1、STD-BSI BS EN LBbL-ENGL 1998 m Lb2gbb9 07394b7 747 BRITISH STANDARD Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and instrument diagrams - Layout and symbols The European Standard EN 1861:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 01.080.30; 27.080; 27.200 BS EN 1861:199
2、8 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW STD*BSI BS EN LBbL-ENGL 1778 E Lb2LibbS 07374b8 b83 D been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Amd. No. Date Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15
3、 December 1998 O BSI 1998 ISBN O 680 30123 O BS EN 1861:1998 Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1861:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/18, Refrigeration safety, which has the responsibility
4、to: - aid enquirem to understand the text; - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the - monitor related international and European developments and promulgate interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK inkrests informed; them in the UK. A list of organizations
5、 represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corre
6、spondence Index“, or by using the “Find“ facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contsact. Users of Brish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
7、of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 28, an Wide back cover and a back cover. STD.BSI BS EN 18b1-ENGL 1778 m Lb24bb 07394b 5LT EUROPEAN nwm EN 1861 NO= EUR0PEE”E EXJROP 27.080; 2
8、7.200 Descriptors: cooling systems, heat pumps, charts, diagrams, graphic symbols, piping, instruments, information, classifications, presentation, selection English version Fkkigerating systems and heat pumps - System flow diagrams and piping and hstrurnent diagrams - Layout and symbols Systkmes de
9、 rfrigration et pompes chaleur - Schmas synoptiques pour mes, tuyauteries et instsum entation - Conguration et symboles Klteanlagen und Wrmepumpen - Systemflef3bilder und Rohrleitungs- und Instmmenteniefibilder - Gestaltung und Symbole This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 March 1998. CEN
10、 members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on appli
11、cation to the Centsal Secretanat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has th
12、e same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committ
13、ee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fhr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1998 CEN Ail rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1861:1998 E STD.BSI BS EN LbL-ENG
14、L L77 D lb2Libb9 0737Li70 231 Page 2 EN 1861:1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENAC 182, Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given
15、to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free We Association, and supports essentiai requirements of EU Directive(s) 1997/23/EC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1
16、998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finlan
17、d, fiance, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Introduction Recognizing the work already done by other committees, the work has been based on the basic series developed for process plants and other re
18、levant symbol standards. The standard will be revised and harmonized with the relevant sandards as soon as these are available. Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 4 Classification, information content and presentation 5 Layout of diagrams 6 Selection of graph
19、ical symbols Annex A (iormative) Examples of flow diagrams for refrigerating systems Annex B (informative) Letter code, general symbols and examples of measurement and control symbois Annex C (ionnative) Bibliography Page 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 23 25 28 O BSI 1998 STD*BSI BS EN LBb3-ENGL 3778 m Lb24bb7 073
20、7473 378 m Page 3 EN 1861:1998 1 scope This European Standard specifies the symbols and drawing niles for system flow diagrams and piping and instrument dia$rams to be applied to refrigerating systems including heat pumps. These diagrams represent the configuration and function of refrigerating syst
21、ems and form a part of the complete technical documentation necessary for designing, construction, instailation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of a refrigerating system. This standard does not apply to refrigerating systems where the heat is extracted by an electrical cir
22、cuit, e.g. Peltiereffect. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These nonnative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed he - piping and insinment diagram (P and
23、 ID) (see 4.3). Flow diagrams shall take into account the functional requirements. The graphical presentation shall be in accordance with clause 6. The routes and the direction of flow shall be indicated by lines and arrows. Ail pressures indicated on flow diagrams unless otherwise stated are absolu
24、te pressures. 4.2 System flow diagram 4.2.1 General The system flow diagram shaii represent a refrigerating system with the aid of graphical symbols interconnected by flow lines (see example in Fgure A. 1). The graphid symbols represent components and the lines represent streams of mass and energy f
25、lows or energy carriers, e.g. pipes or wires. 4.2.2 Basic irlformation The system flow diagram shall use the graphical symbols in accordance with clause 6 and shall at least contain the foilowing information: a) equipment and machinery necessary for the refrigerating system; b) designation and flow
26、rates of in- and outgoing products which can be cooled or heated c) designation of refrigerant, heat transfer medium, absorbant and adsorbant; d) characteristic operating conditions. 4.2.3 Additional irlformation The system flow diagram shall use the graphicd symbols in accordance with clause 6 and
27、can also contain e.g.: a) designation and flow rates of fluids between the process steps; b) essential valves in the logical position with respect to their function; c) functionai demands for measurement and control at essential points; d) supplementary operating conditions; e) characteristic data o
28、f equipment, machinery and other components indicated on the drawing or in separate lists. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN LbL-ENGL 1778 M Lb24bb7 0737472 O04 Page 4 EN 1861:1998 4.3 Piping and instrument diagram (P and ID) 4.3.1 General The piping and instrument diagram (P and ID), based on the system flo
29、w dmgram, shali represent the technical realization of a refrigerating system by means of graphical symbols for equipment, machinery and piping together with gmphica symbols for measurement and control functions (see example in Figure A.2). 4.3.2 Basic iwormation The P and ID shall use the graphical
30、 symbols in accordance with clause 6 and shail at least contain the following information: a) designation of refngerant, heat transfer medium, absorbant and adsorbant; b) characteristic operating conditions; c) equipment, machinery and other components (e.g. drives, piping, conveyors, valves and fit
31、tings) as well as instailed standby equipment; d) characteristic data of equipment, machinery and other components indicated, if necessary, in separate lists; e) size, pressure rating, materiai and type of piping, e.g. by piping number, piping class or identification number, f) thermai insulation; g
32、) measurement and control functions; h) safety equipment. 4.3.3 Additional irlformation The P and ID shall use the graphical symbols in accordance with clause 6 and may also contain e.g.: a) mass flows and charges of refrigerant and heat transfer medium; b) route and direction of flow of refngerant
33、and heat transfer medium; c) data on the construction of piping, equipment, Valves, machinery and the b) 0.5 mm (0,2 nir) for - graphical symbols for equipment and machinery, except valves, fittings and piping accessories; - rectangular boxes for illustrating unit operations, equipment, etc.; - subs
34、idiary flow lines; - energy carrier lines and auxiliary system lines; - graphical symbols for valves, fittings and piping accessories; - symbols for measurement, control functions, safety equipment, control and data transmission lines; - reference lines; - other auxiliary lines. c) 0,25 mm (0,l M fo
35、r: Line widths of less than 0,25 mm (0,l M) sha not be used. 5.3.2 Line spacing The minimum spacing between parallel lines sha not be less than twice the width of the thickest line (see IS0 128), but not less than 1 mm. NOTE A spacing of 10 mm and more is desirable between flow lines. 6.3.3 Directio
36、n offlow Inlet and outlet arrows as shown in IS0 4196 shall be used for inicating the inlet and outlet of streams into or out of the diagram. Arrows shail be incorporated in the line for inicating the direction of the streams within the flow diagram. Arrows shail only be used at the inlets to equipm
37、ent and machhery (except for pumps) and upstream of pipe branches. They shall not touch the outline of the graphical symbols. NOTE If a diagram is comprised of several sheets, it is recommended that incoming and outgoing flow lines or piping of a sheet be drawn in such a manner that the lines contin
38、ue at the same level when the individual sheets are joined together. 5.3.4 Connections Connections between flow lines or piping shali be drawn as shown in Table 1, subject group 1. 5.3.5 Connections of secondarg system lines Secondary system lines shall be shown by short lines with indication of the
39、 direction of flow and reference to the type of energy carrier and possibly drawing number. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN LBbL-ENGL 2998 B Lb24bb9 O739473 T40 Page 5 EN 1861:1998 6.4 Inscriptions 6.4.1 mpe of lettering Lettering of IS0 30981 shall be used. NOTE The use of vertical letter6 type B is recom
40、mended. 6.4.2 Height of lettering The height of letters shall be at least: a) 3,5 mm for identification numbers of major equipment; b) 2,5 mm for other inscriptions. 5.4.3 Arrangement of inscription a) Equipment Identification numbers for equipment shall be clearly allotted to the pertaining graphic
41、al symbol, but shall not be written into it. NOTE Further details (e.g. designation, nominal capacity, pressure, material) can either be placed under the identifcation numbers or indicated in separate tables. b) Flow lim or piping Designation of flow lines or piping shall be written above horizontal
42、 lines, to the left of and parallel to vertical lines. If the beginning and end of flow lines or piping are not immediately recognizable, identical ones shall be indicated by corresponding letters. c) Vves andfittings Designation of valves and fittings shall be written next to the graphical symbol a
43、nd parallel to the direction of flow. d) Measurement and control functions IS0 3511-1 and IS0 35114 shall be used. e) Flow rates, opmting conditions, themzophys.iCal PP - 2 Shutoff valves; - 3 Check valves; - 4: Regulating valves; - 5 Valvedfittings with safety function; - 6 Valve actuators; - 7 Pip
44、e fittings; - 8 Vessels and tanks; - 9 Vessels with intemals, Columns with intern - 11: Heat exchangers; Steam generators; - 12: Filters; Liquid filters; Gas filters, filter-dners; - 13 Separators; - 14 Agitators; - 16 Compressors; Vacuum pumps; Fans; - 17: Lifting, conveying and transport; - 18 Sca
45、les; - 19 Distribution facilities; - 20 Motors, engines, drives. - 15 Liquid pumps; 6.4 Graphical symbols for equipment, machinery and piping The graphical symbols given in Table 1 shall be used. NOTE 1 Graphical symbols are shown in the recommended sizes for flow diagrams (grid module M = 2,5 mm).
46、NOTE 2 Preferred flow line connections to a graphical symbol are indicated by an -I in Table 1. The indicated flow line connections are not a part of the graphical symbol. When flow diagrams are produced by means of computer aided design systems (CAD), flow lines can only be connected to a graphical
47、 symbol at grid points. NOTE 3 The grid underneath the graphical symbol gives an idea of the proporions of the graphical symbol and facilitates its positioning and reproduction. NOTE 4 Graphical symbols may be turned or mirrored, if their meaning does not depend on the orientation. The representatio
48、n of some graphical symbols (e.g. columns, vessels, etc.) should be adjusted to the actual scale with respect to the refrigerating system. NOTE 5 to form more detailed symbols. Symbols from different subject groups can be combined O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN L8bL-ENGL 3998 = Lb24bb9 0739Y7Y 987 = Page
49、6 EN 1861:1998 IS0 basic series Table 1 - Graphical symbols for equipment, machinery and piping Refrigeration series I Examples of application Subject group 1 Piping Refrigerant, refrigerant solutions; main circuit Refrigerant, secondary circuit -.-.-.- Heat transfer medium - Cooling water for condenser -.-.-.- Other substances (e.g oil) Product to be cooled or heated (including water) . .,. _m , Flow/motion in direction of arrow Arrow for inlet or outlet of essential substances 0- _n . -.- . . Piping, heated or mled . m Q- /,y/,/,/, . Piping
