1、Gas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applicationsBS EN 14359:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14359:2017. It supersedes BS EN 14359:2006+A1:2010, which is withdrawn.The UK par
2、ticipation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid power systems and components, to Subcommittee MCE/18/-/1, Accumulators.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al
3、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 81188 3ICS 23.100.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British
4、Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14359:2017EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14359April 2017ICS 23.100.99 Supersedes EN 14359
5、:2006+A1:2010EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN Ref. No. EN 14359:2017: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nationa
6、l MembersGas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications Accumulateurs hydropneumatiques pour transmissions hydrauliques Hydrospeicher fr Hydraulikanwendungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w
7、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This E
8、uropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members
9、are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
10、Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN 14359:2017 (E)European foreword 41 Scope . 52 Normative references 53 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 63.1 Terms and definitions . 63.2 Symbols and units 74 Materials . 84.1 Requireme
11、nts for metallic materials . 84.2 Material certificates for components of the pressure containing envelope . 95 Basic design and calculation criteria 95.1 General . 95.2 Corrosion . 95.3 Qualification by similarity . 95.4 Design methods 95.4.1 General 95.4.2 Basic symbols, units and description 105.
12、4.3 Maximum allowable values for the nominal design stress for pressure bearing parts 115.5 Design and calculation methods common to all accumulator types .115.5.1 General. 115.5.2 Specific definitions 115.5.3 Cylindrical shells .125.5.4 Dished ends under internal pressure .125.5.5 Isolated openings
13、 and nozzles in spherical shells and spherical centre areas of dished ends 155.5.6 Thread calculation .195.6 Specific design criteria for piston accumulators 225.6.1 Threaded end caps 225.6.2 Tie-rod retained end caps . 285.6.3 Split-ring retained end caps 295.7 Specific design criteria for diaphrag
14、m accumulators .345.7.1 General. 345.7.2 Two-part screwed shell design . 345.7.3 Three-part screwed shell design . 355.7.4 Gas-pre-charging openings 395.8 Specific design criteria for oil ports mainly used in bladder type accumulators .405.8.1 General. 405.8.2 Oil port design and calculation . 406 M
15、anufacture .436.1 General 436.2 Special manufacturing processes for welded diaphragm accumulators .436.2.1 General. 436.2.2 Requirements for the use of permanent backing strips .436.2.3 Electron and laser beam welding . 446.2.4 Welded nozzles .446.2.5 Heat treatment456.2.6 Approval of special weldin
16、g procedures 456.2.7 Qualification of welding procedure specifications 456.2.8 Verification and utilization of welding procedure specifications when applied to welding machines 456.3 Forming of bladder accumulator shells 456.3.1 Processes . 452Contents PageBS EN 14359:2017EN 14359:2017 (E)6.3.2 Heat
17、 treatment466.3.3 Verification of mechanical properties 466.3.4 Visual and ultrasonic examination 477 Inspection and testing .487.1 General 487.2 Design documentation 487.3 Design review and design verification 487.4 Inspection during manufacture . 497.5 Hydrostatic pressure test 497.6 Fatigue perfo
18、rmance evaluation . 497.6.1 General. 497.6.2 Basic symbols and units . 507.6.3 Fatigue test method to demonstrate the probability of failure of the pressure retaining parts . 517.6.4 Similarity analysis 527.6.5 Fatigue test method (see Annex C for example on which the following method is applied) 53
19、7.6.6 Validation of previous fatigue test results 607.6.7 Implementation of testing and presentation of results .617.7 Marking and labelling 647.7.1 General. 647.7.2 Marking method 647.7.3 Marking contents 657.7.4 Information labelling 657.8 Documentation 657.8.1 General. 657.8.2 Process records 668
20、 Safety instructions and equipment for accumulators 668.1 Introduction . 668.2 Safety equipment . 668.2.1 General. 668.2.2 Limitation of pressure 668.2.3 Pressures gauges 678.2.4 Shut-off devices 678.2.5 Fluid side pressure release devices 688.2.6 Gas side release devices 688.3 Tests and examination
21、s before first operation .688.3.1 Examination of documentation including instructions for first operation, stamps and CE-marks .688.3.2 Examination of proper mounting .688.3.3 Examination of safety equipment 688.4 Supervision and maintenance 69Annex A (informative) Examples of safety equipment confi
22、guration .70Annex B (informative) Manufacturers declaration of conformity form 77Annex C (informative) Basics of statistics and probability analysis of fatigue test results 78Annex D (informative) Example of the application of the fatigue test method .82Annex E (informative) Example of similarity an
23、alysis 87Annex F (informative) Preliminary choice of Ptestiand extrapolation limits of S-N curve 89Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered .92Bibliography .93 ISO ISO pub-date year All rights reserv
24、ed 3BS EN 14359:2017EN 14359:2017 (E)European forewordThis document (EN 14359:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
25、 an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2017 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2017.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not b
26、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN 14359:2006+A1:2010.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For
27、relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.In comparison with EN 14359:2006+A1:2010, the following modifications have been made: In general, references have been aligned to the new Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU; the Scope has bee
28、n broadened so as not to specifically exclude accumulators containing Group 1 liquids or gases; Table 3 - Allowable design stress values for fine grained and heat treated steels has been added; in subclause 7.6, Fatigue performance evaluation, the normative text has been refined; more information is
29、 provided in the informative Annexes C to F; in the Annexes: Conformity assessment modules and activities have been removed from this edition; informative Annexes B and ZA have been updated to take into account the new Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU.Where appropriate, formulae and technique
30、s are consistent with the requirements of EN 13445-3 but this European Standard is presumed to satisfy the essential requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU in its own right.NOTE If any matter of interpretation or doubt arises as to the meaning or effect of any normative part of
31、this European Standard, or as to whether anything should be done or has been omitted to be done, in order that this European Standard should be complied with in full, the matter needs to be referred to the CEN/TC 54 Committee.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
32、organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo
33、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.4BS EN 14359:2017EN 14359:2017 (E)1 Scope1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements for materials, design, manufacture, testing inspection, saf
34、ety equipment configuration and documentation (including instructions for first operation), for commonly-used types of gas-loaded accumulators and pressure vessels used to provide additional gas capacity for fluid power applications (see 1.2).1.2 This European Standard applies to the following types
35、 of components, defined as the pressure-containing envelope of gas-loaded accumulators: bladder type; diaphragm type; piston type; transfer type; pressure vessels used to provide additional gas capacity.They consist of one or several parts joined together by a variety of mechanical means and by weld
36、ing.1.3 This European Standard applies to gas-loaded accumulators which operate with the following conditions: subject to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0,5 bar; working temperature not lower than 50 C and not higher than +200 C; containing all liquids and gases as defined in the Pressure E
37、quipment Directive 2014/68/EU, see Note.NOTE When the accumulator contains Group 1 liquids or gases, consideration relating to risks other than those required by Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU are not covered by this European Standard and will be assessed separately.2 Normative referencesTh
38、e following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 10204,
39、Metallic products Types of inspection documentsEN 13018, Non-destructive testing Visual testing General principlesEN 13445-2, Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: MaterialsEN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: DesignEN 13445-4, Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: FabricationEN ISO 148-1, Metall
40、ic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1)EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes Coarse thread and fine pitch thread (ISO 898-1)EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materia
41、ls Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1)EN ISO 6506-2, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (ISO 6506-2)5BS EN 14359:2017EN 14359:2017 (E)EN ISO 6506-3, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of refer
42、ence blocks (ISO 6506-3)EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1)EN ISO 15614-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure test Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding o
43、f nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1)ISO 262, ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nutsISO 9110-1, Hydraulic fluid power - Measurement techniques - Part 1: General measurement principlesISO 9110-2, Hydraulic fluid power - Measurement techniques - Part 2:
44、 Measurement of average steady-state pressure in a closed conduitISO 10771-1, Hydraulic fluid power - Fatigue pressure testing of metal pressure-containing envelopes - Part 1: Test method3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following
45、terms and definitions apply.3.1.1gas-loaded accumulatorhydraulic accumulator with separator between liquid and gas where the liquid is pressurized using the compressibility of an inert gas (for example nitrogen)Note 1 to entry: The separator can be a bladder, a diaphragm or a piston.Note 2 to entry:
46、 Gas-loaded accumulators have shells, which can consist of cylinders, dished ends and flat plates. Openings are always isolated, located on the axis centre line and positioned at both ends of the accumulator. It is assumed that such vessels are axis-symmetrical.3.1.2bladder accumulatorgas-loaded acc
47、umulator consisting of pressure-retaining shell, either spun-forged from seamless tube, hammer-forged from hollow bar or of welded construction, in which the liquid and gas are separated by a flexible bag or bladder normally retained at one end of the shell3.1.3diaphragm accumulatorgas-loaded accumu
48、lator consisting of pressure-retaining shell assembly, in which the construction can either be screwed or welded, with integral ports in which the liquid and gas are separated by a flexible membrane normally retained at its largest diameter to the shell3.1.4piston accumulatorgas-loaded accumulator c
49、onsisting of cylinder body and end cap assemblies in which the liquid and gas are separated by a rigid sliding piston3.1.5transfer type accumulatorgas-loaded accumulator with a port for connecting additional gas capacity from one or more pressure vessels (e.g. gas bottle)6 BS EN 14359:2017EN 14359:2017 (E)3.1.6pressure vessels providing additional gas capacityinter-connected pressure vessels consisting of body and, depending upon construction, port assemblies used to provide additional gas capacity and communicati
