1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 445:2007Grout for prestressing tendons Test methodsThe European Standard EN 445:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.10; 91.100.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g5
2、3g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 445:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 55812 2National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
3、 EN 445:2007. It supersedes BS EN 445:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete.A list of organizations represented on this committee can b
4、e obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. N
5、o. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 445October 2007ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 445:1996 English VersionGrout for prestressing tendons - Test methodsCoulis pour cble de prcontrainte - Mthode dessais Einpressmrtel fr Spannglieder - PrfverfahrenThis European Standard was a
6、pproved by CEN on 21 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationals
7、tandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
8、 to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne
9、therlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation
10、in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 445:2007: EEN 445:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 The testing of grout .5 4.1 General5 4.1.1 Personnel5 4.1.2 Test conditions 5 4.1.3
11、 Test reports 5 4.2 Sieve test 6 4.2.1 Principle of test6 4.2.2 Apparatus .6 4.2.3 Procedure .6 4.2.4 Reporting 6 4.3 Fluidity test.6 4.3.1 Cone method6 4.3.2 Grout spread method 8 4.4 Inclined tube test .9 4.4.1 Principle of test9 4.4.2 Test equipment and set-up .10 4.4.3 Test procedure.10 4.4.4 Re
12、porting of results.11 4.5 Wick-induced test 12 4.5.1 Principle of test12 4.5.2 Equipment 12 4.5.3 Procedure .12 4.5.4 Reporting of results.12 4.6 Compressive strength test .13 4.6.1 Principle of the test13 4.6.2 Apparatus .13 4.6.3 Test procedure.14 4.7 Density test.14 4.7.1 Principle of test14 4.7.
13、2 Apparatus .14 4.7.3 Reporting of results.14 Bibliography 15 EN 445:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 445:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status
14、 of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2008. This document supersedes EN 445:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national
15、 standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Pola
16、nd, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 445:2007 (E) 4 Introduction In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, the grouting of tendons is an important operation. The intention of this European Standard is to provide a specification for g
17、routing, compliance with which will satisfy the requirements in prEN 13670. The testing regimes anticipated by this European Standard include three levels: (1) Initial type and audit testing in accordance with EN 447; (2) Suitability testing for confirmation of the selected grout for a specific proj
18、ect in accordance with EN 446; (3) Inspection during the production of grout on a specific project in accordance with EN 446. The test methods for each of the regimes are given in this standard. Some tests given herein are alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the chosen test method to the
19、 specified requirements. The tests are reference tests for checking suitability of grout for use with any type of tensile steel element. System of CEN and EOTA documents as basis for design, execution and materials selection for protective measures of prestressing systems (only main modules). EN 199
20、2 Eurocode 2:Design of concrete structures prEN 13670 Execution of concrete structures ETAG 013 Post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structuresEN 446 Grout for prestressing tendons Grouting procedures EN 447 Grout for prestressing tendons Basic requirements EN 445 Grout for prestressing tendons
21、Test methods CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 14646 Requirements for the installation of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures and qualification of specialist company and its personnel. EN 445:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes the test methods for grout specified in EN 447.
22、 Testing shall be performed in accordance with the test methods given in this standard (reference test methods). The test methods are applicable to grout for all types of structures including bridges and buildings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the a
23、pplication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Determination of strength EN 447, Grout for prestressing tendons Basic Requ
24、irements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 grout homogeneous mixture of cement and water, it may contain admixtures and additions 4 The testing of grout 4.1 General 4.1.1 Personnel The grouts shall be tested by competent personn
25、el experienced in the subject. 4.1.2 Test conditions Testing shall be carried out at specified temperatures. The grout for the tests shall be made from materials specified in EN 447 and mixed in accordance with EN 447. NOTE EN 446 requires suitability testing to be carried out using the same type of
26、 mixing equipment as is used for the actual site operations, hence it is preferable to also use the same type of equipment for all testing. 4.1.3 Test reports All test reports shall include the following information as a minimum: a) reference to this European Standard; b) name and address of the tes
27、ting laboratory; c) identification number of the test report; d) name and address of the organisation or person who ordered the test; EN 445:2007 (E) 6 e) name and address of the manufacturer or supplier of the product(s); f) name or other identification mark of the product; g) date of fabrication,
28、and if relevant, supply of the product; h) date of manufacture of test specimens; i) date of test; j) temperature of the fresh grout and ambient temperature; k) batching and mixing procedures used; l) specification of the grout mixer used; m) identification of test equipment used, including where ap
29、propriate, calibration details; n) individual results for the required test; o) any inaccuracies or uncertainty of test results; p) date and signature of the person responsible for the tests. 4.2 Sieve test 4.2.1 Principle of test The test consists of pouring a quantity of grout through a sieve to c
30、heck for the absence of lumps on the sieve 4.2.2 Apparatus A 150 mm diameter sieve with an aperture 2 mm. 4.2.3 Procedure Pour a minimum of 1 l of freshly mixed grout through the sieve. NOTE This may be carried out while filling the fluidity test cone. 4.2.4 Reporting Report the absence of lumps on
31、the sieve. 4.3 Fluidity test NOTE Two test methods are described, only one is to be performed as appropriate for the type or characteristics of the grout. 4.3.1 Cone method 4.3.1.1 Principle of test The fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, is measured by the time necessary for a stated quantity
32、of grout (1 l) to pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated conditions. EN 445:2007 (E) 7 4.3.1.2 Apparatus The following apparatus is required for the test: a) Cone of the dimensions given in Figure 1. The cone shall be of smooth non-absorbent material. The volume of the cone (excluding th
33、e cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shall be (1,7 0,17) l. b) Stopwatch showing time to 0,1 s. c) Graduated cylinder of minimum 1 l capacity and with a diameter of approximately 60 mm. d) Thermometer. NOTE The cone in Figure 1 is available in plastic. 4.3.1.3 Test procedure 4.3.1.3.1 Preparati
34、on Mount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest diameter uppermost and support firmly in position. During the test prevent the cone from vibrating. Place the cylinder under the cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but with
35、out free water. Close the lower cone orifice. 4.3.1.3.2 Procedure Pour the grout to fill the conical section of the cone. The grout shall be poured sufficiently slowly to prevent a build-up of air. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same time start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken to the ne
36、arest 0,5 s, for 1 l of grout to run into the cylinder. The grout shall be kept agitated while waiting further testing if required. 4.3.1.4 Reporting of results Report the time measured. EN 445:2007 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Dimensions are internal Figure 1 Cone for fluidity test 4.3.2 Grout s
37、pread method 4.3.2.1 Principle of test The grout spread test measures the fluidity of thixotropic grouts. The fluidity is measured by the diameter of the circle of grout spread on a smooth plate after a fixed period. 4.3.2.2 Apparatus The following apparatus is required for the test: a) Glass or pol
38、ished steel plate with a minimum diameter of 300 mm. b) Stiff mould made of steel or plastic with an internal diameter of 39 mm and a height of 60 mm. c) Stopwatch showing time to 0,1 s. d) Thermometer. e) Ruler with a minimum length of 300 mm and a 1 mm graduation. EN 445:2007 (E) 9 4.3.2.3 Test pr
39、ocedure 4.3.2.3.1 Preparation The spread test is carried out on the horizontal plate. Ensure that the surfaces of the mould and plate are clean and slightly moistened. If necessary apply a thin film of petroleum jelly (e.g. Vaseline) to the brim of the mould in contact with the plate to prevent the
40、mould from leaking during filling with grout. 4.3.2.3.2 Procedure Put the mould on the plate and prevent it from sliding. Pour the grout slowly into the mould until the level of the grout has reached the upper brim. The mould is steadily lifted from the plate and kept above the spread for a maximum
41、of 30 s before it is taken away. The spread is measured in two perpendicular directions at 30 s after the start of lifting the mould. 4.3.2.4 Reporting of results Report the spread diameter as the average measured in the two perpendicular directions across the grout spread in millimetres. Dimensions
42、 in millimetres Key 1 Cylinder (steel or plastic tube) 2 Smooth plate Figure 2 Grout spread test 4.4 Inclined tube test 4.4.1 Principle of test This test serves to determine the bleed properties and volume stability of grout at full scale and includes the filtering effect of strands. The test consis
43、ts of measuring the quantity of water and air remaining on the surface of the grout which has been allowed to stand protected from evaporation. NOTE In a first test phase, the bleed water and air accumulated on top of a tube filled with grout should be determined. The grout is injected and is allowe
44、d to set so that water losses due to evaporation are prevented. In a second phase, the effect of re-grouting of a tube on bleed water and air accumulated can be determined. EN 445:2007 (E) 10 4.4.2 Test equipment and set-up a) 2 transparent tubes, of approximately 80 mm diameter and 5 m long, equipp
45、ed with caps at each end including grout inlet at the lower end, and grout vent at the top. The tubes and caps shall be able to sustain the proposed grout pressure. b) 12 prestressing strands 15-16 mm per tube, i.e. a total of 24, length (approximately 5 m) to just fit between the caps on the tubes.
46、 c) Thermometer. 4.4.3 Test procedure 4.4.3.1 General The two tubes are fixed on their supports to avoid noticeable deflections, at an inclination of (30 2) against a horizontal reference line. Twelve strands shall be installed in each tube. The caps are subsequently sealed on the tube ends, see Fig
47、ure 3. The cap shall allow internal inspection for presence of any air or water. The grout is prepared in accordance with the grouting method statement. Specimens shall be taken from the grout mix to measure its fluidity. 4.4.3.2 Grouting of first tube (Tube 1) Grout is injected into Tube 1 from the
48、 bottom end. When the grout exits from the vent at the top with the same consistency as it enters at the bottom, the valve shall be closed. Subsequently, the grout inlet is closed, and grouting of Tube 1 is complete. The level of air, water, and any other resulting liquid on top of the grout shall b
49、e measured, see details in Figure 3. A minimum of four measurements of levels shall be made between 0 h and 24 h after completing grouting, with one measurement just before the re-grouting of Tube 2 is started (see next subclause). NOTE 1 Liquid on top of the grout can be distinguished from the grout by its whitish to yellowish colour, usually clearer than the grout. NOTE 2 The following four measuring intervals are suggested: 30 min, 1 h, 3 h and 24 h after grouting. 4.4.3.3 Grouting of second tube (Tube 2) Grout Tube 2 simultaneously with T
