1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 547-1:1996 ICS 13.1
2、10; 13.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Safety of machinery Human body measurements Part 1. Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery +A1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority o
3、f the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1997 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 ISBN 978 0 580 62343 1 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008, and alignment of CEN and BSI publication dates National foreword This Br
4、itish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 547-1:1996 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For exampl
5、e, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretar
6、y. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2009 biomechanics. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN
7、 547-1:1996+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 547-1:1996 English Version Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery Scurit des machines - Mesures du corps humain - Parti
8、e 1: Principes de dtermination des dimensions requises pour les ouvertures destines au passage de lensemble du corps dans les machines Sicherheit von Maschinen - Krpermae des Menschen - Teil 1: Grundlagen zur Bestimmung von Abmessungen fr Ganzkr per Zugnge an Maschinenarbeitspltzen This European Sta
9、ndard was approved by CEN on 15 November 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteratio
10、n. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translat
11、ion under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
12、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Mana
13、gement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008: EEN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 G
14、eneral requirements4 4 Passage openings .5 Annex A (normative) Application of the measurements in practice10 A.0 Introduction10 A.1 Principles for determining additional space.10 A.2 Additional space requirements for openings .11 A.2.1 Opening for horizontal forward movement in upright posture (see
15、4.1) .11 A.2.2 Opening for horizontal sideways movement over short distances in upright posture (see 4.2).11 A.2.3 Vertical movement through a duct, using a ladder (see 4.3) 11 A.2.4 Manhole through which rapid active movement needs to be possible (see 4.4)12 A.2.5 Opening for entry in kneeling post
16、ure (see 4.5).12 Annex B (informative) Notations for dimensions and anthropometric body measurements .13 Annex ZA (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ “ “ “ .15 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! ! !Rel
17、ationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.16 Bibliography 17 BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secret
18、ariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document inclu
19、des Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14. This document supersedes EN 547-1:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the Europ
20、ean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fo
21、llowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S
22、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is one of several ergonomics standards for the safety of machinery. EN 614-1 “Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and genera
23、l principles“ describes the principles designers should adopt in order to take account of ergonomic factors. This European Standard describes how these principles should be applied to the design of openings which will allow whole body access. This standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standa
24、rd in the sense of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the dimensions of openings for whole body access as applied to machinery as defined in EN 292-1. It provides the dimensions to which the values given in EN 547-3 are applicable. Value
25、s for additional space requirements are given in annex A. This European Standard has been prepared primarily for non-mobile machinery, there may be additional specific requirements for mobile machinery. Dimensions for passages are based on the values for either the 95 thor the 99 thpercentile of the
26、 expected user population. Values for the 99 thpercentile apply to emergency egress routes. The anthropometric data given in EN 547-3 originate from static measurements of nude persons and do not take into account body movements, clothing, equipment, machinery operating conditions or environmental c
27、onditions. This European Standard shows how to combine the anthropometric data with suitable allowances to take these factors into account. Situations where people are to be prevented from reaching a hazard are dealt with in EN 294. 2 Normative references This European standard incorporates by dated
28、 or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard on
29、ly when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of Machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 294, Safety of Machinery - Safety distance
30、s to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 547-3, Safety of Machinery Human body measurements Part 3: Anthropometric data. EN 614-1, Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles. 3 General requirements This European Standard specifi
31、es the relevant dimensions of openings with respect to different body positions. BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 5 In arriving at values for these dimensions, in addition to the basic anthropometric data it is necessary to add allowances to permit unhindered and safe entry and work
32、ing, taking into account aspects specific to the operator and to the operating conditions. In this respect the following criteria are of particular significance: a) Ease of passage of a person is influenced by: The type of clothing, e.g. light or heavy clothing; Whether tools are being carried, e.g.
33、 for maintenance or repair purposes; Whether additional equipment such as personal protective equipment (including protective clothing), or portable lighting, is being carried or worn; The demands of the task, e.g. posture, nature and speed of movement, lines of sight, application of force; Frequenc
34、y and duration of task; Length of passage, e.g. through a relatively thin wall (wall of a vessel) where there is space for movement at the exit or through a channel type passage; amount of space available to allow for the dynamic nature of movement to escape from danger; the position and size of sup
35、ports for the body, e.g. foot support, hand holds; b) environmental conditions (e.g. darkness, heat, noise, moisture); c) level of risk during the task The allowances to be made for these items will depend on the particular machinery concerned and its application. Annex A gives the application on ho
36、w to apply this European standard in practice. Annex B gives information on the use of notations for dimensions and anthropometric measurements. 4 Passage openings A passage opening is an opening which allows the movement or the entry of a persons entire body, to enable the person to carry out measu
37、res such as operating of control actuators, monitoring of work processes and inspection of work results. This European Standard specifies minimum, not optimum, dimensions for openings. Wherever possible from the safety point of view the dimensions should be increased. Furthermore, passage openings s
38、hould be sufficiently large to allow rapid egress in the event of danger. The allowances x and y in sub-clauses 4.1 to 4.5 are given in annex A. The values for a 1 , h 1etc. are given in EN 547-3. BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 6 No Notations Explanation of measurement 4.1 Opening
39、 for horizontal forward movement in upright posture A B h 1a 1x y A = h 1(P95 1)or P99 1) )+ x B = a 1(P95 or P99) + y Opening height Opening width Body height Elbow-to-elbow breadth Height allowance Width allowance 4.2 Opening for horizontal sideways movement over short distances in upright posture
40、 A B h 1b 1x y Not applicable for emergency egress routes A = h 1(P95) + x B = b 1(P95) + y Opening height Opening width Body height Body depth Height allowance Width allowance 1) P95: 95 thpercentile of the expected user population P99: 99 thpercentile of the expected user population BS EN 547-1:19
41、96+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 7 4.3 Vertical movement through a duct, using a ladder A B C c 1c 2x D a 1y A = c 1(P95 or P99) + x B = 0,74 x c 2(P95) C = A + B Opening width 2)Clearance for foot Duct width Thigh length Foot length Width allowance D = a 1(P95 or P99) + y Opening breadth Elbow-t
42、o-elbow breadth Breadth allowance 2) Opening width A does not take account of the need for fall protection BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 8 BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 9 No Notations Explanation of measurement 4.4 Manhole through which rapid active movement n
43、eeds to be possible A B a 1x A = a 1(P95 or P99) + x Opening diameter Length of the passage should be less than 500 mm Elbow to elbow breadth Allowance 4.5 Opening for entry in kneeling posture A B b 2 a 1 x y A = b 2(P95 or P99) + x B = a 1(P95 or P99) + y Opening height Opening width Forward reach
44、 (grip reach) Elbow-to-elbow breadth Height allowance Width allowance BS EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008 (E) 10 Annex A (normative) Application of the measurements in practice A.0 Introduction The purpose of this annex is to explain how to apply the anthropometric measurements given in th
45、is European Standard according to ergonomic and safety and health principles. This European Standard describes minimum dimensions for openings based on anthropometric measurements, i.e. static measurements of nude persons. The opening dimensions including allowances in this standard do not always ta
46、ke into consideration for example: Aspects of health and safety arising from contact with the passage opening itself; Whether the body positions and movements that must be used in the passage mean any risk to the users safety and health, e.g. in relation to how often or how long the person has to us
47、e the passage; Whether the person has to adopt a certain body position in order to meet the force demands of the task without becoming overloaded; The space required for transportation of equipment, tools and injured or unconscious persons through the passage; The space required for using equipment
48、and tools in the passage in a proper ergonomic way e.g. cleaning, repair and maintenance work; Personal protective equipment the user might wear when passing through the passage; The space requirements for entrance to and exit from the passage; The design of a passage that takes ergonomic principles
49、 into proper consideration usually leads to more efficient work, which is also of economic benefit. For example, in most cases the operation time increases as the size of the opening decreases. A.1 Principles for determining additional space For each of the openings in this European Standard, a number of allowances are described below for conditions that need to be taken into consideration when determining the practical size of a specific passage. Where they are applicable, these conditions determine allowances which shall be ad
