mechanical tests ISO 13061-2, Physical and mechanical properties of wood Test methods for small clear wood specimens Part 2: Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions a
23、pply. 3.1 staple double-bent, u-shaped piece of round, square, rectangular or oval wire with pointed 3.2 staple crown connection between the two staple legs 3.3 staple leg diameter or side length nominal diameter of a round staple leg, the side length of a rectangular leg, or the diameter of an oval
24、 cross section as defined in EN 14592 BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 5 3.4 staple length length of each staple leg, including point 3.5 staple crone width width across the staple legs 3.6 deformation of the joint mean value of the measurements of the relative displacements of the two side members w
25、ith respect to the central member Note 1 to entry see Figure 1. 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply. a staple crone width, see Figure 1, in millimetres b width of member cross-section, in millimetres d nominal value of the diam
26、eter of a round staple leg, the side length of a rectangular leg, or the diameter of an oval cross section as defined in EN 14592, see Figure 1, in millimetres. F load, in newtons t member thickness, in millimetres l staple length including the point, see Figure 1, in millimetres crnangle between th
27、e direction of a staple crown and the grain direction or the main direction of the wood-based products, respectively, see Figure 2, in degrees BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 6 Key l is staple length d is diameter a is staple crown width Figure 1 Staple dimensions BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 7 K
28、ey 1 grain direction Figure 2 Angle between the staple direction and the grain direction or the main direction of a wood-based product 5 Materials 5.1 TimberThe timber shall be selected in accordance with the method given in EN ISO 8970:2010. For each test piece, the density of the individual member
29、s to be joined shall not differ more than 10 %. For a group of similar test pieces, separate planks shall be used for each test piece. The members shall be free from major defects that could lead to premature failure in the area away from the fasteners. 5.2 Wood-based materials The specification of
30、these products shall be established. The products used for the individual members of the test pieces shall be representative of the class or range of product to which they belong and the relevant properties shall be declared. One unique grade shall be used to make the test pieces. For each test piec
31、e, the individual members In the joint shall be selected from separate pieces of material. 5.3 Staples The technical specification of the staple wire and the staples shall be established if unknown. BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 8 6 Test methods 6.1 General The moisture content and density of the
32、timber or wood-based products members at test shall be determined as specified in ISO 13061-1, ISO 13061-2, EN 322 or EN 323 as appropriate. 6.2 Conditioning In case of staples with smooth legs the test pieces shall be manufactured with the timber or wood-based products at an equilibrium moisture co
33、ntent corresponding to (20 2) C and (85 5) % relative humidity. After manufacture the test pieces shall be stored for at least one week at (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity. For other staples the test pieces shall be manufactured with the timber or wood-based products at an equilibrium moistur
34、e content corresponding to (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity. After manufacture the test pieces shall be stored at (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity. The material is conditioned when it attains constant mass. Constant mass is considered to be attained when, the results of two successive
35、weightings, carried out at an interval of 6 h, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the material. For certain investigations other moisture conditioning may be appropriate, and shall be reported. For some deciduous wood species a much longer storing period may be necessary or the test pie
36、ces should be made with appropriate gaps between the members. 6.3 Fabrication of the test pieces If there are no special requirements, timber elements shall be planed. Test pieces shall be fabricated with the staple leg perpendicular to the member surface. The insertion of the staples shall follow n
37、ormal practice, which shall be reported. NOTE The depth of staple crown indentation will have an influence on the test results, particular for joints loaded in double shear. It is not allowed that the staple crown protrudes above the surface. 6.4 Preparation of the test pieces 6.4.1 Load parallel to
38、 grain For joints consisting solely of timber or wood-based products (or combinations thereof) the test pieces shall be made as three-member joints with four staples from each side, loaded in single shear, see Figure 3. Test shall be made with test pieces with crn= 30. If wood-based products are inc
39、luded in the test piece the test shall be carried out at either crn= 30 or crn= 60, whichever gives the smallest load carrying capacity. NOTE The 50 mm minimum end length shown in Figure 3 may not be appropriate to thin timber or wood-based products subjected to compression loads. BS EN 1381:2016EN
40、1381:2016 (E) 9 6.4.2 Load perpendicular to grain For joints consisting solely of timber or wood-based products (or combinations thereof) the test pieces shall be made as three-member joints with four staples from each side, loaded in single shear, see Figures 4 and 5. Test shall be made with test p
41、ieces with crn= 30. If wood-based products are included in the test piece the test shall be carried out at either crn= 30 or crn= 60, whichever gives the smallest load carrying capacity. 6.5 Test procedure The tests shall be carried out in accordance with Clauses 7 and 8 of EN 26891:1991 with the fo
42、llowing additions: a) if compressive test pieces are used, instability of the members shall be prevented and; b) the separation of the side members in combination with pulling out the staple shall not be significantly hindered by the loading equipment. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 grain direction
43、 2 staple point 3 staple crown Figure 3 Timber joint, single shear, loaded in tension or compression; staples crn= 30 BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 10 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 grain direction 2 staple point 3 staple crown Figure 4 Single shear test piece loaded in tension or compression - c
44、entre member loaded perpendicular to the grain BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 11 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 grain direction 2 staple point 3 staple crown Figure 5 Single shear test piece loaded in tension or compression - side members loaded perpendicular to the grain 6.6 Test Result The test
45、results shall be determined in accordance with 8.5 of EN 26891:1991. 6.7 Test Report The test report shall contain the following information a) species, density and other relevant properties of timber and/or wood based products; b) quality, strength properties and surface finish of the materials of
46、the staples, including anti-corrosive protection; c) dimensions of the joints, size and number of the staples, details of gaps between members; d) mode of insertion of the staples; BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 12 e) spacing, end and edge distances of the staples; f) main direction (in the case of
47、 wood-based products); g) depth of staple point penetration; h) crown angle with respect to grain direction and depth of staple crown indentation, if any; i) conditioning of materials of the test specimens before and after manufacture, moisture content of the materials at manufacture and at test, fi
48、ssures etc.; j) the loading procedure used, including whether in compression or tension, and a statement of any deviations; k) individual test results and any relevant information regarding adjustments, mean values and standard deviations, and descriptions of the modes of failure; l) number of tests
49、. NOTE Characteristic values can be determined using EN 14358. BS EN 1381:2016EN 1381:2016 (E) 13 Bibliography 1 EN 14358, Timber structures - Calculation of characteristic 5-percentile values and acceptance criteria for a sample This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services.BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization prod
