1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1999-1-1:2007Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Part 1-1: General structural rulesICS 77.150.10; 91.010.30; 91.080.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g
2、3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58+A1:2009 BS EN 1991-1-1:2007 +A2:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 1999-1-1:2007 which is withdrawn. Details of superseded British Standards are given in the table below.
3、The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping
4、 Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the
5、 end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available.Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a further coexistence period of a maximum three years. During the coexisten
6、ce period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistence period in March 2010. At the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn.In the UK, the following national standards a
7、re superseded by the Eurocode 9 series. These standards will be withdrawn on a date to be announced.Eurocode Superseded British StandardsEN 1999-1-1 BS 8118-2:1991DD ENV 1999-1-1:2000BS 8118-1:1991 (partial)EN 1999-1-2 DD ENV 1999-1-2:2000EN 1999-1-3 DD ENV 1999-2:2000BS 8118-1:1991 (partial)EN 1999
8、-1-4 BS 8118-1:1991 (partial)EN 1999-1-5 NoneThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/9, Structural use of aluminium.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on re
9、quest to its secretary.Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specif
10、ic level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1999-1-1 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place.This publ
11、ication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009This British Standard was published under the authority of the
12、 Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 70199 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 March 2010 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009BS EN 1991-1-1:2007+A2:2013ISBN 978 0 580 80774 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDat
13、e Comments31 March 2010 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:200928 February 2014 Implementation of CEN amendment A2:2013This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Sta
14、ndards Limited 2014EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013. It supersedes BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009 which is withdrawn. Details of superseded British Standards are given in the table below.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORME
15、N 1999-1-1:2007+A1June 2009ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10 Supersedes ENV 1999-1-1:1998 English VersionEurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-1: Generalstructural rulesEurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium - Partie 1-1: Rgles gnralesEurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion vonAluminiumt
16、ragwerken - Teil 1-1: AllgemeineBemessungsregelnThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alte
17、ration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by trans
18、lationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, G
19、reece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement
20、 Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1999-1-1:2007: EEN 1999-1-1:2007+A2December 20132 Content Page Foreword 7 1 General . 11 1.1 Scope . 11 1.1.1 Scope of EN 1999 11 1.1.2
21、 Scope of EN 1999-1-1. 11 1.2 Normative references. 12 1.2.1 General references. 12 1.2.2 References on structural design. 12 1.2.3 References on aluminium alloys 13 1.2.4 References on welding. 15 1.2.5 Other references. 15 1.3 Assumptions 16 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules
22、 16 1.5 Terms and definitions 16 1.6 Symbols. 17 1.7 Conventions for member axes. 27 1.8 Specification for execution of the work. 27 2 Basis of design 29 2.1 Requirements. 29 2.1.1 Basic requirements. 29 2.1.2 Reliability management. 29 2.1.3 Design working life, durability and robustness. 29 2.2 Pr
23、inciples of limit state design. 29 2.3 Basic variables. 30 2.3.1 Actions and environmental influences. 30 2.3.2 Material and product properties. 30 2.4 Verification by the partial factor method. 30 2.4.1 Design value of material properties. 30 2.4.2 Design value of geometrical data 30 2.4.3 Design r
24、esistances 30 2.4.4 Verification of static equilibrium (EQU). 31 2.5 Design assisted by testing 31 3 Materials. 32 3.1 General. 32 3.2 Structural aluminium. 32 3.2.1 Range of materials. 32 3.2.2 Material properties for wrought aluminium alloys 33 3.2.3 Material properties for cast aluminium alloys.
25、3 3.2.4 Dimensions, mass and tolerances 37 3.2.5 Design values of material constants. 37 3.3 Connecting devices 38 3.3.1 General. 38 3.3.2 Bolts, nuts and washers 38 3.3.3 Rivets. 39 3.3.4 Welding consumables 40 3.3.5 Adhesives. 42 4 Durability . 42 5 Structural analysis. 43 5.1 Structural modelling
26、 for analysis. 43 5.1.1 Structural modelling and basic assumptions 43 5.1.2 Joint modelling 43 5.1.3 Ground-structure interaction 43 5.2 Global analysis 43 BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009 (E)72BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013 (E)3 5.2.1 Effects of deformed geom
27、etry of the structure.43 5.2.2 Structural stability of frames44 5.3 Imperfections45 5.3.1 Basis.45 5.3.2 Imperfections for global analysis of frames.45 5.3.3 Imperfection for analysis of bracing systems.49 5.3.4 Member imperfections .52 5.4 Methods of analysis52 5.4.1 General.52 5.4.2 Elastic global
28、 analysis52 5.4.3 Plastic global analysis 52 6 Ultimate limit states for members.53 6.1 Basis.53 6.1.1 General.53 6.1.2 Characteristic value of strength53 6.1.3 Partial safety factors.53 6.1.4 Classification of cross-sections53 6.1.5 Local buckling resistance.58 6.1.6 HAZ softening adjacent to welds
29、.59 6.2 Resistance of cross-sections.61 6.2.1 General.61 6.2.2 Section properties.62 6.2.3 Tension.63 6.2.4 Compression.64 6.2.5 Bending moment 64 6.2.6 Shear.66 6.2.7 Torsion67 6.2.8 Bending and shear69 6.2.9 Bending and axial force69 6.2.10 Bending, shear and axial force.71 6.2.11 Web bearing .71
30、6.3 Buckling resistance of members.71 6.3.1 Members in compression71 6.3.2 Members in bending.75 6.3.3 Members in bending and axial compression77 6.4 Uniform built-up members.80 6.4.1 General.80 6.4.2 Laced compression members .82 6.4.3 Battened compression members.83 6.4.4 Closely spaced built-up m
31、embers.85 6.5 Un-stiffened plates under in-plane loading85 6.5.1 General.85 6.5.2 Resistance under uniform compression86 6.5.3 Resistance under in-plane moment.87 6.5.4 Resistance under transverse or longitudinal stress gradient.88 6.5.5 Resistance under shear .88 6.5.6 Resistance under combined act
32、ion.89 6.6 Stiffened plates under in-plane loading89 6.6.1 General.89 6.6.2 Stiffened plates under uniform compression90 6.6.3 Stiffened plates under in-plane moment.92 6.6.4 Longitudinal stress gradient on multi-stiffened plates .92 6.6.5 Multi-stiffened plating in shear93 6.6.6 Buckling load for o
33、rthotropic plates.93 6.7 Plate girders96 6.7.1 General.96 6.7.2 Resistance of girders under in-plane bending.96 6.7.3 Resistance of girders with longitudinal web stiffeners.97 BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009 (E)3BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013 (E)8181848686909
34、09193944 6.7.4 Resistance to shear. 98 6.7.5 Resistance to transverse loads . 102 6.7.6 Interaction 105 6.7.7 Flange induced buckling 106 6.7.8 Web stiffeners 106 6.8 Members with corrugated webs. 108 6.8.1 Bending moment resistance. 108 6.8.2 Shear force resistance 108 7 Serviceability Limit States
35、 110 7.1 General. 110 7.2 Serviceability limit states for buildings. 110 7.2.1 Vertical deflections 110 7.2.2 Horizontal deflections 110 7.2.3 Dynamic effects. 110 7.2.4 Calculation of elastic deflection 110 8 Design of joints. 111 8.1 Basis of design. 111 8.1.1 Introduction . 111 8.1.2 Applied forc
36、es and moments. 111 8.1.3 Resistance of joints 111 8.1.4 Design assumptions. 112 8.1.5 Fabrication and execution 112 8.2 Intersections for bolted, riveted and welded joints 112 8.3 Joints loaded in shear subject to impact, vibration and/or load reversal . 113 8.4 Classification of joints. 113 8.5 Co
37、nnections made with bolts, rivets and pins . 113 8.5.1 Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets 113 8.5.2 Deductions for fastener holes 116 8.5.3 Categories of bolted connections. 117 8.5.4 Distribution of forces between fasteners . 119 8.5.5 Design resistances of bolts. 120 8.5.6 Design resistance
38、 of rivets. 122 8.5.7 Countersunk bolts and rivets . 123 8.5.8 Hollow rivets and rivets with mandrel. 123 8.5.9 High strength bolts in slip-resistant connections. 123 8.5.10 Prying forces 125 8.5.11 Long joints. 125 8.5.12 Single lap joints with fasteners in one row 126 8.5.13 Fasteners through pack
39、ings 126 8.5.14 Pin connections 126 8.6 Welded connections. 129 8.6.1 General. 129 8.6.2 Heat-affected zone (HAZ). 129 8.6.3 Design of welded connections. 129 8.7 Hybrid connections 136 8.8 Adhesive bonded connections. 136 8.9 Other joining methods. 136 Annex A normative Execution classes 137 Annex
40、B normative - Equivalent T-stub in tension 140 B.1 General rules for evaluation of resistance. 140 B.2 Individual bolt-row, bolt-groups and groups of bolt-rows 144 Annex C informative - Materials selection. 146 C.1 General. 146 C.2 Wrought products 146 C.2.1 Wrought heat treatable alloys 146 BS EN 1
41、999-1-1:2007+A1:2009EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009 (E)4BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013 (E)5 C.2.2 Wrought non-heat treatable alloys149 C.3 Cast products150 C.3.1 General . .150 C.3.2Heat treatable casting alloys EN AC-42100, EN AC-42200, EN AC-43000 and150EN AC-43300.150 C.3.3 Non-heat
42、 treatable casting alloys EN AC-44200 and EN AC-51300.150 C.3.4 Special design rules for castings.150 C.4 Connecting devices.152 C.4.1 Aluminium bolts.152 C.4.2 Aluminium rivets152 Annex D informative Corrosion and surface protection.153 D.1 Corrosion of aluminium under various exposure conditions15
43、3 D.2 Durability ratings of aluminium alloys.153 D.3 Corrosion protection.154 D.3.1 General.154 D.3.2Overall corrosion protection of structural aluminium154D.3.3 Aluminium in contact with aluminium and other metals.155 D.3.4 Aluminium surfaces in contact with non-metallic materials155 Annex E inform
44、ative - Analytical models for stress strain relationship160 E.1 Scope160 E.2 Analytical models.160 E.2.1 Piecewise linear models .160 E.2.2 Continuous models.162 E.3 Approximate evaluation of u.165 Annex F informative - Behaviour of cross-sections beyond the elastic limit.166 F.1 General.166 F.2 Def
45、inition of cross-section limit states.166 F.3 Classification of cross-sections according to limit states.166 F.4 Evaluation of ultimate axial load167 F.5 Evaluation of ultimate bending moment 168 Annex G informative - Rotation capacity.170Annex H informative - Plastic hinge method for continuous bea
46、ms172Annex I informative - Lateral torsional buckling of beams and torsional or torsional-flexural buckling of compressed members.174I.1 Elastic critical moment and slenderness.174I.1.1 Basis .174I.1.2 General formula for beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about the minor or major axis 17
47、4I.1.3 Beams with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about major axis, centrally symmetric and doubly symmetric cross-sections179I.1.4 Cantilevers with uniform cross-sections symmetrical about the minor axis .180I.2 Slenderness for lateral torsional buckling182I.3 Elastic critical axial force for to
48、rsional and torsional-flexural buckling184I.4 Slenderness for torsional and torsional-flexural buckling185Annex J informative - Properties of cross sections190J.1 Torsion constant It190J.2 Position of shear centre S.190J.3 Warping constant Iw.190J.4 Cross section constants for open thin-walled cross
49、 sections194J.5 Cross section constants for open cross section with branches196J.6 Torsion constant and shear centre of cross section with closed part196Annex K informative - Shear lag effects in member design197BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009EN 1999-1-1:2007+A1:2009 (E)5BS EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013EN 1999-1-1:2007+A2:2013 (E)6 K.1 General. 197 K.2 Effective width for elastic shear lag 197 K.2.1 Effective width factor for shear lag. 197 K.2.2 Stre
