1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 547-2 : ICS 13.110;
2、 13.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Safety of machinery Human body measurements Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings +A1:2008 1996National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 547-2:1996+ A1
3、:2008. It supersedes BS EN 547-2:1997 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is in- dicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. T
4、he UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to subcommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and biomechanics. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to inc
5、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into
6、 effect on 15 July 1997 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 62344 8 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected 31 July 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008, and alignment of BSI and CEN publication dates. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 547-2:1996+A1 September
7、 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 547-2:1996 English Version Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings Scurit des machines - Mesures du corps humain - Partie 2: Principes de dtermination des dimensions requises
8、 pour les orifices daccs Sicherheit von Maschinen - Krpermae des Menschen - Teil 2: Grundlagen fr die Bemessung von Zugangsffnungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 November 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/
9、CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to
10、 any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versio
11、ns. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa
12、in, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
13、 Members. Ref. No. EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008: EEN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 General requirements5 4 Access openings .5 Annex A (normative) Application of the measurements in practice11 A.0 Introduction11 A.1 Principles for deter
14、mining additional space.11 A.2 Additional space requirements for access openings 12 A.2.1 Access opening for the upper body and arms (see 4.1)12 A.2.2 Access opening for the head up to the shoulders for inspection tasks (see 4.2) 12 A.2.3 Access opening for both arms (see 4.3) .12 A.2.4 Access openi
15、ng for both lower arms up to elbow (see 4.4)12 A.2.5 Access opening to the side for one arm up to shoulder joint (see 4.5).13 A.2.6 Access opening for a lower arm up to the elbow (see 4.6) .13 A.2.7 Access opening for fist (see 4.7)13 A.2.8 Access opening for flat hand to wrist, including thumb (see
16、 4.8)13 A.2.9 Access opening for flat hand (four fingers) to base of thumb (see 4.9) 13 A.2.10 Access opening for index finger, restricted by the other fingers (see 4.10) .14 A.2.11 Access opening for one foot to ankle bone (see 4.11) 14 A.2.12 Access opening for forefoot operated controls (see 4.12
17、)14 Annex B (informative) Position of access openings .15 B.1 This Annex gives information on the position of access openings to facilitate access for the intended user population. 15 B.2 Provision for adjustability.15 B.3 Conditions to be met with in location of access openings .15 B.3.1 Access ope
18、ning for the upper body and arms (see 4.1)16 B.3.2 Access opening for the head as far as the shoulders for inspection tasks (see 4.2) 17 B.3.3 Access opening for both arms (either forward or downward) (see 4.3) 18 B.3.4 Access opening for both lower arms up to the elbow, either forward or downward (
19、see 4.4).19 B.3.5 Opening for access to the side for one arm up to the shoulder joint (see 4.5).20 B.3.6 Access opening for one lower arm up to the elbow (see 4.6).21 B.3.7 Access opening for fist (see 4.7)22 B.3.8 Access opening for flat hand to wrist, including thumb (see 4.8)22 B.3.9 Access openi
20、ng for flat hand (four fingers) to base of thumb (see 4.9) 22 B.3.10 Access opening for index finger, restricted by the other fingers (see 4.10) .22 B.3.11 Access opening for one foot to ankle bone (see 4.11) 22 B.3.12 Access opening for forefoot operated controls (see 4.12)22 Annex C (informative)
21、Notations for dimensions and anthropometric body measurements .23 Annex ZA (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ “ “ “ .25 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standar
22、d and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.26 Bibliography 27 BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Eur
23、opean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 200
24、8-08-14. This document supersedes EN 547-2:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and support
25、s essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implemen
26、t this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
27、 United Kingdom. BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is one of several ergonomics standards for the safety of machinery. EN 614-1 “Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles“ describes the principles
28、designers should adopt in order to take account of ergonomic factors. This European Standard describes how these principles should be applied to the design of access openings. This standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regu
29、lations. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the dimensions of openings for access as applied to machinery as defined in EN 292-1. It provides the dimensions to which the values given in EN 547-3 are applicable. Values for additional space requirements are given in annex A. This European Standa
30、rd has been prepared primarily for non-mobile machinery, there may be additional specific requirements for mobile machinery. Dimensions for access openings are based on the values for the 95 thpercentile, whereas reach distances are based on the values for the 5 thpercentile, in each case the least
31、favourable body dimension of the expected user population being used as a basis. The same considerations apply to the location of access openings. The anthropometric data given in EN 547-3 originate from static measurements of nude persons and do not take into account body movements, clothing, equip
32、ment, machinery operating conditions or environmental conditions. This European Standard shows how to combine the anthropometric data with suitable allowances to take these factors into account. Situations where people are to be prevented from reaching a hazard are dealt with in EN 294. 2 Normative
33、references This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any o
34、f these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1, Safety of Machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, met
35、hodology. EN 294, Safety of Machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 547-3, Safety of Machinery Human body measurements Part 3: Anthropometric data. EN 614-1, Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles
36、. BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 5 3 General requirements Operations requiring reach through minimum access openings are likely to be less efficient, less safe and less healthy than working with unrestricted access. Therefore, before installing access openings other options should
37、 be considered, e.g. possibility to open machinery, withdrawal of parts for repair. This is particularly important where the task demands frequent access. When access openings cannot be avoided the following criteria are of particular significance: a) Ease of access is influenced by: The demands of
38、the task, e.g. posture, nature and speed of movement, lines of sight, application of force; The location of the access opening relative to the position of the person, e.g. convenient height above floor, within easy reach, sufficient space outside to allow adoption of a comfortable posture, sufficien
39、t space inside to allow performance of the task; Frequency and duration of task; Whether tools are being carried, e.g. for maintenance or repair purposes; Length of access openings e.g. through a relatively thin wall (wall of a vessel) or through a channel type opening; Whether additional equipment
40、such as personal protective equipment (including protective clothing), or portable lighting, is being carried or worn; The type of clothing, e.g. light or heavy clothing, bare hands or thick gloves, bare headed or wearing a helmet; b) Environmental conditions (e.g. darkness, heat, noise, moisture);
41、c) Level of risk during the task. Therefore, in addition to the anthropometric data in each case, allowances shall be provided for the respective opening dimensions and reach distances, taking into account the above criteria. The applications on how to apply this European Standard in practice is con
42、tained in Annex A concerning allowances and in Annex B concerning position of access openings. Annex C gives information on the use of notations for dimensions and anthropometric measurements. 4 Access openings An access opening is an opening through which a person can lean forward, reach forward, o
43、r extend the upper body, head, arm, hand, a finger or several fingers, leg or foot, to be able to carry out measures during work procedures, such as operating of control actuators, repair duties or monitoring of processes or displays. This European Standard does not specify optimum dimensions, but m
44、inimum dimensions for the size of the opening and maximum dimensions for reach. Wherever possible, the basic dimensions for the openings should be increased, and the maximum dimensions for reach should be decreased. BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 6 No Notations Explanation of meas
45、urement 4.1 Access opening for the upper body and arms A a 1x A = a 1(P95 1) ) + x Opening diameter Elbow to elbow breadth Allowance 4.2 Access opening for the head as far as the shoulders for inspection tasks A c 3x This type of access should be avoided wherever possible A = c 3(P95) + x Opening di
46、ameter Head length from tip of nose Allowance 4.3 Access opening for both arms (either forward or downward) A = a 1(P95) + x B = d 1(P95) + y C = t 1(P5) 1) P95: 95 thpercentile of the expected user population BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 7 A B C a 1 d 1 t 1 x y Opening breadth
47、Opening width Opening depth Elbow-to-elbow breadth Upper arm diameter Operating arm length Breadth allowance Width allowance 4.4 Access opening for both lower arms up to elbow (either forward or downward) A B C d 2 t 2x y A = 2d 2(P95) + x B = d 2(P95) + y C = t 2(P5) Opening breadth Opening width O
48、pening depth Lower arm diameter Forearm reach Breadth allowance Width allowance BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 8 No Notations Explanation of measurement 4.5 Opening for access to the side for one arm up to shoulder joint A B d 1 t 3x A = d 1(P95) + x B = t 3(P5) Opening diameter O
49、pening depth Upper arm diameter Arm reach to the side Allowance 4.6 Access opening for one lower arm up to the elbow A B a 3 t 2 x A = a 3(P95) + x B = t 2(P5) Opening diameter Opening depth Hand breadth at thumb Forearm reach Allowance 4.7 Access opening for fist A d 3 x A = d 3(P95) + x Opening diameter Fist diameter Allowance BS EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008 (E) 9 No Notations Explanation of measurement 4.8 Access opening for flat hand to wrist, including thumb A B C a 3b 4 t 4x y A = b 4(P95) + x B = a 3(P5) + y C = t 4(P5) Opening
