1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14157:2004 Natural stones Determination of abrasion resistance The European Standard EN 14157:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 BS EN 14157:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee
2、 on 19 January 2005 BSI 19 January 2005 ISBN 0 580 45267 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14157:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to: A list of
3、organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Co
4、rrespondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does n
5、ot of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developm
6、ents and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 19 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication A
7、md. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14157 October2004 ICS Englishversion NaturalstonesDeterminationofabrasionresistance MthodesdessaipourpierresnaturellesDtermination delarsistancelusure PrfverfahrenfrNatursteinBestimmungdes WiderstandesgegenVerschlei ThisEuropeanSt
8、andardwasapprovedbyCENon9July2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplic
9、ationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmember
10、sarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTA
11、NDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14157:2004:EEN 14157:2004 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative referenc
12、es 4 3 Method A Wide Wheel Abrasion Test .4 4 Method B Bhme Abrasion Test .10 5 Method C Amsler Abrasion Test .13 6 Test report 15 Annex A (informative) Correlation between the reference method and the other two methods .16 Page2 EN14157:2004EN 14157:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14157:2004)
13、 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 246, “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting nation
14、al standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005. This draft document is one of the series of draft documents for tests on natural stone. Test methods for natural stone consist of the following parts: EN 1925, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption coefficient by c
15、apillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods - Determination of compressive strength EN 1936, Natural stone test methods - Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity EN 12370, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation E
16、N 12371, Natural stone test methods - Determination of frost resistance EN 12372, Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 12407, Natural stone test methods Petrographic examination EN 13161, Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural str
17、ength under constant moment EN 13373, Natural stone test methods - Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 13919, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by SO 2
18、action in the presence of humidity EN 14066, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock EN 14147, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist EN 14231, Natural stone test methods - Determination of the slip resistance by me
19、ans of the pendulum tester EN 14158, Natural stone test methods - Determination of rupture energy EN 14205, Natural stone test methods - Determination of Knoop hardness prEN 14579, Natural stone test methods - Determination of sound speed propagation prEN 14580, Natural stone test methods - Determin
20、ation of static elastic modulus prEN 14581, Natural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient It is intended that other ENs should call up this EN 14157 as the basis of evaluation of conformity. Nevertheless it is not intended that all natural stones products should
21、be subjected regularly to all the listed tests. Specifications in other documents should call up only relevant test methods. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg
22、ium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page3 EN14157:2004EN 14157:2004 (E) 4 1 S
23、cope This document specifies three test methods to determine the abrasion resistance of natural stones used for flooring in buildings. One of the methods the wide wheel abrasion method is defined as the reference method. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for
24、 the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10025, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Technical delivery conditions EN 13373, Natural ston
25、e test methods: Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN ISO 4288, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture (ISO 4288:1996) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1:
26、 Test method (ISO 6506-1:1999) FEPA 42F1984, FEPA Fdration des Fabricants de Produits Abrasifs. Corundum 3 Method A Wide Wheel Abrasion Test 3.1 Principle The test is carried out by abrading the face of a specimen which will be exposed in use with an abrasive material under standard conditions. 3.2
27、Abrasive material The abrasive required for this test is corundum (white fused alumina) with grit size of 80 in accordance with standard FEPA 42 F 1984. It shall not be used for more than three times. 3.3 Apparatus 3.3.1 The wearing machine The wearing machine (see Figure 1) is essentially made of a
28、 wide abrasion wheel, a storage hopper with one or two control valves to regulate the output of the abrasive material, a flow guidance hopper, a clamping trolley and a counterweight. When two valves are used, one shall be used to regulate the rate of flow and can be permanently set while the other i
29、s used to turn the flow on and off. Page4 EN14157:2004EN 14157:2004 (E) 5 12 8 7 4 6 9 5 11 3 2 1 10 13Key 1 Clamping trolley 2 Fixing screw 3 Specimen 4 Control valve 5 Storage hopper 6 Flow guidance hopper 7 Wide abrasion wheel 8 Counterweight 9 Slot 10 Groove 11 Abrasive material flow 12 Abrasive
30、 collector 13 Wedge Figure 1 Principle of the wearing machine The wide abrasion wheel shall be made of steel Fe 690 according to EN 10025. The hardness of the steel shall be between 203 HB and 245 HB. Its diameter shall be (200 1) mm and its width shall be (70 1) mm. It shall be driven to rotate 75
31、revolutions in (60 3) seconds. A mobile clamping trolley is mounted on bearings and forced to move forwards to the wheel by a counterweight having a mass of (14 0,01) kg. The storage hopper containing the abrasive material feeds a flow guidance hopper. The flow guidance hopper may have a cylindrical
32、 or rectangular cross-section and shall have a slotted outlet. The length of the slot shall be (45 1) mm and the width shall be (4 1) mm. The body of the flow guidance hopper shall be at least 10 mm bigger than the slot in all directions. In the case of a hopper with a rectangular cross Page5 EN1415
33、7:2004EN 14157:2004 (E) 6 section and at least one of the sides inclined down to the length of the slot, these dimensional limitations are not necessary (see Figure 2). 4 1 4 1 45 1 45 1 b a c 6 1 6 9 2 9For key see Figure 1 1 Inclined side 2 Vertical side a,b,c 10 Figure 2 Position of the slot at t
34、he base of the flow guidance hopper in case of cylindrical cross section (left) and of rectangular cross section (right) The distance of the fall between the slot and the axle of the wide abrasion wheel shall be (100 5) mm and the flow of abrasive shall be (1-5) mm behind the leading edge of the whe
35、el (see Figure 3). Page6 EN14157:2004EN 14157:2004 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres Top front view, bottom plan view F o r k e y s e e F i g u r e 1 A distance of the flow of abrasive from the leading edge of the wheel (from 1 to 5). Figure 3 Position of the slot relative to the wide abrasion wheel f
36、or a cylindrical cross section of the flow guidance hopper (left) and for a rectangular cross section of the flow guidance hopper (right) The flow of the abrasive material from the flow guidance hopper shall be at a minimum rate of 2.5 litres per minute onto the wide abrasion wheel. The flow of abra
37、sive shall be constant and the minimum level of the abrasive in the flow guidance hopper shall be 25 mm (see Figure 3). 3.3.2 Magnifying glass A magnifying glass having at least 2 x magnification and preferably equipped with a light. 3.3.3 Ruler A steel ruler. 3.3.4 Calliper A digital calliper, havi
38、ng an accuracy of at least 0,05 mm 3.4 Calibration The apparatus shall be calibrated after grinding 400 grooves or every two months which ever is sooner and every time there is a new operator, a new batch of abrasive, or a new abrasion wheel. Page7 EN14157:2004EN 14157:2004 (E) 8 The abrasive flow r
39、ate shall be verified by pouring the material from a height of approximately 100 mm into a pre- weighed rigid container with a smooth rim, of height (90 10) mm and of known volume when filled to the top, this shall be approximately 1 litre. As the container fills, the pourer shall be raised to appro
40、ximately maintain the 100 mm fall. When the container is filled, the top shall be struck off level and weighed to determine the mass of abrasive for a known volume, i.e. the density. The abrasive shall be run through the wearing machine for (60 1) s and collected below the abrasion wheel in a pre-we
41、ighed container of at least 3 litres capacity. The filled container shall be weighed and from the density determined above, the rate of abrasive flow can be verified as not less than 2,5 litres per minute. The apparatus shall be calibrated against a reference sample of “Boulonnaise Marble” using the
42、 procedure in 3.6.1 and the counterweight adjusted so that after 75 revolutions of the wheel in (60 3) seconds the length of the groove produced is (20,0 0,5) mm. The counterweight shall be increased or decreased to increase or decrease the groove length respectively. The clamping trolley/counterwei
43、ght assembly shall be checked for undue friction. NOTE The “Boulonnaise Marble” reference is: Lunel demi-clair, thickness: 5 cm, c/passe 2 faces ground with a diamond grit size 100/120, with a rugosity class Ra = (1,6 0,4) m in accordance with EN ISO 4288. The groove shall be measured using the proc
44、edure in 3.6.2 to the nearest 0,1 mm and the three results averaged to give the calibration value. An alternative material may be used for the reference sample if a good correlation (that is where the r 2is greater than 0,8 has established with the reference material “Boulonnaise Marble”. At every c
45、alibration of the apparatus the squareness of the sample supports shall be checked. The groove on the reference sample shall be rectangular with a difference between the measured length of the groove at either side not exceeding 0,5 mm. If necessary check that: The sample has been held square to the
46、 wheel. The clamping trolley and the slot from the flow guidance hopper are parallel to the wheel axle. The flow of abrasive is even across the slot. The friction in the trolley/counterweight assembly is not undue. 3.5 Preparation of test specimens The test specimen shall be a whole product or a cut
47、 piece measuring at least (100 x 70) mm incorporating the upper face of the unit. At least six specimens shall selected from an homogenous batch. The sampling is not the responsibility of the test laboratory except where especially requested. The orientation of the test face with respect to anisotro
48、py planes (e.g. bedding, foliation) shall be noted. The test specimens shall be clean and dried at (70 5) C to a constant mass. Constant mass is reached when the difference between two successive weighings at an interval of (24 2) h is not greater than 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen. The upper face, which shall be tested, shall be flat within a tolerance of 1 mm measured in accordance with EN 13373 in two perpendicular directions, but over 100 mm. If the upper face has a rough t
