1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN14150:2006Geosynthetic barriers Determination of permeability to liquidsThe European Standard EN 14150:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 59.080.70g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g5
2、4g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14150:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49071 8National forewordThis British Standard is the official Engl
3、ish language version of EN 14150:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geosynthetics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Sta
4、ndards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.Thi
5、s publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible inte
6、rnational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title
7、page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14150June 2006ICS 59.080.70English VersionGeosynthetic barri
8、ers - Determination of permeability to liquidsGomembranes - Dtermination de la permabilit auxliquidesGeosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung derFlssigkeitsdurchlssigkeitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
9、ions which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This Europea
10、n Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national s
11、tandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUR
12、OPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14150:2006: EEN 14150:2006 (E)
13、 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Apparatus .4 4.1 Cell 4 4.2 Volume measuring devices and pressure delivery system 5 4.3 Liquid supply7 4.4 Temperature control7 5 Specimens8 6 Procedure .8 6.1 Installation8 6.1.1 General8 6.1.2 Type A volume measuring devi
14、ces:.8 6.1.3 Type B volume measuring devices:.9 6.2 Preparation stages.9 6.2.1 General9 6.2.2 First preparation stage9 6.2.3 Second preparation stage.9 6.3 Test stage 10 7 Calculation. 11 7.1 Preparation stages 11 7.2 Volume-temperature dependence coefficients 11 7.3 Test. 11 7.4 Test validity . 12
15、8 Test report . 12 Bibliography. 13 EN 14150:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14150:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN/BIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
16、 publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to i
17、mplement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un
18、ited Kingdom. EN 14150:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the steady-state liquid flow through a geosynthetic barrier, used to contain liquids in long-term applications. The test method and described apparatus allow the measurement of flows accurately down to
19、10-6m3/m2/day. In particular circumstances where testing indicates that values obtained for a geosynthetic barrier lie below the threshold of sensitivity of this test method, then the value of liquid flow is declared as being less than 10-6m3/m2/day. Due to its long duration this test method is not
20、suitable for production control testing. Geosynthetic clay liners cannot be tested with this apparatus. 2 Normative references Not applicable 3 Principle A differential hydraulic pressure is applied between the two sides of a geosynthetic barrier. It is kept constant during the test at 100 kPa, the
21、upstream pressure being set to 150 kPa, and the downstream pressure to 50 kPa. The flow through the geosynthetic barrier is calculated from the variations of the liquid volume measured on both sides of the geosynthetic barrier. NOTE 1 This test is conducted with water, but can also be performed with
22、 other liquids, providing chemical resistance and compatibility of the apparatus is ensured. NOTE 2 In the light of laboratory experience, test procedural improvement and equipment enhancement the sensitivity threshold of the test procedure should be reviewed and the applicability of the test proced
23、ure to the product permeability assessed at regular intervals, not exceeding 12 months. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Cell The two-part cell (see Figure 1) is made of stainless steel. The cell shall resist to oxidation during long-term immersion. In each part of the cell, a cavity allows to apply a hydraulic pres
24、sure. A porous disc placed in the downstream cavity prevents deformations of the geosynthetic barrier. EN 14150:2006 (E) 5 Key 1 downstream part 2 upstream part 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 porous plate U water inlet D water outlet FU flushing valve upstream FD flushing valve downstream Figure 1 Schemat
25、ic representation of a test cell The cell shall be designed to clamp the specimen without any leaks. There is no tightening system necessary, as clamping between flat surfaces is usually sufficient. For some materials, a sealant may be necessary. Any sealant non-sensitive to water and avoiding leaks
26、 can be used. In the case of bituminous geosynthetic barriers, a bitumen rubber sealant can be used. The measuring chambers shall have a nominal diameter equal to or greater than 200 mm. This diameter shall be measured with an accuracy equal to or better than 1 mm. The cell is equipped with a liquid
27、 inlet on the upstream part (U-valve) and a liquid outlet on the downstream part (D-valve) and flushing valves on each part (FU- and FD-valves). The cell should be oriented vertically to allow an easier and better air flushing. The flushing valves (FU and FD) should be placed on top of the cell and
28、the inlet (U) and outlet (D) should be on the bottom of the cell. NOTE The cell can also include, on both parts, a ring-shaped control chamber. The downstream control chamber will be equipped with a porous ring-shaped plate. Each ring-shaped chamber will be connected to an independent volume measuri
29、ng device and a pressure delivery system, in order to apply the same pressure as in the corresponding measuring chamber. These ring-shaped chambers are there to minimise deformation in the measuring chamber. 4.2 Volume measuring devices and pressure delivery system These two devices are generally as
30、sociated. The volume measuring equipment shall be able to measure liquid flows through the geosynthetic barrier smaller than 10-6m3/m2/day. The accuracy of the volume measurement shall be at least 10-8m3. The accuracy of the pressure applied on each side of the geosynthetic barrier shall be 2 kPa. T
31、he volume measurements can be achieved using capillary tubes (Type A device) or pressure-volume controllers (Type B device). EN 14150:2006 (E) 6 Type A (see Figure 2): 30 cm long tubes can be used. To reduce the effects of evaporation the tube diameter should be less than 3 mm. The pressure is appli
32、ed by means of air pressure in capillary tubes and controlled with a regulator. A liquid vessel connected to the cell, between each capillary tube and the cell, allows the cavities to be filled before the test and enables the adjustment of liquid levels in capillary tubes during the test. Due to tem
33、perature effects on volume, tests performed with this kind of apparatus should be carried out in a thermostatic chamber (23 0,2) C. Key 1 capillary tubes 2 vessel 3 upstream pressure 4 downstream pressure 5 thermostatic chamber (to 0,1 C) 6 geosynthetic barrier WU water regulator valve upstream WD w
34、ater regulator valve downstream FU flushing valve upstream FD flushing valve downstream U water inlet D water outlet Figure 2 Schematic representation of a Type A volume measuring device Type B (see Figure 3): this device allows the application of a constant pressure when measuring the volume. It co
35、nsists of a cylinder in which a piston slides. A numerically controlled motor enables the application of the required pressure by moving the piston. A pressure sensor included in the system measures the pressure. The piston displacement corresponds to a variation of the volume of liquid. The volume
36、of the controllers should be greater than 10-4 m3. EN 14150:2006 (E) 7 Key 1 downstream controller 2 upstream controller 3 computer 4 temperature transducers 5 geosynthetic barrier U water inlet D water outlet FU flushing valve upstream FD flushing valve downstream Figure 3 Schematic representation
37、of a Type B volume measuring device 4.3 Liquid supply It is recommended to use de-aired water (less than 1 mg/l of dissolved oxygen). De-aired liquid is necessary to minimize variations of volume due to temperature variations. NOTE If the test is conducted with other liquids, volatility and safety p
38、roblems should be taken into account. 4.4 Temperature control When the test is carried out using a type A device then this shall be performed under a temperature of (23 0,2) C (using a thermostatic chamber). When the test is carried out using a type B device then a temperature of (23 1) C (in a cont
39、rolled temperature room) shall be used. With a type B device, at least three temperature transducers, placed on each pressure-volume controller and on the cell, should be used. Temperature measurements will then be used to correct volume variations (see 8.2). The temperature is measured with a preci
40、sion of 0,2 C. EN 14150:2006 (E) 8 5 Specimens The specimens shall be clean and free from any visible defects. If the geosynthetic barrier has a textured surface, it will be necessary to smooth the surface in the clamping area to achieve a good seating. In addition the uniformity of texturing shall
41、be such that no undue deformation of the barrier takes place during the test. If the clamping area cannot be correctly machined to achieve a good seal or if the texturing causes deformation during the test, then the specimen shall not be submitted to the test. NOTE In order to reduce testing time, i
42、t is recommended to immerse the specimen in the liquid at test temperature for 24 h prior to the commencement of the test. 6 Procedure NOTE It is of the utmost importance to maintain the upstream pressure higher than the downstream pressure during the whole duration of the test, and between each sta
43、ge. 6.1 Installation 6.1.1 General The cell shall be dry and clean from oils. The valves U, D, FU and FD shall be open. Place the specimen in the centre of the downstream part of the cell placed horizontally. Place the upstream part of the cell and close it. Clamp the geosynthetic barrier to ensure
44、perfect contact. Place the cell on the testing bench and apply one of the following procedures. 6.1.2 Type A volume measuring devices: connect the cell to the volume measuring device; open U and the vessel valve WU and slowly fill the upstream cavity with liquid coming directly from the vessel. Cont
45、inue filling until air previously in the cell is flushed out; close FU and establish a high level of liquid in the capillary tube where the level of liquid will decrease; close WU and apply a 10 kPa pressure on the upstream cavity; open D and the liquid vessel valve WD and slowly fill the downstream
46、 cavity with liquid; continue filling until all air previously in the cell is flushed out; NOTE A better result may be obtained by vacuuming air from the downstream cavity with valve D closed and refilling the upstream cavity afterwards if necessary. close WD and FD; during both preparation and test
47、 stages, regularly adjust the level of liquid in both tubes. It may be necessary to fill the upstream capillary tube and empty the downstream capillary tube where the level of liquid will increase. To correct the liquid level in a tube, apply an appropriate pressure (50 kPa or 150 kPa) in the liquid
48、 vessel, open the liquid valve (WU or WD) and adjust the liquid level in the tube (upstream or downstream). Then close the liquid vessel valve (WU or WD). EN 14150:2006 (E) 9 6.1.3 Type B volume measuring devices: fill in upstream and downstream controller with liquid; fill the upstream part of the
49、cell with liquid, coming directly from the liquid vessel; continue liquid filling until air previously in the cell is flushed out; close valve U; connect the upstream part to the corresponding controller, open valve U, and begin to empty the controller for a few seconds; set the controller pressure to zero and close valve FU; set the controller pressure to 10 kPa; slowly fill the downstream part of the cell with liquid coming directly from the liquid vessel (not represented in Figure 3); continue liquid filling until all ai
