1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1911:2010Stationary source emissions Determination of massconcentration of gaseouschlorides expressed as HCl Standard reference methodBS EN 1911:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNation
2、al forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1911:2010.It supersedes BS EN 1911-1:1998 and BS EN 1911-2:1998 and BS EN1911-3:1998 which are withdrawnThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizatio
3、ns represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 64333 0ICS 13.040.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot c
4、onfer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1911:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1911 August 2010 ICS 1
5、3.040.40 Supersedes EN 1911-1:1998, EN 1911-2:1998, EN 1911-3:1998English Version Stationary source emissions - Determination of mass concentration of gaseous chlorides expressed as HCl - Standard reference method Emissions de sources fixes - Dtermination de la concentration massique en chlorures ga
6、zeux, exprime en HCl - Mthode de rfrence normalise Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von gasfrmigen Chloriden, angegeben als HCl - Standardreferenzverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/C
7、ENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to
8、any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official version
9、s. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slove
10、nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN na
11、tional Members. Ref. No. EN 1911:2010: EBS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 63.1 Terms and definitions .63.2 Abbreviations .94 Principle . 115 Sampling 115.1 Sampling strategy . 115.1.1 Gener
12、al . 115.1.2 Non isokinetic sampling 125.1.3 Isokinetic sampling. 135.1.4 Losses of gaseous chlorides and side reactions during sampling 145.2 Sampling equipment 145.3 Sampling procedure . 185.3.1 Preparation and installation of equipment . 185.3.2 Sampling procedure . 195.3.3 Validation of results
13、. 206 Analysis . 216.1 Introduction . 216.2 Reagents and samples to be analysed . 226.2.1 Reagents for analysis . 226.2.2 Samples to be analysed . 226.3 Silver titration: potentiometric method 226.3.1 Apparatus 226.3.2 Reagents and solutions . 236.3.3 Procedure 236.3.4 Interferences . 236.3.5 Calcul
14、ations . 246.4 Mercuric-thiocyanate spectrophotometry 246.4.1 Warning 246.4.2 Apparatus 246.4.3 Reagents 246.4.4 Procedure 256.4.5 Interferences . 256.4.6 Calculations . 266.5 Ion-exchange chromatography . 267 Expression of results . 278 Determination of the characteristics of the method: sampling a
15、nd analysis. 288.1 General . 288.2 Relevant performance characteristics of the method and performance criteria . 288.2.1 General . 288.2.2 Sampling procedure . 288.2.3 Analyse procedure 298.3 Establishment of the uncertainty budget . 309 Measurement report . 31BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 3 Annex
16、 A (informative) Examples of absorbers 32Annex B (informative) Comparison between mercuric-thiocyanate spectrophotometry and ion exchange chromatography method (methods B and C) . 34Annex C (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of the reference method for chlorides . 35C.1 General . 35C.
17、2 Process of uncertainty estimation . 35C.3 Specific conditions in the field 36C.4 Performance characteristics of the method . 37C.5 Calculation of standard uncertainty of concentration measured. 38C.6 Calculation of the overall (or expanded) uncertainty 41C.7 Uncertainty associated to the mass conc
18、entration of gaseous chlorides at O2reference concentration . 41Annex D (informative) Performance characteristics of the whole measurement method 43D.1 Analytical detection limit of the method . 43D.2 Repeatability and reproducibility of the method in the field . 43Annex E (informative) Significant
19、technical changes . 45Bibliography 46BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1911:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
20、publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or C
21、ENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1911-1:1998, EN 1911-2:1998 and EN 1911-3:1998. Annex E provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENE
22、LEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuani
23、a, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard describes the Standard Reference Method (SRM) with three alternative analytical technique
24、s for determining gaseous chlorides content emitting to atmosphere from ducts and stacks. The specific components and the requirements for the measuring system are described. A number of performance characteristics with associated minimum performance criteria are specified for the measuring system (
25、see Tables 1 and 2 in 8.2). This European Standard can be used as an SRM provided the overall uncertainty of the method is less than 30,0 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV) for incineration and large combustion plants or at the ELV prescribed by the specific regulations for other pla
26、nts. An Alternative Method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to CEN/TS 14793. BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope The method described in this European Standard determines the concentration of chlorinated compounds in a flue gas that after pas
27、sage of the sampling system including a particle filter give Cl-ions in the absorption solution. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration. The method applies to waste gases in which chlorides concentration expressed as HCl may vary between 1 mgm-3and
28、 5 000 mgm-3under normal pressure and temperature conditions (see Note 1), and according to emission limit values laid down, for example, in the Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants. NOTE 1 The limit values of this European Standard are expressed in mgHCl/m3, on dry basis, at th
29、e reference conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa and at the reference O2concentration. NOTE 2 The required uncertainty results from the capacity of the method tested in the field (Annex D) and in the laboratory (see performance characteristics in Tables 1 and 2 and Annex C). 2 Normative references The
30、following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13284-1:2001, Stationary source emissions Determin
31、ation of low range mass concentration of dust Part 1: Manual gravimetric method ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainly in measurement EN 15259:2007, Air quality Measurement of stationary source emissions Requirements for measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, pl
32、an and report EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) EN ISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and su
33、lfate (ISO 10304-1:2007) EN ISO 14956, Air quality Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms a
34、nd definitions apply. 3.1.1 absorber device in which gaseous chloride is absorbed into an absorption solution 3.1.2 chemical blank chloride ion content of an unexposed sample of the absorption solution, plus reagents that are added to the solution before analysis if necessary BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:
35、2010 (E) 7 3.1.3 analytical detection limit DLconcentration value of the measurand below which there is at least 95 % level of confidence that the measured value corresponds to a sample free of that measurand 3.1.4 field blank value determined by a specific procedure used to ensure that no significa
36、nt contamination has occurred during all steps of the measurement and to check that the operator can achieve a quantification level adapted to the task 3.1.5 isokinetic sampling sampling at a rate such that the velocity and direction of the gas entering the sampling nozzle is the same as that of the
37、 gas in the duct at the sampling point EN 13284-1:2001 3.1.6 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.6 3.1.7 measurement series several successive measurements carried out on the same sampling plane and at the same process operating conditions EN 13284-1:2001 3.
38、1.8 performance characteristic one of the quantities (described by values, tolerances, range, etc.) assigned to equipment in order to define its performance 3.1.9 analytical repeatability closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out unde
39、r the same conditions of measurement NOTE 1 Analytical repeatability conditions include: the same measurement procedure; the same laboratory; the same sampling equipment, used under the same conditions and at the same location; repetition over a short period of time. NOTE 2 Analytical repeatability
40、may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results. ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 3.6 NOTE 3 In this European Standard the analytical repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 8 3.1.10 repeatability in th
41、e field closeness of the agreement between the results of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand carried out with two sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement NOTE 1 These conditions include: the same measurement procedure; two sets of equipment, the performances of which
42、are fulfilling the requirements of the reference method, used under the same conditions; the same location; implemented by the same laboratory; typically calculated over short periods of time in order to avoid the effect of changes of influence parameters (e.g. 30 min). NOTE 2 Repeatability may be e
43、xpressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results. NOTE 3 In this European Standard the repeatability under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. 3.1.11 reproducibility in the field closeness of the agreement between the results
44、of simultaneous measurements of the same measurand carried out with several sets of equipment under the same conditions of measurement NOTE 1 These conditions are called field reproducibility conditions and include: the same measurement procedure; several sets of equipment, the performance of which
45、fulfils the requirements of the reference method, used under the same conditions; the same location; implemented by several laboratories. NOTE 2 Reproducibility may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results. NOTE 3 In this European Standard the reproducibi
46、lity under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. 3.1.12 sampling location specific area close to the sampling plane where the measurement devices are set up 3.1.13 sampling plane plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position EN 13284-1:200
47、1 3.1.14 sampling point specific position on a sampling plane at which a sample is extracted BS EN 1911:2010EN 1911:2010 (E) 9 EN 13284-1:2001 3.1.15 standard reference method SRM measurement method recognised by experts and taken as a reference by convention, which gives, or is presumed to give, th
48、e accepted reference value of the concentration of the measurand to be measured 3.1.16 uncertainty parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand 3.1.17 standard uncertainty u uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation 3.1.18 expanded uncertainty U quantity defining a level of confidence about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a specific fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed
