1、BS EN 14224:2010ICS 91.100.50NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDFlexible sheets forwaterproofing Waterproofing ofconcrete bridgedecks and otherconcrete surfacestrafficable by vehicles Determination ofcrack bridging abilityThis British Standardwas pu
2、blished under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 June2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 67918 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 14224:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14224:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 14224:2
3、005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/546/9, Bridge deck water proofing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi
4、sionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 14224:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14224 May 2010 ICS 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 14224:2005English Version Flexible she
5、ets for waterproofing - Waterproofing of concrete bridge decks and other concrete surfaces trafficable by vehicles - Determination of crack bridging ability Feuilles souples dtanchit - Systmes dtanchit pour ponts et autres surfaces en bton circulables par les vhicules - Dtermination de laptitude pon
6、ter les fissuresAbdichtungsbahnen - Abdichtungssysteme fr Betonbrcken und andere Verkehrsflchen aus Beton - Bestimmung der Rissberbrckungsfhigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate th
7、e conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists
8、in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodi
9、es of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kin
10、gdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14224:2010: EBS EN
11、 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Test method 44.1 Principle 44.2 Apparatus .54.3 Sampling and preparation of test specimens .54.3.1 Sampling .54.3.2 Preparation of test specimens .54.4 Procedure .74.4.1 Number of test
12、s 74.4.2 Preparation for the test .74.4.3 Test temperature 94.4.4 Running of the test 94.4.5 Observations during the test . 104.4.6 Observations after the test: watertightness test . 104.5 Results . 104.5.1 Expression of results . 104.5.2 Precision 104.6 Test report . 10Bibliography . 12BS EN 14224:
13、2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14224:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 254 “Flexible sheets for waterproofing”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi
14、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held
15、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14224:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, C
16、yprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E)
17、4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a test method for determining the crack bridging ability of reinforced bitumen sheets used in waterproofing systems on concrete bridge decks and other areas of concrete trafficable by vehicles. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are i
18、ndispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13375:2004, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Waterproofing of concrete bridge decks a
19、nd other concrete surfaces trafficable by vehicles Specimen preparation EN 13416:2001, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing Rules for sampling EN 14695:2010, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Reinforced bitumen sheets for waterproofing of concre
20、te bridge decks and other trafficked areas of concrete Definitions and characteristics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13416:2001, EN 13375:2004, EN 14695:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 crack bridging ability ability of reinforced b
21、itumen sheets to withstand movements of the crack of the base specimen without deterioration 3.2 crack width distance between the sides of the crack of the base specimen, measured by monitoring the movement of the base specimen during the test 3.3 nominal curve input of changes as a function of time
22、 which the crack width of the base specimen shall follow during a test 3.4 completely broken disconnection of the reinforced bitumen sheets above the crack of the base specimen into two completely separated parts 4 Test method 4.1 Principle After applying the reinforced bitumen sheet(s), a crack is
23、induced in the base specimen at the saw-cut. The crack bridging ability of reinforced bitumen sheets is determined by periodically varying the crack width within defined limits. The test can be carried out at different temperatures. BS EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 5 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Temperature
24、 controlled chamber, with an accuracy of 1 C, for the test specimens and the loading parts of the testing apparatus during the test. 4.2.2 Testing apparatus, for generating changes in the crack width, able to control and monitor the crack width of the base specimen during the test. Devices to fix th
25、e test specimens onto the testing apparatus shall not influence the sheet(s). 4.2.3 Crack width measuring device, with an accuracy of 0,01 mm, to control and monitor the crack width during the test. 4.3 Sampling and preparation of test specimens 4.3.1 Sampling Samples and test pieces of the reinforc
26、ed bitumen sheet(s) shall be taken in accordance with EN 13416. 4.3.2 Preparation of test specimens Test specimens of type 1 and 3 according to EN 13375:2004 with the dimensions of (400 5) mm (200 2) mm 40 mm shall be used (see Figure 1). Test specimen preparation is specified as well as specificati
27、ons for concrete base specimen in EN 13375. Test specimens of type 1 are used for waterproofing systems not including an asphalt layer as protection layer. Test specimens of type 3 are used for waterproofing systems including an asphalt layer as protection layer which has the additional function as
28、a waterproofing layer. If the reinforced bitumen sheets have anisotropic properties, the test specimens shall be prepared in such a manner that the direction with lower elongation is tested. NOTE The anisotropic behaviour of reinforced bitumen sheets can be observed by the behaviour during the tensi
29、le test according to EN 12311-1 if the elongation is different between the two principle directions of the sheet. BS EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 6 a) Waterproofing system not including an asphalt layer as protection layer b) Waterproofing system including an asphalt layer as protection layer Key
30、1 Base specimen 2 Waterproofing sheet(s) 3 Asphalt layer 4 Waterproofing system T1 Specimen type 1 T2 Specimen type 2 T3 Specimen type 3 Figure 1 Cross sections through specimens For test specimens of type 1 a saw-cut shall be made without damage to the reinforced bitumen sheet(s) in the underside o
31、f the base specimens as shown in Figure 2. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Base specimen 2 Waterproofing layer 3 Induced crack 4 Saw-cut Figure 2 Test specimen of type 1 prepared for the test BS EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 7 For test specimens of type 3 both the base specimen and the asphalt prot
32、ection layer shall be provided with a saw-cut to create the predetermined breaking point (see Figure 3). Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Base specimen 2 Waterproofing layer 3 Induced crack 4 Saw-cut 5 Asphalt layer (protection layer) Figure 3 Test specimen of type 3 prepared for the test 4.4 Procedu
33、re 4.4.1 Number of tests Three tests shall be carried out for each temperature which is intended to be applied. 4.4.2 Preparation for the test The crack in the base specimen above the saw cut, or the crack between the saw cuts when the protection layer is present, is produced mechanically in the tes
34、ting apparatus, see 4.2.2, at the test temperature by introducing a controlled force in such a way that no bending in the test specimen occurs. The crack width shall not exceed 0,10 mm during this procedure. The test specimen shall be fixed in the testing apparatus in such a way that the relative mo
35、vement of the test specimen and the apparatus is negligible. The method of attachment in the apparatus shall ensure that the applied force acts in the plane of the tested reinforced bitumen sheet(s). Bending shall be prevented during testing. An example for a loading device is given in Figure 4. BS
36、EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 8 Key 1 End plate 2 Waterproofing sheet 3 Screw hole (for transportation) 4 Position sensor 5 Base specimen 6 Traverse 7 Load cell 8 Fixed part 9 Movable part 10 Track 11 Adhesive 12 Position sensor 13 Test specimen (fixed part) 14 Steel mounting plate 15 Test specimen
37、 (movable part) Figure 4 Example of loading device The test equipment shall ensure that the movement of the crack of the base specimen lies within the given limits (change in the crack width) and that fretting and shearing of the crack sides are avoided during the test. BS EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010
38、 (E) 9 Suitable devices for measuring the crack width (see 4.2), accurate to 0,01 mm, shall be mounted on the test specimen on both sides of the crack. These measuring devices shall control the change of the crack width of the base specimen. 4.4.3 Test temperature The test temperature is chosen acco
39、rding to EN 14695 at one of the following temperatures: - 30 C, - 20 C, - 10 C or 0 C with an accuracy of 1 C. Before testing, the test specimens shall be conditioned at the test temperature for at least 4 h and not longer than 24 h. 4.4.4 Running of the test The crack shall be opened to a total wid
40、th of 0,20 mm (mean crack width wm) including the initial crack width after cracking of the test specimen within 60 s. The cyclic change of the crack width shall commence without time interruption following the nominal curve, which is calculated using Equation (1). () = tTwwtwm2sin2(1) Figure 5 demo
41、nstrates the crack width w(t) depending on the time t. Y021304Xw(t)Tw/2Key w Amplitude T Duration of one cycle 1 Mean crack width wm 2 Minimum crack width wmin 3 Maximum crack width wmax 4 Commencement of crack cycling X Time t Y Crack width w(t) Figure 5 Nominal curve The test shall be carried out
42、with the frequency f = 1 Hz (T = 1 s), the half crack amplitude w/2 = (0,12 0,02) mm and the mean crack width wm= (0,20 0,02) mm. The test shall be carried out until 10 000 test cycles have been reached. It shall be stopped if the reinforced bitumen sheet(s) has (have) completely broken before reach
43、ing 10 000 test cycles. At the end of the test the maximum crack width wmax(0,32 0,02) mm shall be fixated before final observations are made. BS EN 14224:2010EN 14224:2010 (E) 10 4.4.5 Observations during the test During the test, the test specimen shall be observed at regular intervals. Each event
44、, which could be of significance for the interpretation or evaluation of the crack bridging ability, shall be recorded. NOTE 1 Such events could be cracks on the underside, debonding, delamination, tears, ripple, reduction of thickness in the crack zone, etc. These events may be recorded by video, p
45、hotograph, sketch or other methods. NOTE 2 The number of test cycles may be recorded if the reinforced bitumen sheet(s) has (have) completely broken (see 4.4.4) before reaching 10 000 test cycles. 4.4.6 Observations after the test: watertightness test When the crack width variation cycles have been
46、completed, the sample shall be reconditioned to ambient temperature at maximum crack width (wmax). A metal or glass cylinder at least 100 mm in diameter and at least 150 mm high shall be centred on the reinforced bitumen sheet(s) above the crack of the base specimen (when testing without asphalt lay
47、er) or the asphalt layer (when testing with an asphalt layer). The gaps between the surface and the cylinder shall be sealed with a suitable sealant. When testing with an asphalt layer, the front and rear gaps of the cut in the asphalt surface of the test specimen, as well as the cut in the asphalt
48、surface, shall be sealed with a suitable sealant too. Pour water into the cylinder (and, when testing with an asphalt layer, into the whole cut in the asphalt) to a height of about 100 mm above the reinforced bitumen sheet(s) and thoroughly check if the test specimen is sufficiently sealed at its en
49、d and around the cylinder. Place a filter paper treated with a moisture indicator under the test specimen, below the cracked area. The moisture indicator shall be a mixture of white (icing) sugar (99,5 %) and methylene blue dye (0,5 %) sieved over a 0,074 mm mesh and dried over calcium chloride in a desiccator. Pull out the paper after (24 0,5) h and visually examine if any coloration has occurred in it. 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Expression of results The t
