1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Aerospace series - Fibre optic systems - HandbookPart 002: Test and measurementBS EN 4533-002:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 4533-002 December 2017 ICS 49.060 Supersedes EN 4533-002:2006English
2、 Version Aerospace series - Fibre optic systems - Handbook - Part 002: Test and measurement Srie arospatiale - Systmes des fibres optiques - Manuel dutilisation - Partie 002: Essais et mesures Luft- und Raumfahrt - Faseroptische Systemtechnik - Handbuch - Teil 002: Tests und Messungen This European
3、Standard was approved by CEN on 23 July 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concernin
4、g such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into it
5、s own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germa
6、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOM
7、ITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 4533-002:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 4533-002:201
8、7. It supersedes BS EN 4533-002:2006, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/6, Aerospace avionic electrical and fibre optic technology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This
9、publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 98305 4ICS 49.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immuni
10、ty from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 4533-002:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN
11、4533-002 December 2017 ICS 49.060 Supersedes EN 4533-002:2006English Version Aerospace series - Fibre optic systems - Handbook - Part 002: Test and measurement Srie arospatiale - Systmes des fibres optiques - Manuel dutilisation - Partie 002: Essais et mesures Luft- und Raumfahrt - Faseroptische Sys
12、temtechnik - Handbuch - Teil 002: Tests und Messungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 July 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any a
13、lteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
14、made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Es
15、tonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTE
16、E FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 4533-002:2017 EBS EN 4533-002
17、:2017EN 4533-002:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Fibre types . 5 4 Test and measurement: key parameters 7 5 Test and measurement in single-mode systems . 13 6 Test and measurement in multi-mode systems 13 7 Testing network paths: ref
18、lectometry and footprinting 25 8 General considerations for test and measurement in fibre optic systems . 32 9 Practical testing techniques . 36 10 Reporting arrangements . 46 11 Techniques for system design . 46 12 Appendix: Matrices 50 BS EN 4533-002:2017EN 4533-002:2017 (E) 3 European foreword Th
19、is document (EN 4533-002:2017) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations an
20、d the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be with
21、drawn at the latest by June 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 4533-002:2006. According to the CEN-CEN
22、ELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I
23、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 4533-002:2017EN 4533-002:2017 (E) 4 Introduction a) The Handbook This handbook aims to provide ge
24、neral guidance for experts and non-experts alike in the area of designing, installing, and supporting fibre-optic systems on aircraft. Where appropriate more detailed sources of information are referenced throughout the text. It is arranged in 4 parts, which reflect key aspects of an optical harness
25、 life cycle, namely: Part 001: Termination methods and tools Part 002: Test and measurement Part 003: Looming and installation practices Part 004: Repair, maintenance, cleaning and inspection b) Background It is widely accepted in the aerospace industry that photonic technology significant advantage
26、s over conventional electrical hardware. These include massive signal bandwidth capacity, electrical safety, and immunity of passive fibre-optic components to the problems associated with electromagnetic interference (EMI). Significant weight savings can also be realized in comparison to electrical
27、harnesses which may require heavy screening. To date, the EMI issue has been the critical driver for airborne fibre-optic communications systems because of the growing use of non-metallic aerostructures. However, future avionic requirements are driving bandwidth specifications from 10s of Mbits/s in
28、to the multi-Gbits/s regime in some cases, i.e. beyond the limits of electrical interconnect technology. The properties of photonic technology can potentially be exploited to advantage in many avionic applications, such as video/sensor multiplexing, flight control signalling, electronic warfare, and
29、 entertainment systems, as well as sensor for monitoring aerostructure. The basic optical interconnect fabric or optical harness is the key enabler for the successful introduction of optical technology onto commercial and military aircraft. Compared to the mature telecommunications applications, an
30、aircraft fibre-optic system needs to operate in a hostile environment (e.g. temperature extremes, humidity, vibration, and contamination) and accommodate additional physical restrictions imposed by the airframe (e.g. harness attachments, tight bend radii requirements, and bulkhead connections). Unti
31、l recently, optical harnessing technology and associated practices were insufficiently developed to be applied without large safety margins. In addition, the international standards did not adequately cover many aspects of the life cycle. The lack of accepted standards thus lead to airframe specific
32、 hardware and support. These factors collectively carried a significant cost penalty (procurement and through-life costs), that often made an optical harness less competitive than an electrical equivalent. This situation is changing with the adoption of more standardized (telecoms type) fibre types
33、in aerospace cables and the availability of more ruggedized COTS components. These improved developments have been possible due to significant research collaboration between component and equipment manufacturers as well as the end use airframers. BS EN 4533-002:2017EN 4533-002:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope Thi
34、s handbook examines the requirements to enable accurate measurement of fibre optic links from start of life and during the life cycle of the system from installation and through-service. Part 2 will explain the issues associated with optical link measurement and provide techniques to address these i
35、ssues. This document discusses the measurement of key parameters associated with the passive layer (i.e. transmission of light through an optical harness). It does not discuss systems tests e.g. bit error rates. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively ref
36、erenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 2591-601, Aerospace series Elements of electrical and optical connect
37、ion Test methods Part 601: Optical elements Insertion loss EN 4533-001, Aerospace series Fibre optic systems Handbook Part 001: Termination methods and tools EN 4533-003, Aerospace series Fibre optic systems Handbook Part 003: Looming and installation practices EN 4533-004, Aerospace series Fibre op
38、tic systems Handbook Part 004: Repair, maintenance, cleaning and inspection 3 Fibre types This section gives a brief summary of some of the different fibre types in use within the aerospace industry. Historically, large core, step index multimode fibres were the first to be used on aircraft. At the
39、time of design, these fibres enabled sufficient data bandwidth and the large core enabled ease of coupling (of light) into the fibre as well as ease of fibre alignment in connectors (also termed interconnects). Therefore in some current and legacy systems, fibre optic harnesses based on large core f
40、ibres can be found. Common larger core fibres include 200/280 m, 200/300 m and 100/140 m (where the notation indicates the core/cladding size). Improvements in bandwidth (mainly from reduced temporal dispersion), for multimode fibres is possible by using graded index fibres. In simple terms, the gra
41、ded refractive index profile allows equalisation of different optical paths through a multimode fibre to reduce any pulse spreading in time (dispersion). These results in higher bandwidths compared to step index refractive index profiles. Early graded index fibres for aerospace included 100/140 m si
42、zed fibres. More recently, fibre sizes commonly used in the telecoms and datacomms fields have been utilised for aerospace. Multimode fibres of size 62,5/125 m and 50/125 m and with graded index profile are now being deployed for data transmission on both civil and military aircraft, fixed wind and
43、rotary craft. Fibres are available with different bandwidths. Multimode fibres are designated by the OM identification (meaning optical multimode). OM1 describes 62,5/125 m fibre, OM2, OM3 and OM4 describe 50/125 m fibres of increasing bandwidth. Using these sizes of fibre (particularly with a 125 m
44、 outer diameter enables the use of volume production parts (e.g. ceramic alignment ferrules) from the telecoms industry. BS EN 4533-002:2017EN 4533-002:2017 (E) 6 As will be discussed in this document, the issue of test and measurement in multimode systems is complicated by the light distribution in
45、 the fibre and also the relatively short length of installed fibre which typically has several connector breaks in the harness path (e.g. connectors located at airframe production breaks). The light distribution launched into the fibre to make measurements is critically important for making consiste
46、nt measurements in multimode systems. Whilst most of the deployed fibre in aerospace is currently multimode, there is increasing interest in using singlemode fibre. Single-mode (sometimes called monomode fibres) are optical fibres designed to support only a single propagation mode per polarization d
47、irection for a given wavelength. They usually have a relatively small core (with a diameter of only a few ms) and a small refractive index difference between core and cladding. The mode radius is typically a few microns. Singlemode fibres are often termed OS1 (for optical singlemode). There are also
48、 other types of singlemode fibre as OS2 and A2. The small core enables many benefits to be realised (e.g. higher bandwidth (minimal dispersion), wavelength multiplexing, novel sensor applications). However the smaller core makes the coupling and alignment more difficult at the source and at connecto
49、rs (particularly in the harsh aerospace environment with potential extremes of temperature and vibration). The issue of test and measurement in singlemode fibres is not as complicated as for multimode systems. This is principally because the light travels down the fibre in a predominant single mode or path. It should be remembered that the optical fibres discussed above will be packaged in rugged cable form suitable for installation and performance on a harness. More detail of cable constructions can be found in Part 001 o
