1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1999-1-3:2007Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigueICS 77.150.10; 91.010.30; 91.080.10nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnu
2、ll nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull+A1:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011. It supersedes BS EN 1999-1-3:2007 which is withdrawn. Details of superseded British Standard
3、s are given in the table below.Please note that the UK National Annex to BS EN 1999-1-3:2007 should only be used with BS EN 1999-1-3:2007 and not with BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011. The UK National Annex is currently being amended so that it is aligned with the text of BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011.The
4、start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eur
5、ocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium.In the UK, the following national standards are superseded by the Eurocode 9 series and are withdrawn.Eurocode Superseded British StandardsEN 1999-1-1 BS 8118-2:1991 DD ENV 1999-1-1:20
6、00 BS 8118-1:1991 (partial)EN 1999-1-2 DD ENV 1999-1-2:2000EN 1999-1-3 DD ENV 1999-2:2000 BS 8118-1:1991 (partial)EN 1999-1-4 BS 8118-1:1991 (partial)EN 1999-1-5 NoneThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subc
7、ommittee B/525/9, Structural use of aluminium.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, a
8、nd a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1999-1-3 to be used in the UK, the NDPs have been published
9、in a National Annex, which is available from BSI.BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 December 2011 Implementation of
10、CEN amendment A1:2011ISBN 978 0 580 77331 0This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011iThis page
11、 deliberately set blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1999-1-3:2007/A1 August 2011 ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10 English Version Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures - Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue Eurocode 9: Calcul des structures en aluminium - Partie 1-3: Stru
12、ctures sensibles la fatigue Eurocode 9: Bemessung und Konstruktion von Aluminiumtragwerken - Teil 1-3: Ermdungsbeanspruchte Tragwerke This amendment A1 modifies the European Standard EN 1999-1-3:2007; it was approved by CEN on 26 May 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Interna
13、l Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CE
14、N member. This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN
15、 members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, S
16、pain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
17、 Members. Ref. No. EN 1999-1-3:2007/A1:2011: E2Contents PageForeword51General91.1 Scope91.1.1 Scopeof EN 1999.91.1.2 Scopeof EN 1999-1-391.2 Normativereferences101.3 Assumptions101.4 Distinctionbetween principlesandapplicationrules111.5 Termsanddefinitions.111.5.1General111.5.2 Additionaltermsused i
18、n EN 1999-1-3.111.6 Symbols141.7 Specificationforexecution.161.7.1 Executionspecification.161.7.2 Operationmanual161.7.3 Inspectionandmaintenancemanual.162Basis ofdesign172.1 General172.1.1 Basic requirements172.2 Proceduresforfatiguedesign172.2.1 Safelifedesign.172.2.2 Damagetolerant design182.2.3D
19、esign assisted bytesting.192.32.3.1 Sourcesof fatigueloading192.3.2 Derivation of fatigueloading192.3.3 Equivalent fatigueloading202.4 Partialfactorsforfatigue loads203Materials,constituent productsand connecting devices.214Durability215Structuralanalysis.225.1 Globalanalysis.225.1.1 General225.1.2
20、Useofbeamelements.235.1.3 Useofmembrane, shellandsolid elements.235.2 Typesofstresses.245.2.1 General245.2.2 Nominalstresses.245.2.3 Modified nominalstresses245.2.4 Hotspotstresses.255.3 Derivationofstresses.275.3.1 Derivationofnominal stresses275.3.2 Derivationofmodified nominalstresses275.3.3Deriv
21、ationofhotspotstresses285.3.4 Stressorientation285.4 Stressrangesfor specific initiationsites.285.4.1 Parentmaterial,welds, andmechanicallyfastened joints285.4.2 Fillet andpartialpenetrationbuttwelds285.5 Adhesivebonds.295.6 Castings29BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 (E)Fatiguelo
22、ading192.5 Execution requirements . 2135.7 Stressspectra295.8 Calculationofequivalentstressrangeforstandardised fatigueloadmodels.295.8.1 General.295.8.2 Designvalueofstressrange.306Fatigueresistanceanddetailcategories316.1 Detailcategories316.1.1 General.316.1.2 Factorsaffectingdetail category.316.
23、1.3 Constructionaldetails.316.2 Fatiguestrengthdata326.2.1 Classified constructionaldetails.326.2.2Unclassified details.346.2.3 Adhesivelybonded joints.346.2.4 Determinationofthereferencehotspotstrengthvalues.346.3 Effect ofmean stress346.3.1General.346.3.2 Plain materialandmechanicallyfastened join
24、ts.356.3.3 Welded joints.356.3.4 Adhesivejoints356.3.5 Low endurancerange.356.3.6 Cycle countingforR-ratiocalculations356.4 Effect ofexposureconditions356.5 Improvementtechniques36AnnexAnormative:Basisforcalculationoffatigueresistance37A.1General.37A.1.1Influenceoffatigueondesign.37A.1.2Mechanism of
25、failure.37A.1.3Potentialsitesforfatiguecracking37A.1.4Conditionsforfatiguesusceptibility.38A.2Safelifedesign38A.2.1Prerequisitesfor safelifedesign.38A.2.2Cycle counting.39A.2.3Derivationofstressspectrum39A.3Damagetolerantdesign42A.3.1Prerequisitesfordamage tolerantdesign42A.3.2Determinationofinspect
26、ionstrategyfor damagetolerantdesign42AnnexBinformative:Guidanceonassessmentofcrackgrowthbyfracturemechanics.45B.1Scope45B.2Principles.45B.2.1 Flaw dimensions45B.2.2 Crackgrowthrelationship46B.3Crackgrowthdata A and m 46B.4Geometryfunctiony48B.5Integrationofcrack growth48B.6Assessmentofmaximum cracks
27、ize a 2 48AnnexCinformative:Testingforfatiguedesign58C.1General.58C.2Derivationofactionloadingdata.58C.2.1 Fixed structures subjecttomechanical action58C.2.2 Fixed structures subjecttoactionsdueto exposureconditions59C.2.3 Movingstructures.59C.3Derivationofstressdata59C.3.1 Componenttest data.59C.3.
28、2 Structuretest data.60C.3.3 Verificationofstress history60C.4Derivationofendurancedata.60C.4.1 Componenttesting60C.4.2 Fullscaletesting.61BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 (E)4C.4.3 Acceptance.61C.5Crackgrowthdata64C.6Reporting64AnnexDinformative:Stress analysis65D.1Useoffiniteel
29、ements forfatigueanalysis65D.1.1 Elementtypes.65D.1.2 Furtherguidanceonuse offiniteelements66D.2Stressconcentrationfactors66D.3Limitationoffatigueinduced byrepeated localbuckling.68AnnexEinformative:Adhesivelybonded joints.69AnnexFinformative:Low cyclefatiguerange71F.1Introduction71F.2Modificationto
30、 - N curves.71F.3Test data.71AnnexGinformative:InfluenceofR-ratio.73G.1Enhancementoffatiguestrength.73G.2Enhancementcases73G.2.1 Case 1.73G.2.2 Case 2.74G.2.3 Case 3.74AnnexHinformative:Fatiguestrengthimprovementofwelds.75H.1General75H.2Machiningorgrinding.75H.3DressingbyTIG orplasma.76H.4Peening.76
31、AnnexIinformative:Castings.77I.1 General77I.2 Fatiguestrengthdata77I.2.1 Plain castings.77I.2.2 Welded material.77I.2.3 Mechanicallyjoinedcastings.77I.2.4 Adhesivelybonded castings78I.3 Qualityrequirements.78AnnexJinformative:Detailcategorytables.79J.1 General79AnnexKinformative:Hotspotreferencedeta
32、ilmethod95Bibliography.103Annex L informative: Guidance on use of design methods, damage values, inspection intervals and execution parameters when Annex J is adopted.96 selection of partial factors, limits forL.1 Safe life method96 L.2 Damage tolerant design method.96 L.2.1 General L.2.2 DTD-I L.2.
33、3 DTD-II. L.3 Start of inspection and inspection intervals98 L.4 Partialf actors Mfand the values of DLimL.5 Parameters for execution.100 L.5.1 Service category100 L.5.2 Calculation of utilisation grade.101 .96.97.9799BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 (E)5ForewordThis document (EN
34、1999-1-3:2007) has beenpreparedbyTechnical Committee CEN/TC 250“StructuralEurocodes”,the secretariatofwhich is held by BSI.This European Standardshallbegiven the status of anationalstandard, either by publication of an identicaltextorbyendorsement, at thelatestbyNovember 2007, andconflicting nationa
35、lstandards shallbewithdrawnat thelatestbyMarch 2010.This European Standardsupersedes ENV1999-2: 1998.According to theCEN/CENELEC InternalRegulations, the nationalstandards organizationsofthe followingcountriesare boundtoimplement thisEuropean Standard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus, CzechRepublic,D
36、enmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Lithuania,Luxemburg, Malta,Netherlands,Norway, Poland,Portugal,Romania, Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Background totheEurocode programmeIn 1975,the Commission of theEuropea
37、nCommunity decidedonanactionprogramme in thefield ofconstruction, basedonarticle 95 of the Treaty. Theobjective of theprogramme wasthe elimination oftechnicalobstaclestotrade and the harmonisation of technicalspecifications.Withinthisactionprogramme,the Commission took theinitiativetoestablishasetof
38、harmonisedtechnicalrulesfor the designofconstruction works, whichinafirst stage wouldserve as an alternative to thenationalrulesinforce in theMember States and,ultimately, wouldreplacethem.Forfifteen years, theCommission, with thehelpofaSteeringCommittee with RepresentativesofMemberStates,conducted
39、thedevelopment of the Eurocodes programme,which ledtothe first generation ofEuropean codes in the1980s.In 1989, theCommission and theMember States of theEUand EFTA decided, on thebasis of anagreement1) between theCommission and CEN, to transferthe preparation andthe publication of theEurocodestothe
40、CENthrough aseriesofMandates,inorder to providethem with afuturestatus of EuropeanStandard(EN). This links de factothe Eurocodes withthe provisions of allthe Councils Directives and/orCommissionsDecisions dealingwithEuropeanstandards (e.g.the Council Directive89/106/EEC onconstruction products CPD a
41、nd Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and89/440/EEConpublicworksand services andequivalent EFTA Directives initiatedinpursuit of setting up the internalmarket).TheStructural Eurocode programme comprisesthe followingstandards generally consistingofanumber ofParts:EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of str
42、uctural designEN 1991 Eurocode 1: ActionsonstructuresEN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structuresEN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steelstructures1) Agreement between theCommissionofthe European Communities and theEuropeanCommitteefor Standardisation (CEN)concerning theworkonEUROCODESfor thedesigno
43、fbuildingand civilengineeringworks (BC/CEN/03/89).BS EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 EN 1999-1-3:2007+A1:2011 (E)6EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of compositesteel andconcrete structuresEN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structuresEN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonrystructuresEN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical
44、designEN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures forearthquake resistanceEN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminiumstructuresEurocode standards recognisethe responsibilityofregulatoryauthoritiesineachMember State andhavesafeguarded their righttodetermine values relatedtoregulatorysafetymattersatnationall
45、evel wherethesecontinuetovaryfromState to State.Status andfieldofapplicationofEurocodesTheMember States of the EU andEFTArecognise that Eurocodesserve as referencedocuments forthefollowing purposes:null As ameans to provecomplianceofbuildingand civil engineering workswiththe essential requirementsof
46、 Council Directive89/106/EEC,particularly EssentialRequirement N1-Mechanical resistance andstability-andEssential Requirement N2-Safety in case of fire;null as abasis forspecifying contracts forconstruction works and related engineeringservices;null as aframework fordrawing up harmonisedtechnicalspe
47、cifications forconstruction products (ENs andETAs).TheEurocodes,asfar as they concernthe construction worksthemselves, have adirectrelationshipwiththeInterpretative Documents2) referredtoinArticle 12 of the CPD, although they areofadifferent nature fromharmonisedproduct standard3) .Therefore, techni
48、cal aspects arisingfromthe Eurocodes work need to beadequatelyconsidered by CENTechnicalCommittees and/or EOTA WorkingGroups workingonproductstandardswithaviewtoachievingafull compatibility of thesetechnical specifications with theEurocodes.TheEurocodestandards providecommonstructural design rulesfo
49、r everyday usefor thedesignofwholestructures andcomponent products of both atraditional andaninnovative nature.Unusualforms ofconstruction or designconditionsare not specifically covered andadditionalexpertconsiderationwillberequiredbythe designer in suchcases.2) According to Art.3.3 of theCPD,the essentialrequirements(ERs) shallbegiven concrete form in interpretativedocumentsfor thecreationofthe necessary links between theessentialrequirementsand themandatesfor hENs and ETAGs/ETAs.3) According to Art.12ofthe CPDthe
