1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13981-4:2006Aluminium and aluminium alloys Products for structural railway applications Technical conditions for inspection and delivery Part 4: ForgingsThe European Standard EN 13981-4:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 77.150.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g
2、55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 13981-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 20
3、06 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49832 8National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 13981-4:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NFE/35, Light metals and their alloys.A list of organizations represented on NFE/35 c
4、an be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAm
5、d. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13981-4November 2006ICS 77.150.10English VersionAluminium and aluminium alloys - Products for structural railwayapplications - Technical conditions for inspection and delivery -Part 4: ForgingsAluminium et alliages daluminium - Pr
6、oduits pourapplications ferroviaires structurales - Conditionstechniques de contrle et de livraison - Partie 4: PicesforgesAluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Erzeugnisse frtragende Anwendungen im Schienenfahrzeugbau -Technische Lieferbedingungen - Teil 4: SchmiedestckeThis European Standard was ap
7、proved by CEN on 6 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
8、standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
9、to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, No
10、rway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form a
11、nd by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13981-4:2006: EEN 13981-4:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Ordering information.6 5 Requirements.6 5.1 Production and manufacturing processes .6 5.2 Quality assura
12、nce6 5.3 Alloys, chemical composition and tempers7 5.4 Mechanical properties of forgings.7 5.4.1 Mechanical properties of forgings under static loading7 5.4.2 Mechanical properties of forgings under cyclic loading.7 5.5 Mechanical properties of welded joints 8 5.5.1 General8 5.5.2 Mechanical propert
13、ies of welded joints under static loading .8 5.5.3 Mechanical properties of welded joints under cyclic loading 8 5.6 Freedom from surface defects .9 5.7 Tolerances on dimensions and form.9 6 Qualification procedures 9 6.1 First-off article approval procedure.9 6.2 Additional qualification procedure
14、9 7 Sampling and test methods10 7.1 General10 7.2 Analysis of chemical composition.10 7.3 Tensile test .11 7.4 Preparation of test pieces for the testing of welded joints .11 7.5 Tensile testing on welded joints 11 7.6 Fatigue testing (parent material and welded joints).11 7.7 Dye penetrant testing
15、12 7.8 Metallographic testing.12 7.9 Visual inspection .12 7.10 Measurement of dimensions 12 7.11 Ultrasonic testing.12 8 Traceability.13 9 Marking of forgings .13 10 Declaration of conformity .13 11 Record keeping14 12 Packaging .14 13 Application and use.14 14 Complaints of non-conformity .14 Anne
16、x A (normative) Mechanical properties of alloys EN AW-6061 and EN AW-6110A .15 Annex B (normative) Test pieces for fatigue testing.16 Annex C (informative) Guidelines for application and use .17 EN 13981-4:2006 (E) 3 C.1 Selection of alloys .17 C.2 Fatigue design .18 C.3 Welding.18 Annex D (normativ
17、e) Chemical composition of EN AW-6110A EN AW-Al Mg0,9Si0,9MnCu20 Bibliography21 Figures Figure B.1 Test pieces for fatigue testing .16 Tables Table 1 Fatigue properties of forgings (not applicable for design purposes, see C.2)7 Table 2 Fatigue properties of MIG welded butt joints (not applicable for
18、 design purposes, see C.2).9 Table 3 Product inspection and testing procedures10 Table 4 Fatigue test factor F .12 Table A.1 Mechanical properties of alloy EN AW-6061 and EN AW-6110A forgings15 Table B.1 Dimensions of test pieces .16 Table C.1 Mechanical properties of welded butt joints, EN ISO 1004
19、2 class C, MIG welded 19 Table D.1 Chemical composition of alloy EN AW-6110A.20 EN 13981-4:2006 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13981-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium and aluminium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall
20、 be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2007. Within its program of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 entrusted CEN/TC 132/WG 21
21、 “Aluminium for railway applications” to prepare the following standard: EN 13981-4, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Products for structural railway applications Technical conditions for inspection and delivery Part 4: Forgings. EN 13981 comprises the following parts under the general title “Aluminiu
22、m and aluminium alloys Products for structural railway applications Technical conditions for inspection and delivery“: Part 1: Extruded products Part 2: Plates and sheets Part 3: Castings Part 4: Forgings Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub
23、ject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. CEN/TC 132 affirms it is its policy that in the case when a patentee refuses to grant licenses on standardised standard products under reasonable and not discriminatory conditions, then this produ
24、ct shall be removed from the corresponding standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
25、 Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13981-4:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for forgings (hand forgings,
26、 die forgings) which contribute to the structural properties of the railcar bodyshell and other major structural components. The requirements on welded joints specified in this European Standard are not applicable to welded assemblies and sub-assemblies as they are specified for material qualificati
27、on purposes only. It specifies particular requirements regarding qualification, quality control, material properties and dimensional tolerances. Furthermore, guide-lines for application and use are given. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application
28、 of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 515, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Wrought products Temper designations EN 571-1, Non destructive testing Penetrant t
29、esting Part 1: General principles EN 573-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Chemical composition and form of wrought products Part 3: Chemical composition EN 586-1, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Forgings Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery EN 586-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloy
30、s Forgings Part 2: Mechanical properties and additional property requirements EN 586-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Forgings Part 3: Tolerances on dimensions and form EN 895, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Transverse tensile test EN 1011-4:2000, Welding Recommendations for weldi
31、ng of metallic materials Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys EN 10204:2004, Metallic products Types of inspection documents EN 12258-1:1998, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Terms and definitions Part 1: General terms EN ISO 10042, Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys Qualit
32、y levels for imperfections (ISO 10042:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1:1998 and the following apply. 3.1 forging lot quantity of forgings of the same grade or alloy, form, temper, shape, thickness or cross-section, subsequ
33、ently forged without die change EN 13981-4:2006 (E) 6 3.2 inspection lot consignment, or part thereof, submitted for inspection, comprising products of the same grade or alloy, form, temper, shape, thickness or cross-section and processed in the same manner. Products included in one inspection lot s
34、hall be manufactured in the same production unit 3.3 heat treatment batch or lot quantity of products of the same grade or alloy, form, thickness or cross-section and produced in the same way, heat-treated in one furnace load, or such products solution-treated and subsequently precipitation-treated
35、in one furnace load. More than one solution-treatment lot can be included in the precipitation furnace load 3.4 structural property property having a direct effect on the static and dynamic load carrying capability of a component or assembly 4 Ordering information The ordering information shall be f
36、ormulated as laid down in EN 586-1. Reference to this European Standard shall be made. In addition, it shall be indicated whether the forging is intended to be welded or not. If the purchaser requires the ultrasonic inspection of the forging stock or the forgings, this shall be stated in the order.
37、5 Requirements 5.1 Production and manufacturing processes Unless otherwise specified on the order, the production and manufacturing processes shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer. Unless it is explicitly stated on the order, no obligation shall be placed on the manufacturer to use the
38、 same processes for subsequent and similar orders. 5.2 Quality assurance The manufacturer shall establish and maintain a quality management system which should be at least equivalent to EN ISO 9001. The manufacturer shall establish and maintain inspection plans defining all inspections and tests to
39、be performed on the forging to fulfil the requirements of this European Standard and any other agreed requirement, the frequency of the tests and the type of record to be established. The inspection plan shall specify for each inspection or test whether it is to be performed per cast, per forging lo
40、t, per heat treatment batch, per inspection lot or per any other lot of importance. The inspection plan shall comply as a minimum to the test procedures and test requirements stipulated in this European Standard (see Table 3). The inspection plan shall include additional schemes for appropriate proc
41、ess control. If required the inspection plan shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval before start of production. The manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out all inspections and tests required by this European Standard, prior to the shipment of the forging. If the purchaser wishes
42、 to inspect the forging at the manufacturers works, he shall stipulate this at the time of placing the order. EN 13981-4:2006 (E) 7 The extent of inspections shall be in compliance with Table 3. Unless explicitly stated quality controls and inspections shall be performed on inspection lots. 5.3 Allo
43、ys, chemical composition and tempers The alloys shall be selected from the following: EN AW-5754, EN AW-5083, EN AW-6082, EN AW-6061, EN AW-6110A. Any other alloy shall be qualified according to a mutually agreed procedure which shall consider the intended joining technique and the intended use. The
44、 chemical compositions of these alloys shall be as specified in EN 573-3. The chemical composition of alloy EN AW-6110A is specified in Annex D. In addition, the lead (Pb) content of all 6xxx series alloys shall be limited to max. 0,01 %. If the purchaser requires content limits for elements not spe
45、cified in the above standard, these limits shall be stated on the order, after agreement between purchaser and supplier. The tempers shall be selected from those specified in EN 586-2 or in Table A.1 unless otherwise agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. Tempers shall be as defined in EN 515.
46、Other tempers shall be qualified according to a mutually agreed procedure which shall consider the intended joining technique and the intended use. 5.4 Mechanical properties of forgings 5.4.1 Mechanical properties of forgings under static loading Tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of fo
47、rgings shall conform to the requirements in EN 586-2 unless otherwise agreed upon between supplier and purchaser and stated on the order. The mechanical properties of alloys EN AW-6061 and EN AW-6110A shall comply with Annex A. 5.4.2 Mechanical properties of forgings under cyclic loading The minimum
48、 values for the maximum stress specified in Table 1 shall be met for all alloys and wall thicknesses under the following conditions: Percentage of non-failure: 97,5 % Number of cycles: 107The test pieces shall be tested according to 7.6. Table 1 Fatigue properties of forgings (not applicable for des
49、ign purposes, see C.2) Stress ratio R = min/max1 0,1 0,5 Maximum stressa bmax65 110 180 aMeeting these values is a necessary condition for the use of design codes mentioned under C.2. b If maxexceeds the yield strength as specified in 5.4.1, maxis equal to Rp0,2.EN 13981-4:2006 (E) 8 5.5 Mechanical properties of welded joints 5.5.1 General The properties specified in 5.5 are only applicable to forgings which are intended to be welded. Forgings shall be capable of providing the properties sp
