1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 924:2003 Adhesives Solvent-borne and solvent-free adhesives Determination of flashpoint The European Standard EN 924:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.180 BS EN 924:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy
2、 Committee on 9 May 2003 BSI 9 May 2003 ISBN 0 580 41596 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 924:2003. It supersedes BS EN 924:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/52, Adhesives,
3、 which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the
4、section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicatio
5、n. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor
6、 related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the
7、 document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN924 April2003 ICS83.180 SupersedesEN924:1994 Englishversion AdhesivesSolventborneandsolventfreeadhesives Determinationofflashpoint AdhsifsAdhsifsbasedesolvantsetexemp
8、tsde solvantsDterminationdupointdclair KlebstoffeLsemittelhaltigeundlsemittelfreieKlebstoffe BestimmungdesFlammpunktes ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon14February2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthesta
9、tusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation
10、undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway
11、,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.
12、No.EN924:2003EEN924:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Termsanddefinitions. .5 4 Principle5 5 Safety 6 6 Apparatus .6 7 Samplingandsampletreatment. 8 8 Procedure .8 9 Testsforrefereepurposes 10 10 Calculation10 11 Precision.11 12 Testreport 11 Bibli
13、ography 12EN924:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN924:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC193“Adhesives“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAENOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2003,andconfli
14、ctingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2003. ThisdocumentsupersedesEN924:1994. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germa
15、ny,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN924:2003(E) 4 Introduction ThisEuropeanStandarddescribesonemethodforthedeterminationoftheflashpointofadhesivescontaining volatileorganiccompounds.Itisgenerally
16、equivalenttoISO1523, Paints,varnishes,petroleumandrelated productsDeterminationofflashpointClosedcupequilibriummethod.Bytheprocedurespecifiedinthis EuropeanStandard,differencesbetweentestapparatusofvariousstandarddesignsareminimisedbyensuring thatthetestiscarriedoutonlywhentheproductundertestandthea
17、ir/vapourmixtureaboveitinthetestvessel areapproximatelyintemperatureequilibrium.EN924:2003(E) 5 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesamethodfordeterminingtheflashpointofadhesivescontainingvolatileorganic compoundsandmakesallowancefordeviationsfromstandardatmosphericpressure.Itappliestosolventborne an
18、dsolventfreeadhesivesbutnottowaterborneadhesivescontaininglessthan10%ofsolvents. NOTE Careshouldbetakenintheinterpretationofresultsobtainedfromsolventmixturescontaininghalogenated hydrocarbonsassuchmixturescangiveanomalousresults(seeAnnexA). 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbyda
19、tedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisthisEuro pean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendment
20、orrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN923:1998, AdhesivesTermsanddefinitions EN1066, AdhesivesSampling. EN1067, AdhesivesExaminationandpreparationofsamplesfortesting. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,theter
21、msanddefinitionsgiveninEN923:1998andthefollowing apply: 3.1 flashpoint(closedcup) minimumtemperaturetowhichaproduct,confinedinaclosedcup,istobeheatedforthevapoursemittedtoignite momentarilyinthepresenceofaflame,whenoperatingunderstandardizedconditions NOTE InthisEuropeanStandard,theflashpointiscorre
22、ctedtoanatmosphericpressureof101,3kPa. 4Principle Thetestportionisheatedinasuitablydesignedclosedcupbyimmersingittotherequiredlevelinasuitablebath. Thetemperatureofthebathisslowlyraisedatsucharatethatthedifferenceintemperaturebetweentheliquidin thebathandthetestportioninthecupneverexceeds2C,andthehe
23、atingprocedureensuresthatthe temperatureofthetestportiondoesnotrisemorequicklythanabout0,5Cin1,5min(seeNote1). Duringtheheatingupperiod,ignitiontrialsarecarriedoutatintervalsofnotlessthan1,5min(seeNote2). Thelowesttemperatureatwhichaflashoccursisnotedandfromthisandaduplicatedeterminationtheflashpoin
24、t ofthetestproductiscalculated,correctedtothestandardatmosphericpressureof101,3kPa. NOTE 1 Toensurethatthetestiscarriedoutunderapproximatelyequilibriumconditions,aslowrateofheatingis recommendedbecauseofthelowthermalconductivityofsomeproductsandalsobecauseheattransferbyconvectionis hinderedbythehigh
25、viscosityofmanyproducts.Uniformityoftemperaturethroughouttheproductundertestcanbeassistedby useofastirringdevice,whichisnotoperatedduringanignitiontrial. NOTE2 Aminimumtimeintervalof1,5minisrecommendedtoensurethatasaturationconcentrationofvapourintheair spaceabovethetestportionisreestablishedafterea
26、chignitiontrial.EN924:2003(E) 6 5Safety Personsusingthisstandardshallbefamiliarwithnormallaboratorypractice. Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallsafetyproblems,ifany,associatedwithitsuse. Itistheresponsibilityoftheusertoestablishsafetyandhealthpracticesandtoensurecompliancewithany Europeanornation
27、alregulatoryconditions. 6Apparatus Testcup .Aclosedcupwithaninternallevelindicator(seeFigure1). Key 1 Support 2Thermometers Figure1Closedcupwithfittedstirrer(see6.1)immersedinthebath.(Thestirrerforthebathisnot shown) ExamplesofsuitableclosedcupsincludeAbel,AbelPenskyandPenskyMartens.EN924:2003(E) 7
28、Iftheadhesiveisliabletobeaffectedbythecupmaterial,usuallycopper,analternativemoreappropriatecup material,e.g.stainlesssteel,shallbeused. Thecupmaybefittedwithastirrertoimproveuniformityoftemperature. Ifastirreroriginallyfittedtothetestcupisremoved,theapertureinthecovershallbesecurelypluggedbefore st
29、artingthetest. Essentially,thetestcupshallbefittedwithacoverwhichcarriesanopeningslideandanignitiondevicewhichis insertedtoaprescribedlevelintooneoftheopeningsinthecoverwhenatestismade. Theequipmentissuchthatanignitiontrialcanbeperformedbyopeningtheslide,insertingandremovingthe nozzleoftheignitionde
30、vice,andclosingtheslideagain,withinaperiodof(2,50,5)s. Amechanicallydrivendeviceforopeningtheslideandapplyingtheignitiondevicetotheairvapourmixtureinthe cupispermissibleandthesourceofflamefortheignitiondevicemaybeanysuitableflammablegas. Alternatively,anelectricalignitiondevicecanbeusedinsteadofafla
31、me. 6.2Bath,containingasuitableliquid,capableofbeingadjustedtotherequiredtemperature(see8.2.1.2)andof adequateheatcapacitytomeettherequirementsof8.2.3.6.Abathfittedwithastirrerandthermostatofsuitable rangeisconvenient. Otherproceduresforheatingtheclosedcupmaybeusediftherateofheatingcomplieswiththere
32、quirements giveninclause4. 6.3Thermometers.Thetestcup(6.1)shallbefittedwithathermometerofappropriaterangeanddimensionthat, whenimmersedinthetestportion,measuresitstemperaturewithanerrornogreaterthan0,5C. Athermometerhavingagraduationateach0,5Cisrecommended. Thebath(6.2)shallbefittedwithathermometero
33、fequalprecision. Whenrequired,theaccuracyofthethermometersshallbecheckedagainstareferencestandardbyanauthorised laboratoryusingthestipulatedimmersion. 6.4Support,forholdingthetestcupinthebath(6.2)sothatthecoverandupperedgearehorizontal. Thecupisimmersedindirectcontactwiththeliquidinthebathinsuchapos
34、itionthatthelevelofthetestportionin thecupisthesameasthatoftheliquidinthebath(seeFigure1).EN924:2003(E) 8 7 Samplingandsampletreatment 7.1TakearepresentativesampleoftheadhesivetobetestedinaccordancewithEN1066andexamineand prepareitfortestingasdescribedinEN1067. Samplesshallnotbestoredinplastic(polye
35、thylene,polypropylene,etc.)bottles. 7.2Becauseofthepossibilityoflossofvolatileconstituents,coolthesamplecontainertoatleast10Cbelowthe expectedflashpointbeforeopeningittoremovethetestportion. Thesampleshallreceiveonlytheminimummixingtreatmenttoensureuniformity. Immediatelyafterremovalofthetestportion
36、,tightlyclosethesamplecontainertoensurethatlossofvolatile componentsfromthecontainerisminimised. Ifthisisnotcarriedout,theproductsampleshallbedeemedunsuitableforfurthertesting. 8Procedure 8.1 Preliminarytest Determinetheapproximateflashpointofthesamplebyoneormorepreliminarytests. Thisdeterminesthest
37、artingtemperatureforthedefinitivetest,whichshallbe(51)Cbelowtheexpectedvalue. 8.2 Definitivetest 8.2.1 Preparationofapparatus 8.2.1.1 Setuptheapparatusinadraughtfreeposition,e.g.inahood,andpreferablyinsubduedlight. 8.2.1.2 Adjustthetemperatureoftheliquidinthebath(6.2)to(51)Cbelowtheapproximateflashp
38、ointas determinedaccordingto8.1. 8.2.1.3 Carefullycleananddrythetestcup(6.1),itscoverandthermometer(6.3).Bringthemtoapproximately thesametemperatureasthebathin8.2.1.2. 8.2.2 Testportion 8.2.2.1 Obtainandpreparethetestportioninaccordancewithclause7,andensurethatatalltimesduringthis preparationitstemp
39、eratureisatleast10Cbelowtheexpectedflashpointtemperature. 8.2.2.2 Fillthecupwiththetestportionuntiltheinternallevelindicatorjustdisappearsunderthesurfaceofthe liquid. Takecaretoavoidboththeformationofbubblesandcontactbetweenthesampleandthecupwallabovethelevel indicator. Ifeitheroftheseconditionsoccu
40、rstoasignificantextent,emptythecup,prepareitagainaccordingto8.2.1.3,and fillitwithafreshtestportion.EN924:2003(E) 9 8.2.3Determination 8.2.3.1 Immediatelyafterfillingthecup,placethecoverandthermometerinposition. Supportthecupinthebathsothatthecoverishorizontalandthecupisimmersedindirectcontactwithli
41、quidin thebathandwiththesurfaceofthetestportionatthesamelevelasthatoftheliquidinthebath. Confirmthatthebathisattherequiredtemperatureasdefinedin8.2.1.2. 8.2.3.2 Lighttheflameofthegasignitiondevice(ifused)andadjustittoanapproximatelysphericalshapeof diameter(3,50,5)mm. 8.2.3.3 Assoonasthetestportionh
42、asattainedthesametemperatureastheliquidinthebath(i.e.thestarting temperatureofthedefinitivetest),switchoffthestirrer,ifused,andperformanignitiontrialbyopeningtheslide, insertingandremovingthenozzleofthegasignitiondevice(oroperatingtheelectricalignitiondevice,ifused),and closingtheslideagain,overaper
43、iodof(2,50,5)s. Watchforaflashbetweenopeningandclosingtheslide. 8.2.3.4 Recordwhetherornotaflashhasoccurred. NOTE Whenthevapourmixtureundertestisneartheflashpoint,applicationoftheignitionflamemaygiverisetoahalo; however,theproductisonlydeemedtohaveflashedifacomparativelylargeflameappearsandpropagatesitselfoverthe surfaceoftheliquid.Ifalargeblueflamedoesnotappearasaflash,butinstead
