1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 894-4:2010Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements fordesign of displays and controlactuatorsPart 4: Location and arrangement ofdisplays and control actuatorsBS EN 894-4
2、:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 894-4:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary
3、.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 63541 0ICS 13.110; 13.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publish
4、ed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 894-4:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 894-4 June 2010 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English Version Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requireme
5、nts for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators Scurit des machines - Spcifications ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs de signalisation et organes de service - Partie 4: Agencement et arrangement des dispositifs d
6、e signalisation et organes de service Sicherheit von Maschinen - Ergonomische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen - Teil 4: Lage und Anordnung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/
7、CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to
8、 any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versio
9、ns. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slov
10、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN n
11、ational Members. Ref. No. EN 894-4:2010: EBS EN 894-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principles for location and arrangement of displays and control actuators .65 Phases and steps for location and arrangemen
12、t of displays and control actuators .85.1 Phase 1 Evaluation of task/activities and information collection 85.1.1 Step 1.1 Define tasks and functions .85.1.2 Step 1.2 Determine the operators relevant physical and cognitive characteristics .85.2 Phase 2 Evaluation of task requirements and constraints
13、 85.2.1 Step 2.1 List of displays and control actuators .85.2.2 Step 2.2 Determine general priorities .85.2.3 Step 2.3 Define operators work postures 95.2.4 Step 2.4 Define space constraints 95.2.5 Step 2.5 Define and analyse information flows 105.3 Phase 3 Location of displays and control actuators
14、 . 105.3.1 Step 3.1 Identify location of zones within fields of vision and actuation areas for primary and secondary elements 105.3.2 Step 3.2 Specify location of consoles and panels . 135.3.3 Step 3.3 Locate displays and control actuators on consoles and panels according to priorities and constrain
15、ts . 145.4 Phase 4 Arrangement of displays and control actuators principles and applications . 175.4.1 General . 175.4.2 Step 4.1 Arrange displays and control actuators among themselves Grouping . 185.4.3 Step 4.2 Ensuring Compatibility 265.4.4 Step 4.3 Ensuring integration of the system 325.5 Phase
16、 5 Implementation and evaluation . 335.5.1 General . 335.5.2 Steps for carrying out an evaluation 33Annex A (informative) Dimensions for sitting and standing consoles . 35Annex B (informative) Coding Methods . 39Annex C (informative) Suitability of Colour Combinations 42Annex ZA (informative) Relati
17、onship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 43Bibliography . 44BS EN 894-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 894-4:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. T
18、his European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
19、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and s
20、upports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement th
21、is European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
22、d and the United Kingdom. BS EN 894-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and the associated EFTA regulations. This document is a type B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The provisions of
23、 this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions o
24、f this type B standard. BS EN 894-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard contains ergonomic requirements for the location and arrangement of displays and control actuators in order to avoid hazards associated with their use. This European Standard applies to displays and control ac
25、tuators for machinery and other interactive equipment (e.g. devices and installations, instrument panels, control and monitoring consoles). This European Standard is not applicable to the location and arrangement of displays and control actuators which are manufactured before the date of its publica
26、tion as EN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 614-1, Safe
27、ty of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators EN 894-2:19
28、97+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays EN 894-3, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 3: Control actuators EN ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office
29、 work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability (ISO 9241-11:1998) EN ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of the human-system interaction Part 110: Dialogue principles (ISO 9241-110:2006) EN ISO 12100-1:2003 Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Bas
30、ic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 control/display ratio C/D ratio ratio of the movement of a control actuator to that of an associated element,
31、display or controlled object 3.2 elements generic term for displays and control actuators on consoles and panels 3.3 primary element element frequently used for direct operation and monitoring of the system which includes safety and emergency related elements BS EN 894-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 6 3.4
32、secondary element element not frequently used for the direct operation of a system EXAMPLE The time and duration of use can be freely selected. 3.5 grouping arrangement of several elements of a system in such a way that they appear to be associated functionally 3.6 coding procedure within the design
33、 process by which categories of information (e.g. form, colour, etc.) are allocated to elements for the purpose of reliable identification 3.7 arrangement way of combining or separating displays and control actuators relative to their function, task and/or location 3.8 surface surface on which eleme
34、nts are positioned and arranged, considering task priorities, information flows, and space constraints 4 Principles for location and arrangement of displays and control actuators The location and arrangement of displays and control actuators are intended to ensure the general reliability, safety and
35、 efficiency of the human-machine system. The most important tasks of the operator are to monitor, control and ensure continuous availability of the technical system and the interaction of its elements. This shall place the operator in a position to fulfil the following functions correctly and on tim
36、e without becoming overtaxed: to perceive the current tasks; to control the operation; to select and/or develop suitable action strategies. Basic principles for human machine interaction are given in EN 894-1. The following describes a design procedure that will assist designers and manufacturers in
37、 complying with the requirements in this standard. It consists of six main phases, each of which contains several more detailed steps. These steps should be carried out iteratively until the requirements are met. The procedure is illustrated in Figure 1. In Phase 0 the initial information about the
38、overall purpose, design goals and roles of the operators (see EN 894-1) is assembled. BS EN 894-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 7 Key Possible iteration Figure 1 Design procedure for location and arrangement NOTE For details of each step see Clause 5 (e.g. step 1.1 is in 5.1.1; step 3.1 in 5.3.1). BS EN 894
39、-4:2010EN 894-4:2010 (E) 8 5 Phases and steps for location and arrangement of displays and control actuators 5.1 Phase 1 Evaluation of task/activities and information collection 5.1.1 Step 1.1 Define tasks and functions Typical operator tasks are e.g. monitoring, error detection, diagnosis of faults
40、 and performing control actions; the following operating situations should be considered: start up, normal operation, troubleshooting, shutdown, emergency stop, etc., see EN 894-1, -2 and -3. Task sequence and relevant information flows shall be recorded for each relevant operating situation. If two
41、 or more operators may work at the same workplace the interactions between their tasks, control actions and information flows shall be specified to help avoid possible conflicts and improve overall safety. 5.1.2 Step 1.2 Determine the operators relevant physical and cognitive characteristics The gen
42、eral principle as defined in EN 614-1, e.g. strength, body size, visual acuity, skills, experience and disabilities, shall be considered. Specific information on relevant physical characteristics for displays and control actuators is given in EN 894-2 and -3. 5.2 Phase 2 Evaluation of task requireme
43、nts and constraints 5.2.1 Step 2.1 List of displays and control actuators Types of displays and control actuators which comply with the relevant requirements of EN 894-2 and EN 894-3 should be compiled in a list. Technological features and/or constraints such as for multifunctional elements, e.g. to
44、uch screens, scroll balls, remote or handheld controllers need to be assessed. 5.2.2 Step 2.2 Determine general priorities The task requirements for each operational situation shall be specified and prioritized taking into account safety, performance and usability goals. Task requirements include ac
45、curacy, speed, force, frequency, importance, duration of use, sensitivity to error and sequence of use, etc. Tasks should be assigned a level of priority, i.e. primary or secondary elements as defined in 3.3 and 3.4. These priorities are used in Phase 3 to help locate displays and control actuators,
46、 and to exclude unnecessary elements. The activities that make up the tasks should be identified, this helps to choose the most appropriate physical arrangements, e.g. which parts of the task can be done seated, which parts of the task require communication with other operators, which parts of the t
47、ask require problem solving activities. There also needs to be consideration of the operators action strategy in each operating situation. The following constraints on activities shall be considered where appropriate: a) need for direct vision over the top of a console e.g. when monitoring supplemen
48、tary information; b) need for continuous direct vision while controlling e.g. during a driving task, using a mobile machine; c) need for indirect vision (by e.g. camera systems) while controlling; d) need for direct vision and interaction with other people, e.g. crane operation; BS EN 894-4:2010EN 8
49、94-4:2010 (E) 9 e) need to use horizontal surfaces e.g. for writing, placing written material, work material, etc. 5.2.3 Step 2.3 Define operators work postures 5.2.3.1 General The postures that have to be adopted when using displays and control actuators need to be specified as they strongly influence where the elements can be placed. Natural (not awkward) body postures s
