1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14531-2:2015Railway applications Methods for calculation ofstopping and slowing distancesand immobilization brakingPart 2: Step by step calculations for trainsets or single vehiclesBS EN 14531-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK impl
2、ementation of EN 14531-2:2015. It supersedes BS EN 14531-6:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK committee draws users attention to the distinction between normative and informative elements, as defined in Clause 3 of the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3.Normative: Requirements conveying criteria t
3、o be fulfilled if compliance with the document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted.Informative: Information intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. Informative annexes do not contain requirements, except as optional requirements, and are not mandatory. For
4、example, a test method may contain requirements, but there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with the standard.When speeds in km/h require unit conversion for use in the UK, users are advised to use equivalent values rounded to the nearest whole number. The use of abso
5、lute values for converted units should be avoided in these cases. Please refer to the table below for agreed conversion figures:INS, RST and ENE speed conversionskm/h mph2 13 15 310 515 1020 1030 2040 2550 3060 4080 50100 60120 75140 90150 95160 100170 105180 110190 120200 125220 135225 140230 14525
6、0 155280 175300 190320 200350 220360 225BS EN 14531-2:2015BRITISH STANDARDThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RAE/4, Railway Applications - Rolling stock systems to Subcommittee RAE/4/-/1, Railway applications - Braking.A list of organizations represented on
7、this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 7621
8、9 2ICS 45.060.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedThis page deliber
9、ately left blankBS EN 14531-2:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14531-2 December 2015 ICS 45.060.01 Supersedes EN 14531-6:2009English Version Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking - Part 2: Step by step calc
10、ulations for train sets or single vehicles Applications ferroviaires - Mthodes de calcul des distances darrt, de ralentissement et dimmobilisation - Partie 2 : Calcul pas pas pour des compositions de trains ou vhicules isols Bahnanwendungen - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Anhalte- und Verzgerungsbrem
11、swege und der Feststellbremsung - Teil 2: Schrittweise Berechnungen fr Zugverbnde oder Einzelfahrzeuge This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 June 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standar
12、d the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
13、French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulga
14、ria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tur
15、key andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. R
16、ef. No. EN 14531-2:2015 EBS EN 14531-2:2015EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and indices 6 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols and indices . 6 4 General algorithm to conduct a step-by-step c
17、alculation . 8 5 Stopping and slowing distances calculation 8 5.1 Accuracy of input values . 8 5.2 General characteristics . 9 5.2.1 General 9 5.2.2 Train resistance . 9 5.3 Brake equipment type characteristics 9 5.3.1 General 9 5.3.2 Characteristics of friction brake equipment types . 9 5.3.3 Chara
18、cteristics of the other brake equipment types . 10 5.3.4 Time characteristics of each brake equipment type . 10 5.3.5 Blending concept 10 5.4 Initial and operating characteristics . 10 5.4.1 Mean gradient of the track 10 5.4.2 Initial speed 10 5.4.3 Available coefficient of adhesion 10 5.4.4 Level o
19、f the brake demand . 10 5.4.5 Quantity of each brake equipment type available . 10 5.4.6 Calculation in degraded conditions . 11 5.5 Sharing, proportioning of the brake forces achieved forces . 11 5.6 Total retarding force at train level 11 5.7 Time step calculation 11 5.7.1 General . 11 5.7.2 Time
20、integration . 12 5.8 Time calculations . 13 5.8.1 Slowing time (t). 13 5.8.2 Stopping time (t) . 13 5.8.3 Resultant equivalent response time based on distance (te) . 13 5.9 Distance calculations 14 5.9.1 General . 14 5.9.2 Slowing distance (s) 14 5.9.3 Stopping distance (s) 14 5.9.4 Equivalent free
21、run distance (s0) 14 5.10 Deceleration calculations 14 5.10.1 General . 14 5.10.2 Decelerations supplied by each braking force (aj) 14 5.10.3 Equivalent (mean) deceleration (ae) based on distance 15 5.11 Other calculations 15 BS EN 14531-2:2015EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword .
22、4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and indices 6 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols and indices . 6 4 General algorithm to conduct a step-by-step calculation . 8 5 Stopping and slowing distances calculation 8 5.1 Accuracy of input values . 8 5.2
23、General characteristics . 9 5.2.1 General 9 5.2.2 Train resistance . 9 5.3 Brake equipment type characteristics 9 5.3.1 General 9 5.3.2 Characteristics of friction brake equipment types . 9 5.3.3 Characteristics of the other brake equipment types . 10 5.3.4 Time characteristics of each brake equipme
24、nt type . 10 5.3.5 Blending concept 10 5.4 Initial and operating characteristics . 10 5.4.1 Mean gradient of the track 10 5.4.2 Initial speed 10 5.4.3 Available coefficient of adhesion 10 5.4.4 Level of the brake demand . 10 5.4.5 Quantity of each brake equipment type available . 10 5.4.6 Calculatio
25、n in degraded conditions . 11 5.5 Sharing, proportioning of the brake forces achieved forces . 11 5.6 Total retarding force at train level 11 5.7 Time step calculation 11 5.7.1 General . 11 5.7.2 Time integration . 12 5.8 Time calculations . 13 5.8.1 Slowing time (t). 13 5.8.2 Stopping time (t) . 13
26、 5.8.3 Resultant equivalent response time based on distance (te) . 13 5.9 Distance calculations 14 5.9.1 General . 14 5.9.2 Slowing distance (s) 14 5.9.3 Stopping distance (s) 14 5.9.4 Equivalent free run distance (s0) 14 5.10 Deceleration calculations 14 5.10.1 General . 14 5.10.2 Decelerations sup
27、plied by each braking force (aj) 14 5.10.3 Equivalent (mean) deceleration (ae) based on distance 15 5.11 Other calculations 15 BS EN 14531-2:2015EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 3 5.11.1 Brake energy 15 5.11.2 Required adhesion value for each axle (req,ax) 16 5.11.3 Maximum braking power of each brake equipment
28、type 16 6 Immobilization brake calculation 16 Annex A (normative) Workflow of kinetic calculations . 17 Annex B (informative) Example of distance and other dynamic calculations . 19 B.1 General . 19 B.1.1 Example train formation 19 B.1.2 Vehicle and train characteristics 20 B.1.2.1 Train mass . 20 B
29、.1.2.2 Train resistance 20 B.1.3 Brake equipment type characteristics 20 B.1.3.1 Electrodynamic brake (depending on adhesion) 20 B.1.3.1.1 Input values 20 B.1.3.1.2 Time characteristic of the electrodynamic brake 20 B.1.3.2 Disc brake (depending on adhesion). 21 B.1.3.2.1 Input values 21 B.1.3.2.2 T
30、ime characteristic of the disc brakes 21 B.1.3.2.3 Speed characteristic of the disc brakes (f(v) 22 B.1.4 Blending concept 22 B.1.5 Initial and operating characteristics . 22 B.1.5.1 Gradient . 22 B.1.5.2 Initial speed 22 B.1.5.3 Quantity of each brake equipment type available 22 B.1.6 Wheel data. 2
31、3 B.2 Calculation results 23 B.2.1 Braking force of single brake equipment type related to the entity 23 B.2.2 Total braking force per braking equipment type and train resistance 24 B.2.3 Stopping distance . 25 B.2.4 Stopping time . 26 B.2.5 Resultant equivalent response time 26 B.2.6 Equivalent (me
32、an) deceleration based on distance . 26 B.2.7 Decelerations . 26 B.2.8 Required adhesion . 27 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC 29 Bibliography . 32 BS EN 14531-2:2015EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 4 European foreword Th
33、is document (EN 14531-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by J
34、une 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. This document supersedes EN 14531-6:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements o
35、f EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This series of European standards EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking consis
36、ts of: Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or single vehicles; Part 2: Step-by-step calculations for train sets or single vehicles. The two parts are interrelated and should be considered together when conducting the step-by-step calculation of stopping and slo
37、wing distances. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standa
38、rds organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux
39、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14531-2:2015EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14531-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applic
40、ations”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. This
41、document supersedes EN 14531-6:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex Z
42、A, which is an integral part of this document. This series of European standards EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking consists of: Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or single vehic
43、les; Part 2: Step-by-step calculations for train sets or single vehicles. The two parts are interrelated and should be considered together when conducting the step-by-step calculation of stopping and slowing distances. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
44、may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austr
45、ia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
46、, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14531-2:2015EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard describes a common calculation method for railway applications. It describes the general algorithms utilizing step by step calculation for use in the design and validation of bra
47、ke equipment and braking performance for all types of train sets and single vehicles. In addition, the algorithms provide a means of comparing the results of other braking performance calculation methods. The EN 14531 series was originally planned to have six parts covering the calculation methodolo
48、gy to be used when conducting calculations relating to the braking performance of various types of railway vehicles under the heading EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping, slowing distances and immobilization braking. The six parts were as follows: Part 1: General algor
49、ithms Part 2: Application to single freight wagon Part 3: Application to mass transit (LRVs and D- and E- MUs) Part 4: Application to single passengers coach Part 5: Application to locomotive Part 6: Application to high speed trains EN 14531-1 was originally published in 2005 followed by EN 14531-6 which was published in 2009. Following the publication of these parts, it was decided that a common methodology could be used for parts 2 to 5 and this should be contained under a revised version of Part 1 and Part 6 with a title of Railwa
