1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1997-1:2004Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rulesICS 91.010.30; 93.020g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g
2、47g36g58Incorporating corrigendum February 2009BS EN 1997-1:2004 +A1:2013Incorporating corrigendum February 2009BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013ISBN 978 0 580 80773 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 January 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum February 200931 July 2014 Implem
3、entation of CEN amendment A1:2013This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 December 2004 The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation o
4、f EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013, incorporating corrigendum February 2009. It supersedes BS EN 1997-1:2004, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum February 2009 is indicated in the text by .The st
5、art and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by .EN 1997-1 was published as a British Standard in 2004, and the UK Nati
6、onal Annex was added in 2007. Part 2 of Eurocode 7, EN 1997-2 was published in 2007 followed by its UK National Annex in 2009. Older related British Standards have been withdrawn or revised as noted below. The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) published a letter, dated 29 Januar
7、y 2010, which explains how this relates to Building Regulations in England and Wales and discusses the use of both current and withdrawn standards (http:/munities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/1454859.pdf). Only BS EN 1997 Parts 1 and 2 are listed under “Geotechnical work and foundations”
8、 in UK Building Regulations Approved Document A, as amended in 2013.The following British Standards were withdrawn on 31 March 2010: BS 8002:1994, Code of practice for earth retaining structures; BS 8004:1986, Code of practice for foundations.Withdrawal means that these documents are no longer curre
9、nt British Standards and are not maintained by BSI, though they will remain available for purchase. It is planned that extensively revised versions of BS 8002 and BS 8004 will be published in 2015.The following British Standards have been retained after extensive revision to update them and make the
10、m more compatible with Eurocodes: BS 5930:1999+A2:2010, Code of practice for site investigations; BS 6031:2009, Code of practice for earthworks; BS 8006-1:2010, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other fills; BS 8006-2:2011, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils Part
11、 2: Soil nail design.It is possible that further changes will be made to these standards, or they could be withdrawn, depending on future development of Eurocodes. (The letter of DCLG dated 29 January 2010 incorrectly states that BS 8006:1995 was to be withdrawn on 31 March 2010. BS 8006:1995 was wi
12、thdrawn on 31 December 2011.)BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013The following British Standards remain current: BS 8081:1989, Code of practice for ground anchorages.(The letter of DCLG dated 29 January 2010 incorrectly states that this standard was to be withdrawn on 31 March 2010.) It is planned that an exte
13、nsively revised version of BS 8081 will be published in 2015. BS 8008:1996+A1:2008, Safety precautions and procedures for the construction and descent of machine-bored shafts for piling and other purposes.The usage of BS 8081:1989 is limited, as noted in the National Annex. BS 8008:1996 contains non
14、-contradictory complementary information as stated in the National Annex.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Where a normative part of this EN
15、 allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular a
16、pplication rule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1997-1 to be used in the UK, the NDPs are published in the National Annex.The publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British
17、 Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1997-1 November 2004 ICS 91.120.20 Supersedes ENV 1997-1:1994 English version Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules Eurocode 7: Calcul gotechnique - Partie 1: Rgles gnr
18、ales Eurocode 7: Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the
19、 status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German)
20、. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar
21、k, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPI
22、SCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1997-1:2004: EEN 1997-1:2004+A1November 2013BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013EN 1997-1:2004+A1:20132Conten
23、tsForeword 5Section 1 General 91.1 Scope . 91.2 Normative references. 101.3 Assumptions 111.4 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules111.5 Definitions . 121.6 Symbols 13Section 2 Basis of geotechnical design 202.1 Design requirements 202.2 Design situations 222.3 Durability 232.4 Geotec
24、hnical design by calculation . 242.5 Design by prescriptive measures 362.6 Load tests and tests on experimental models . 372.7 Observational method 372.8 Geotechnical Design Report 37Section 3 Geotechnical data 393.1 General . 393.2 Geotechnical investigations . 393.3 Evaluation of geotechnical para
25、meters . 403.4 Ground Investigation Report 48Section 4 Supervision of construction, monitoring and maintenance 504.1 General . 504.2 Supervision. 504.3 Checking ground conditions 524.4 Checking construction 534.5 Monitoring . 544.6 Maintenance . 55Section 5 Fill, dewatering, ground improvement and r
26、einforcement 565.1 General . 565.2 Fundamental requirements 565.3 Fill construction 565.4 Dewatering . 605.5 Ground improvement and reinforcement 61Section 6 Spread foundations 626.1 General . 626.2 Limit states . 626.3 Actions and design situations 626.4 Design and construction considerations 626.5
27、 Ultimate limit state design 636.6 Serviceability limit state design 666.7 Foundations on rock; additional design considerations 686.8 Structural design of spread foundations 696.9 Preparation of the subsoil 69Section 7 Pile foundations 717.1 General . 717.2 Limit states . 717.3 Actions and design s
28、ituations 71BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013EN 1997-1:2004+A1:201337.4 Design methods and design considerations . 737.5 Pile load tests . 757.6 Axially loaded piles. 777.7 Transversely loaded piles 877.8 Structural design of piles 897.9 Supervision of construction 89Section 8 Anchors 928.1 General . 928.2
29、Limit states . 938.3 Design situations and actions 948.4 Design and construction considerations 948.5 Limit state design of anchors . 958.6 Tests on anchors 978.7 Lock-off load for pre-stressed anchors 988.8 Supervision, monitoring and maintenance 98Section 9 Retaining structures 999.1 General . 999
30、.2 Limit states . 999.3 Actions, geometrical data and design situations . 1009.4 Design and construction considerations 1039.5 Determination of earth pressures 1049.6 Water pressures . 1079.7 Ultimate limit state design 1079.8 Serviceability limit state design .111Section 10 Hydraulic failure 11310.
31、1 General 11310.2 Failure by uplift 11410.3 Failure by heave11610.4 Internal erosion .11610.5 Failure by piping 117Section 11 Overall stability 11911.1 General 11911.2 Limit states 11911.3 Actions and design situations .11911.4 Design and construction considerations 12011.5 Ultimate limit state desi
32、gn 12111.6 Serviceability limit state design 12311.7 Monitoring . 123Section 12 Embankments 12512.1 General . 12512.2 Limit states . 12512.3 Actions and design situations 12512.4 Design and construction considerations 12612.5 Ultimate limit state design 12712.6 Serviceability limit state design 1281
33、2.7 Supervision and monitoring . 128Annex A (normative) Partial and correlation factors for ultimate and serviceability limit states and recommended values 130Annex B (informative) Background information on partial factors for Design Approaches 1, 2 and 3 140Annex C (informative) Sample procedures t
34、o determine limit values of earth pressures on vertical walls 143Annex D (informative) A sample analytical method for bearing resistance calculation 159BS EN 1997-1:2004+A1:2013EN 1997-1:2004+A1:20134Annex E (informative) A sample semi-empirical method for bearing resistance estimation 162Annex F (i
35、nformative) Sample methods for settlement evaluation 163Annex G (informative) A sample method for deriving presumed bearing resistance for spread foundations on rock 165Annex H (informative) Limiting values of structural deformation and foundation movement 167Annex J (informative) Checklist for cons
36、truction supervision and performance monitoring 169EN -7991:1(4002E) 5Foreword This document (EN 1997-1) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard
37、shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text, or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 1997-1:1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
38、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, P
39、oland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background to the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme wa
40、s the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alter
41、native to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of E
42、uropean codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Counci
