1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 4678:2011Aerospace series Weldmentsand brazements for aerospacestructures Joints ofmetallic materials by laserbeam welding Quality ofweldmentsBS EN 4678:2011 BRITISH STANDA
2、RDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 4678:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/61, Metallic materials for aerospace purposes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secre
3、tary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 66628 5ICS 25.160.40; 49.025.05Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard w
4、as published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 4678:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 4678 July 2011 ICS 49.025.05 English Version Aerospace series - Weldments and braz
5、ements for aerospace structures - Joints of metallic materials by laser beam welding - Quality of weldments Srie arospatiale - Assemblages souds et brass pour constructions arospatiales - Assemblages de matriaux mtalliques souds par faisceaux laser - Qualit des assemblages souds Luft- und Raumfahrt
6、- Schwei- und Ltverbindungen fr die Luft- und Raumfahrt - Laserstrahlschweien - Qualitt der Schweiverbindungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 July 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
7、Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (En
8、glish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium
9、, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITT
10、EE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 4678:2011: EBS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011
11、(E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .64 Symbols and abbreviations . 125 Weldability . 126 General requirements . 137 Technical requirements for manufacturing new parts 178 Technical repair requirements 319 Special case 31BS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011
12、(E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 4678:2011) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the late
13、st by January 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s
14、uch patent rights. After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. According to the CEN/CENELEC Int
15、ernal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxe
16、mbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines the rules to be observed to ensure the quality of aerospace structures in metallic materials
17、by (solid reference number 521 and gas reference number 522 and diode laser Semi-conductor 523 according to EN ISO 4063) laser beam welding, implemented automatically, semi-automatically or manually. It is applicable without any restriction for the manufacturing of new parts or repair parts, these o
18、perations being under the responsibility of an approved design authority or repairer. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
19、the reference document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1011-6, Welding Recommendation for welding of metallic materials Part 6: Laser beam weld EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds Radiographic examination of welded joints EN 4179, Aerospace series Qualification and approval of perso
20、nnel for non-destructive testing EN 4632-001, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 001: General requirements EN 4632-002, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and braz
21、eability of materials Part 002: Homogeneous assemblies aluminium and aluminium alloys EN 4632-003, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 003: Welding and brazing of homogeneous assemblies of unalloyed and low alloy steels1)EN 4632-004, Aerospace s
22、eries Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions - Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 004: Homogeneous assemblies highly alloyed steels Error! Bookmark not defined.)EN 4632-005, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 005:
23、Homogeneous assemblies of heat resisting Ni or Co base alloys Error! Bookmark not defined.)EN 4632-006, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 006: Homogeneous assemblies of titanium alloys Error! Bookmark not defined.)ISO 857-1, Welding and allied
24、 processes Vocabulary Part 1: Metal welding processes EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers (ISO 4063:2009, Corrected version 2010-03-01) EN ISO 4136, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Transverse tensile test (ISO 4136:2001) ISO 49
25、69, Steel Macroscopic examination by etching with strong mineral acids EN ISO 5173, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Bend tests (ISO 5173:2009) 1) Published as ASD-STAN Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard by Aerospace and Defense Industries Association of Europe
26、-Standardization (ASD-STAN), (www.asd-stan.org). BS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011 (E) 5 EN ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1:2007) EN ISO 6947, Welding and allied processes - Welding positions (ISO 6
27、947:2011) EN ISO 9015-2, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Hardness testing - Part 2: Microhardness testing of welded joints (ISO 9015-2:2003) EN ISO 9016, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Impact tests - Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination (IS
28、O 9016:2001) EN ISO 11145, Optics and photonics Lasers and laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 11145:2006) EN ISO 14731, Welding coordination Tasks and responsibilities (ISO 14731:2006) EN ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Weldi
29、ng procedure specification Part 4: Laser beam welding (ISO 15609-4:2009) EN ISO 15616-1, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 1: General principles, acceptance conditions (ISO 15616-1:2003) EN ISO 15616-2, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines
30、 for high quality welding and cutting Part 2: Measurement of static and dynamic accuracy (ISO 15616-2:2003) EN ISO 15616-3, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 3: Calibration of instruments for measurement of gas flow and pressure (ISO 15616-3:2003)
31、 ISO 17636, Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints ISO 17639, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds EN ISO 17640:2, Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels, a
32、nd assessment (ISO 17640:2010) ISO 22826, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hardness testing of narrow joints welded by laser and electron beam (Vickers and Knoop hardness tests) EN ISO 22827-1, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines Machines with optical fibre delive
33、ry Part 1: Laser assembly (ISO 22827-1:2005) EN ISO 22827-2, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines Machines with optical fibre delivery Part 2: Moving mechanism (ISO 22827-2:2005) ISO 24394, Welding for aerospace applications Qualification test for welders and welding operators Fus
34、ion welding of metallic components ISO/TR 25901, Welding and related processes Vocabulary NAS 410, Certification and qualification of non-destructive test personnel 2)2) Published by: National Standards Association, Inc., 1200 Quince Orchard Blvd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States. BS EN 4678:20
35、11EN 4678:2011 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1 and EN ISO 11145 standards apply. 3.1 General 3.1.1 Laser beam welding Fusion welding process (using radiation) in which the heat required for the fusion is provided
36、 by the coherent and monochromatic light emitted by a laser focused by an optical system either: solid (FLS or 521 according to EN ISO 4063); Example: YAG: (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) doped with neodymium. The wavelength of corresponding radiation is 1,06 m; or gas (FLG or 522 according to EN ISO 406
37、3); Example: CO2wavelength of corresponding radiation is 10,6 m; Diode laser welding (Semi-conductor laser welding or 523 according to EN ISO 4063). The word laser is the acronym for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation“. 3.2 Technical terms 3.2.1 Welding parameters 3.2.1.1 Run-o
38、n or run-off plates See ISO/TR 25901. NOTE This interval is measured on the detail parts, positioned in their welding setup, and is used as a reference to determine the minimum width of the weld zone. 3.2.1.2 Beam shift Deviation of beam position compared with the effective position of joint plane i
39、n certain heterogeneous welds (materials and/or dissimilar thicknesses). 3.2.1.3 Firing distance Distance between the impact point of the beam on detail parts and a reference surface linked to the machine EXAMPLE End of nozzle. 3.2.1.4 Specific welding energy Ratio between the beam power over the we
40、lding speed, multiplied by 60. Paverage(W) is measured at nozzle exit side. J/cm)(k(cm/min)000160)(averageaverageVWPE= BS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011 (E) 7 3.2.1.5 Slope (or ramp) down Operating conditions for which the depth of penetration differs in a decreasing manner according to a slope, a series
41、of ramps or steps. NOTE Slope down occurs either according to time or distance, see Figure 1. Figure 1 3.2.1.6 Slope (or ramp) up Controlled increase of the beam power at the beginning of the welding 3.2.1.7 Clearance before welding Distance measured on a straight section of the joint between the si
42、des to weld. NOTE The clearance depends on the design of the welded joint (for circular axial welds or circular welds see EN 1011-6). 3.2.1.8 Focusing level Distance between the beam impact point on the detail parts and the focusing point. NOTE Conventionally, this distance is negative when the focu
43、sing point is within the detail parts, see Figure 2. BS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011 (E) 8 Key 1 Positive focusing level (+ 1 mm) 2 Focusing level 0 3 Negative focusing level ( 1 mm) 4 Firing distance 5 Detail part Figure 2 3.2.1.9 Beam power The laser beam power is measured with a calorimeter which abs
44、orbs all or part of the beam 3.2.1.10 Welding speed Length of the weld on beam impact side produced per time unit. 3.2.2 Other technical terms 3.2.2.1 Welding campaign Series of welding operations on identical parts, executed on the same machine, without any changes to adjustments, without performin
45、g other welds on the machine, without interrupting manufacturing for more than a week (working days). 3.2.2.2 Tacking pass Pre-assembling of elementary detail parts using the same process as the one used for welding, consisting of making slightly penetrating, narrow weld, continuous or discontinuous
46、 along the joint plane. The purpose is to maintain detail parts in position. BS EN 4678:2011EN 4678:2011 (E) 9 3.2.2.3 Adjustment verification specimen A flat or round test specimen of the same material, subjected to the same heat treatments as the detail parts, on which a melt run will be made in t
47、he middle using the parameters identical to those used for parts, and for which the relation between the micrographic shape of the cross section cut of the bead and that obtained on test specimens or real parts has been previously defined. 3.2.2.4 Structural state State of the crystalline metal stru
48、cture 3.2.2.5 Manufacturing Execution of welding operations on new parts or parts being repaired 3.2.2.6 Stabilized manufacturing Manufacturing for which the reliability can be established without doubt over several welding campaigns, of which the number is previously defined by the design authority
49、. 3.2.2.7 Smoothing pass or cosmetic pass Surface new fusion of the welded zone 3.2.2.8 Batch of parts Set of parts with the same reference from: the same welding campaign; the same heat treatment batch; traceable material (processing, chemical analysis, etc). 3.2.2.9 Parent material Material or metal used to make the detail parts. 3.2.2.10 Filler material Additional alloy or metal used to make a weld of an assembly
