1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 614-1:2006Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principlesICS 13.110; 13.180g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60
2、g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58+A1:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 614-1:2006 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicatin
3、g changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
4、 request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009This British Standard was pu
5、blished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2006 BSI 2009Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 October 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009ISBN 978 0 580 62346 2EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 614-1:2006+A1Fe
6、bruary 2009ICS 13.110; 13.180English VersionSafety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1:Terminology and general principlesScurit des machines - Principes ergonomiques deconception - Partie 1: Terminologie et principes gnrauxSicherheit von Maschinen - ErgonomischeGestaltungsgrundstze -
7、 Teil 1: Begriffe und allgemeineLeitstzeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 December 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. U
8、p-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationund
9、er the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hu
10、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
11、Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009: E2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 General principles
12、9 4.1 General 9 4.2 Accessible design for people with special requirements .9 4.3 Taking account of peoples body dimensions, postures, body movements, and physical strength 10 4.4 Taking account of peoples mental abilities 13 4.5 Taking account of the influence of the physical work environment on pe
13、ople . 14 5 Incorporating ergonomic principles into the design process of machinery 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 Ergonomics tasks to be performed during the design process of machinery 16 Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the use of the 3-zone rating system 20 A.1 Introduction . 20 A.2 Definition and
14、use of the 3-zone rating system . 20 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC 22 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2
15、006/42/EC“ 23 Bibliography . 24 BS EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)3 Foreword This document (EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national
16、standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-12-13. This European Standard supersedes !EN 614-1:200
17、6“. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
18、!For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this European Standard. EN 614 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles: Part 1: Terminology and general principles Part 2: Interacti
19、ons between the design of machinery and work tasks.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France
20、, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)4 Introduction Ergonomically designed work sy
21、stems enhance safety, improve human working and living conditions and counteract adverse effects on human health. Also they usually improve the operator-machine system performance and reliability. In this European Standard the term “ergonomics“ refers to a multidisciplinary field of science and its
22、application. Applying ergonomics to the design of work systems, especially where the design of machinery is concerned, ensures that human capabilities, skills, limitations and needs are taken into account. The work system includes operators, job design, work equipment (e.g. machinery), work space, w
23、ork environment, work process and the interactions between them. It can vary in complexity from a workshop with a single operator using hand held equipment to a process plant and its operators. Good design takes into account how the operator is expected to interact with the work equipment and how th
24、e work equipment fits into the system as a whole. This is particularly important the more the work equipment is interdependent on other components of the system. In its whole complexity, the working system is described in generic standards (e.g. EN ISO 6385). Compliance with harmonised standards pre
25、pared by CEN/CENELEC enables manufacturers and suppliers to meet requirements of European legislation. EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 contain the concepts and general principles to guide designers in achieving safety for machinery for occupational and private purposes. Ergonomic principles can be
26、 incorporated into the design process by following this standard. In this way both the technical design and ergonomic principles are considered at the same time. The aim to enhance the health, safety and well-being of workers is reached by systematically minimising the risks according to !EN ISO 121
27、00“. EN 13861 provides information concerning applicable ergonomic B-type standards related to specific hazards. This standard is one of the European Standards covering specific topics identified in EN ISO 12100-1 and EN ISO 12100-2 as important to the safety of machinery. BS EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009EN
28、 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)5 1 Scope This European Standard establishes the ergonomic principles to be followed during the process of design of machinery. This European Standard applies to the interactions between operators and machinery when installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, dism
29、antling, repairing or transporting equipment, and outlines the principles to be followed in taking the health, safety and well-being of the operator into account. This European Standard provides a framework within which the range of more specific ergonomics standards and other related standards rele
30、vant to machinery design should be applied. The ergonomic principles given in this European Standard apply to all ranges of human abilities and characteristics to ensure safety, health and well-being and overall system performance. Information will need to be interpreted to suit the intended use. NO
31、TE Although the principles in this European Standard are orientated towards machinery for occupational use, they are also applicable to equipment and machinery for private use. BS EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)6 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensa
32、ble for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 894-3, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and cont
33、rol actuators Part 3: Control actuators !deleted text“ EN ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical
34、principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) !EN ISO 14121-1, Safety of machinery Risk assessment Part 1: Principles (ISO 14121-1:2007)“ 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 allocation of functions process of deciding how system function
35、s shall be implemented, by humans, by equipment and/or hardware and/or software EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.1 3.2 design population designated group of workers delimited as a percentile range of the general population, defined according to relevant characteristics, e.g. gender, age, skill level, etc. EN ISO
36、 6385:2004, 2.2 3.3 ergonomics study of human factors scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall sy
37、stem performance EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.3 3.4 job organization and sequence in time and space of an individuals work tasks or the combination of all human performance by one worker within a work system EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.4 3.5 system function broad category of activity performed by a system BS EN 614-
38、1:2006+A1:2009EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)7 EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.5 3.6 well-being condition perceived by the operator when using the machine as intended by reducing discomfort, fatigue and psychological stress to the minimum possible due to ergonomic principles NOTE Well-being is a part of good health a
39、ccording to the WHO. 3.7 work environment physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social and cultural factors surrounding a worker EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.6 3.8 work equipment tools, including hardware and software, machines, vehicles, devices, furniture, installations and other components used
40、in the work system EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.7 3.9 operator worker person or persons given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or transporting, machinery EU Directive 98/37/EC, Annex 1, 1.1.1, 3rdsubclause 3.10 work fatigue mental or physical, local or general no
41、n-pathological manifestation of excessive strain, completely reversible with rest EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.9 3.11 work organization sequence and interaction of work systems fitted together to produce a specific result EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.10 3.12 work process sequence in time and space of the interaction
42、of workers, work equipment, materials, energy and information within a work system EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.11 3.13 workstation combination and spatial arrangement of work equipment, surrounded by the work environment under the conditions imposed by the work tasks EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.12 BS EN 614-1:2006+
43、A1:2009EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)8 3.14 work strain internal response of the worker to being exposed to work stress depending on his/her individual characteristics (e.g. size, age, capacities, abilities, skills, etc.) EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.13 3.15 work stress external load sum of those external conditi
44、ons and demands in the work system which act to disturb a persons physiological and/or psychological state EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.14 3.16 workspace volume allocated to one or more persons in the work system to complete the work task EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.15 3.17 work system system comprising one or more
45、workers and work equipment acting together to perform the system function, in the workspace, in the work environment, under the conditions imposed by the work tasks EN ISO 6385:2004, 2.16 3.18 work task activity or set of activities required by the worker to achieve an intended outcome EN ISO 6385:2
46、004, 2.17 3.19 accessible design design focussed on principles of extending standard design to people with some type of performance limitation to maximize the number of potential customers who can readily use a product, building or service which may be achieved by - designing products, services and
47、environments that are readily usable by most users without any modification, - by making products or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces), and - by having standardized interfaces to be compatible with special products for persons with disabilities. NOTE 1 Terms such as de
48、sign for all, barrier-free design, inclusive design and transgenerational design are used similarly but in different contexts. NOTE 2 Accessible design is a subset of universal design where products and environments are usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adap
49、tation or specialised design. CEN/CENELEC Guide 6, 3.2 BS EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009 (E)9 4 General principles 4.1 General Safety of machinery requires that ergonomic aspects are addressed. !Risk reduction by inherently safe design measures is required by EN ISO 12100 which includes the need to follow ergonomic principles.“ This European Standard describes these ergonomic principles and gives a framework for incorporating them into the design process. The observance of ergonomic principles applies t
