1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 900:2014Chemicals used for treatmentof water intended for humanconsumption CalciumhypochloriteBS EN 900:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 900:2014. Itsupersedes BS EN 900:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participat
2、ion in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are
3、 responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80139 6ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority
4、 of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 900:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 900 July 2014 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 900:2007English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for
5、human consumption - Calcium hypochlorite Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Hypochlorite de calcium Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Calciumhypochlorit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 May 2014. C
6、EN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap
7、plication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
8、Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L
9、atvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue M
10、arnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 900:2014 EBS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Description .6 3.1 Identificatio
11、n .6 3.1.1 Chemical name .6 3.1.2 Synonym or common name 6 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass .6 3.1.4 Empirical formula.6 3.1.5 Chemical formula .7 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number ).7 3.1.7 EINECS reference )7 3.2 Commercial form .7 3.3 Physical properties 7 3.3.1 Appearance 7 3.3.2 Density 7 3.3.3 Solubility
12、 in water 7 3.3.4 Vapour pressure 7 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa )7 3.3.6 Melting point .7 3.3.7 Specific heat .7 3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic.8 3.3.9 Critical temperature .8 3.3.10 Critical pressure.8 3.3.11 Physical hardness .8 3.4 Chemical properties 8 4 Purity criteria 8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Composit
13、ion of commercial product .8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products .9 4.4 Chemical parameters 9 5 Test methods 9 5.1 Sampling .9 5.2 Analysis . 10 5.2.1 Determination of calcium hypochlorite content (main product) 10 5.2.2 Dissolution quality (available chlorine after 1 min) . 12 5.2.3 Impurities . 13
14、 5.2.4 Chemical parameters . 14 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage . 16 6.1 Means of delivery 16 6.2 Labelling according to the EU legislation )17 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 17 6.4 Marking 18 6.5 Storage . 18 BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 3 6.5.1 General . 18 6.5.2 Long term
15、stability 18 6.5.3 Storage incompatibilities 19 Annex A (informative) General information on calcium hypochlorite 20 A.1 Origin 20 A.1.1 Raw materials 20 A.1.2 Manufacturing process . 20 A.2 Use 20 A.2.1 Function 20 A.2.2 Form in which it is used 20 A.2.3 Treatment dose 20 A.2.4 Means of application
16、 . 20 A.2.5 Secondary effects 20 A.2.6 Removal of excess product 21 Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety 22 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use 22 B.2 Emergency procedures . 22 B.2.1 First aid . 22 B.2.2 Spillage . 22 B.2.3 Fire 22 Annex C (normative) Determination of arsenic, antimo
17、ny and selenium (atomic absorption spectrometry hydride technique) 23 C.1 General principle . 23 C.2 Interferences 23 C.3 Reagents. 23 C.4 Apparatus . 25 C.4.1 General . 25 C.5 Procedure . 27 C.5.1 Preparation of the apparatus . 27 C.5.2 Preparation of calibration solutions 27 C.5.3 Preparation of t
18、est solutions and standard solutions . 27 C.5.4 Determination of arsenic with sodium borohydride 27 C.5.5 Determination of selenium with sodium borohydride . 28 C.5.6 Determination of antimony with sodium borohydride . 28 C.6 Calculation . 28 C.7 Repeatability limit 28 Annex D (informative) Environm
19、ental, health and safety precautions within chemical laboratory . 29 Bibliography 30 BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 900:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be giv
20、en the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
21、 be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 900:2007. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 900:2007 are as follows: a) deletion of the maximum sodium chloride co
22、ntent and of its relevant method of determination; b) replacement of warning and safety precautions notes by labelling according to REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
23、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slov
24、akia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 5 Introduction With respect to potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard
25、provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of thi
26、s product remain in force. NOTE 1 Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the products in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the products covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authoritie
27、s. NOTE 2 This product is a biocide and needs to comply with the relevant legislation in force. In the European Union, at the time of publication, this legislation is Directive 98/8/EC 1). BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to calcium hypochlorite used for t
28、he treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of calcium hypochlorite and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for calcium hypochlorite. It provides information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to s
29、afe handling and use of calcium hypochlorite (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the la
30、test edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 12846:2012, Water quality - Determination of mercury - Method using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with and without en
31、richment (ISO 12846:2012) ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from
32、powders to coarse lumps ISO 8288, Water quality Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods ISO 9174, Water quality Determination of chromium Atomic absorption spectrometric methods 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name
33、 Calcium hypochlorite. 3.1.2 Synonym or common name None. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 142,99. 3.1.4 Empirical formula Ca(ClO)2. BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 7 3.1.5 Chemical formula Ca(ClO)2. 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)7778-54-3. 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)231-908-7. 3.2 Commercial form The produc
34、t is available as a granular solid or in the form of tablets. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is white free-flowing granules or white tablets. 3.3.2 Density The bulk density is approximately 0,8 g/cm3to 1 g/cm3for loose granular material and 1,2 g/cm3to 1,3 g/cm3for tablets, whi
35、le the density of one tablet is approximately 1,7 g/cm3to 1,9 g/cm3. 3.3.3 Solubility in water The solubility is 180 g/l at 25 C. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not applicable. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3)Not applicable. 3.3.6 Melting point Not applicable as the product decomposes at 177 C. 3.3.7 Specif
36、ic heat Not known. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 8 3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic Not applicable. 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not app
37、licable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Solutions of calcium hypochlorite are alkaline. The pH value of a solution of concentration 10 g/l is about 11,5 at 25 C. Calcium hypochlorite is a strong oxidant and chlorination agent. It reacts with acids or acidic salts to
38、 form chlorine, and can form explosive nitrogen chlorides with ammonia and ammonia compounds. In the presence of inflammable substances, it causes fires and explosions of organic compounds, oxidation reactions occur with the release of heat and of moisture, and it is also highly corrosive to most me
39、tals. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for calcium hypochlorite used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufac
40、turing process other impurities may be present and if so, then the user, and when necessary the relevant authorities, shall be notified. Users of the product should check the national regulations to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, ta
41、king into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in this product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current prod
42、uction process and raw materials. If in the production process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product The product shall contain a minimum of a mass fraction of 65
43、,5 % of calcium hypochlorite (equivalent to an available active chlorine content of at least a mass fraction of 65 %). Dissolution quality, calculated as available chlorine which is obtainable within 1 min after dissolution in water, shall not be less than a mass fraction of 45,5 %. The water conten
44、t at the time of delivery should not exceed a mass fraction of 16 % of the product. As the test method is usually not conducted by the user without danger of explosion, the manufacturer should guarantee BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 9 to maintain this value. If necessary a test laboratory may be req
45、uested to carry out this test. This determination should be carried out by specialists only. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The content of water-insoluble matter shall not exceed a mass fraction of 6 % of the product. NOTE 1 The water insoluble matter consists mainly of carbonates. NOTE 2 Calci
46、um chlorate can be present as a by-product of the production process. 4.4 Chemical parameters The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit in mg/kg of available chlorine Type 1 Type 2 Arsenic (As) max. 5 10 Cadmium (Cd) max. 5 10 Chr
47、omium (Cr) max. 15 15 Mercury (Hg) max. 5 7 Nickel (Ni) max. 8 10 Lead (Pb) max. 15 15 Antimony (Sb) max. 15 15 Selenium (Se) max. 20 20 Limit in g/kg of available chlorine Bromate amax. 2,1 4,2 NOTE Cyanide, which does not exist in a strong oxidizing medium such as calcium hypochlorite is not a rel
48、evant chemical parameter. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. For parametric values of calcium hypochlorite on trace metal content in drinking water, see 2. aBromate is a by-product of the manufacturing process. 5 Test methods 5.1 Samplin
49、g Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take account of ISO 6206. Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required by the relevant procedure described in ISO 8213. BS EN 900:2014EN 900:2014 (E) 10 5.2 Analysis 5.2.1 Determination of calcium hypochlorite content (main product) 5.2.1.1 Principle Calcium hypochlorite reacts with potassium iodide to release iodine in the presence of acetic acid. The iodine is titrated with sodium thiosulfate standard volumetric solution in the presence of starch indicator solution. NOTE 1 It detects all oxidiz
