1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 438-1:2005 High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) Part 1: Introduction and general information The European Standard EN 438-1:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.140.20 BS EN 438-1:2005 This British
2、 Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 July 2005 BSI 26 July 2005 ISBN 0 580 45454 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 438-1:2005. BS EN 438-1:2005 together with BS EN 438 Parts 2 to 7 supe
3、rsedes BS EN 438-1:1991 and BS EN 438-2:1991 which are withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/76, Laminated sheet for decorative purposes, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on re
4、quest to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI
5、 Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirer
6、s to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This documen
7、t comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
8、 NORM EN 438-1 January 2005 ICS 83.140.20 Supersedes EN 438-1:1991, EN 438-2:1991 English version High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) - Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 1: Introduction and general information Stratifis dcoratifs haute pression (HPL) - Plaqu
9、es base de rsines thermodurcissables (communment appeles stratifis) - Partie 1 : Introduction et informations gnralesDekorative Hochdruck-Schichtpressstoffplatten (HPL) - Platten auf Basis hrtbarer Harze (Schichtpressstoffe) - Teil 1: Einleitung und allegemeine Informationen This European Standard w
10、as approved by CEN on 16 August 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such n
11、ational standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
12、 notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
13、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in a
14、ny form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 438-1:2005: EEN 438-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references. 4 3 Term and definition. 4 4 Guidance in the use of the standard. 5 4.1 Description of parts 5 4.2 Applications. 5 5 Product
15、classification systems. 5 Annex A (informative) Addendum relating to hygienic, health and safety information for laminates intended for interior use . 7 EN 438-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 438-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 249, “Plastics“, the Secretariat of whi
16、ch is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2005. This document supersedes EN 438-1:19
17、91 and EN 438-2:1991. This document consists of seven parts: Part 1: Introduction and general information Part 2: Determination of properties Part 3: Classification and specifications for laminates less than 2 mm thick intended for bonding to supporting substrates Part 4: Classification and specific
18、ations for Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and greater Part 5: Classification and specifications for flooring grade laminates less than 2 mm thick intended for bonding to supporting substrates Part 6: Classification and specifications for Exterior-grade Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and gr
19、eater Part 7: Compact laminate and HPL composite panels for internal and external wall and ceiling finishes According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czec
20、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 438-1:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This Part of EN 438 gives an o
21、verview of the standard, and provides guidance in the selection and application of test methods and specifications contained in Parts 2 to 7 of EN 438. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edi
22、tion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 438-2, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 2: Determination of properties EN 438-3, High-pressu
23、re decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 3: Classification and specifications for laminates less than 2 mm thick intended for bonding to supporting substrates EN 438-4, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting
24、resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 4: Classification and specifications for Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and greater EN 438-5, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 5: Classification and specifications for floorin
25、g grade laminates less than 2 mm thick intended for bonding to supporting substrates EN 438-6, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 6: Classification and specifications for Exterior-grade Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm a
26、nd greater EN 438-7, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) Sheets based on thermosetting resins (Usually called Laminates) - Part 7 Compact laminate and HPL composite panels for internal and external wall and ceiling finishes EN 13329, Laminate floor coverings Specifications, requirements and tes
27、t methods 3 Term and definition For the purposes of this document, the following term and definition applies. 3.1 high-pressure decorative laminate(s) (HPL) sheet(s) consisting of layers of cellulosic fibrous material (normally paper) impregnated with thermosetting resins and bonded together by the
28、high pressure process described below The high pressure process is defined as the simultaneous application of heat (temperature 120 C) and high specific pressure ( 5 MPa), to provide flowing and subsequent curing of the thermosetting resins to obtain a homogeneous non-porous material with increased
29、density ( 1,35 g/cm), and with the required surface finish. NOTE 1 This is a general definition of high-pressure decorative laminate(s). More specific product definitions can be found in parts 3 to 6 of the standard. NOTE 2 In addition to the more common surface layers based on thermosetting resin i
30、mpregnated dcor papers, other decorative design surfaces are available such as metal foils, wood-veneers, textiles, etc. These products are not covered by a specific part of EN 438. EN 438-1:2005 (E) 5 4 Guidance in the use of the standard 4.1 Description of parts EN 438-2 describes the methods of t
31、est that shall be used to determine the performance of HPL products in their various internal and external application fields, e.g. construction, transport, furniture, flooring, etc. The test methods have been specifically developed for testing HPL. It should be noted that not all test methods apply
32、 to all types of HPL. For example Test 11, Resistance to Abrasion, applies only to flooring grade laminates; while Test 10, Resistance to Surface Wear, applies to all types of HPL except flooring grade laminates. It is therefore important to read the scope of the test method to determine whether it
33、is applicable to a particular HPL product. EN 438-3 to 6 specify the performance requirements for different types of high-pressure decorative laminates. Each of these parts is independent of the others, and only requires reference to EN 438-2 for details of the appropriate test methods. EN 438-3 app
34、lies to laminates less than 2 mm thick intended for bonding to supporting substrates to produce HPL composite panels. Classification systems and performance requirements are specified for heavy duty, horizontal and vertical grades of laminate, in standard, postforming and flame-retardant qualities.
35、EN 438-4 applies to Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and greater, in standard and flame-retardant qualities, intended for interior applications. EN 438-5 applies to flooring grade laminates less than 2 mm thick intended for bonding to supporting substrates, to produce HPL flooring elements. As la
36、minate floor coverings they meet the requirements of EN 13329. EN 438-6 applies to Exterior-grade Compact laminates of thickness 2 mm and greater, and specifies requirements for standard and flame-retardant laminates for use in moderate and severe outdoor conditions. EN 438-7 is the harmonised stand
37、ard covering the essential requirements specified in Construction Products Directive Mandates M/121 Internal and External Wall and Ceiling Finishes, and M/113 Wood-based Panels. 4.2 Applications Table 1 below shows how the different parts of the standard relate to various fields of application. Tabl
38、e 1 Application fields Application Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Construction (internal) Construction (external) Transport Furniture Flooring 5 Product classification systems EN 438-3 to 6 include product classification systems. While each of these systems is different, they contain some common elemen
39、ts as follows: EN 438-1:2005 (E) 6 Main classifications: H denotes Horizontal grade V denotes Vertical grade C denotes Compact laminate E denotes Exterior grade AC denotes Abrasion Class for flooring grade Sub-classifications: D denotes Heavy duty or severe use G denotes General purpose or moderate
40、use S denotes Standard grade F denotes Flame-retardant grade P denotes Postforming grade In Part 5, the classification system AC1 to AC5 has been adopted as these classes relate directly to the corresponding product classes in EN 13329 Laminate Floor Coverings. EN 438-1:2005 (E) 7 Annex A (informati
41、ve) Addendum relating to hygienic, health and safety information for laminates intended for interior use A.1 Cleanability Because they are easy to clean and maintain, high-pressure decorative laminates are suitable for use in hygienic applications such as hospitals, pharmacies, food processing areas
42、, abattoirs, clean rooms, etc. For routine cleaning, wiping the surface with water and mild detergent is usually sufficient, but more severe methods such as hosing down with hot water or steam cleaning can be used where required by the application. Solvents such as white spirit, acetone or cellulose
43、 thinners can also be used (e.g. for graffiti removal) as they will not affect the laminate. A.2 Hygiene When used in hospitals and surgeries, HPL surfaces can be disinfected using any of the common disinfectants such as Ethanol 70 %, Formalin 1 to 5 %, p-chlorine-m-cresol 0,3 %, Chloramine T 1 to 5
44、 %, Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride 0,1 %. High-pressure decorative laminates show a high resistance to fungal and bacterial growth, when tested in accordance with ISO 846. A.3 Contact with foodstuffs When determination of the overall and specific migration is carried out in accordance with the
45、 test method shown below, the following results are typical of those for HPL : Overall migration 10 mg/dm 2Specific migration (formaldehyde) 2,5 mg/dm 2Test methods - Methods for the examination of consumer goods, basic rules for the determination of the migration in simulant solvents, state of Apri
46、l 1993, corresponding to the directive no. 80.30, 1 (EC) within the Official Collection of Testing Methods according to 35 of the Foodstuff and Consumer Goods Act, state of February 1996 and according to the rules of the Series of norms ENV 1186 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs Plas
47、tics. Conditions 24 h at 40 C Test simulants acetic acid with a mass fraction of 3 % ethanol with a volume fraction of 10 % ethanol with a volume fraction of 95 % Test procedure one-sided contact A.4 Dangerous substances HPL does not contain pentachlorophenol, asbestos, halogens or heavy metals (Ant
48、imony, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium and , Lead, Mercury, Selenium). BS EN 438-1:2005 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the int
49、ernational level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secre
