1、BS EN14531-6:2009ICS 45.060.01NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDRailway applications Methods forcalculation of stoppingand slowing distancesand immobilisationbrakingPart 6: Step by step calculations fortrain sets or single vehiclesCopyright Europea
2、n Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 3 Ju2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 57772 7Amend
3、ments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 14531-6:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14531-6:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/4, Braking.A list of organizations represented on this committee
4、can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.0 neCopyright European Committee for St
5、andardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14531-6May 2009ICS 45.060.01English VersionRailway applications - Methods for calculation of stop
6、ping andslowing distances and immobilisation braking - Part 6: Step bystep calculations for train sets or single vehiclesApplications ferroviaires - Mthodes de calcul desdistances darrt, de ralentissement et dimmobilisation -Partie 6: Calculs pas pas pour des compositions de trainsou vhicules isolsB
7、ahnanwendungen - Verfahren zur Berechnung derAnhalte- und Verzgerungsbremswege und derFeststellbremsung - Teil 6: Schrittweise Berechnungen frZugverbnde oder EinzelfahrzeugeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul
8、ations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This Eur
9、opean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the nati
10、onal standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un
11、ited Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14531-6:2009: EC
12、opyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4Introduction 51 Scope 62 Normative references . 63 Definitions, s
13、ymbols and abbreviations . 63.1 Terms and definitions . 63.2 Symbols and indices 74 General algorithms . 104.1 General algorithm to calculate stopping and slowing distances 104.2 General algorithm to calculate immobilization brake . 105 Stopping and slowing distances calculation . 105.1 Accuracy of
14、input values 105.2 General characteristics 105.3 Brake equipment characteristics 125.4 Initial and operating characteristics . 235.5 Sharing, proportioning of the brake forces - achieved forces . 255.6 Braking force per axle 255.7 Total force on train level. 255.8 Time step integration loop . 265.9
15、Other decelerations 265.10 Time 275.11 Distance calculations . 285.12 Other calculations . 296 Immobilization brake calculation 316.1 General . 316.2 General characteristics 326.3 Characteristics of the immobilization brake equipment . 326.4 Train and operating characteristics 326.5 Immobilization f
16、orce provided by each equipment type . 336.6 Immobilization force . 336.7 External forces 346.8 Final results . 35Annex A (normative) Workflow of kinetic and static calculations 37Annex B (informative) Example of time step integration loop . 40Annex C (informative) Example of distance and other dyna
17、mic calculations . 41C.1 Input data . 41C.1.1 Mass data . 41C.1.2 Wheel data . 42C.1.3 Train resistance . 42C.1.4 Data for brake equipment types 42C.1.5 Characteristics and settings of the brake equipment . 44C.1.6 Initial and final speed 44C.1.7 Gradient . 44C.2 Calculation results 45C.2.1 Braking
18、force of single equipments and train resistance . 45C.2.2 Total braking force per equipment type and train resistance 46C.2.3 Distances . 46Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
19、m IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 3 C.2.4 Stopping time 47C.2.5 Equivalent response time 47C.2.6 Equivalent deceleration 47C.2.7 Decelerations . 47C.2.8 Required adhesion 48Annex D (informative) Example of immobilisation calculations 50D.1 Input data . 50D.1.1 Mass data . 50D.1.2 Wheel
20、 data . 51D.1.3 Train resistance . 51D.1.4 Wind force on the train . 51D.1.5 Data for axle related disc brake equipment . 51D.1.6 Gradient . 52D.1.7 Available adhesion 52D.1.8 Brake equipment in use 52D.2 Calculation results of the immobilisation calculation . 52D.2.1 Immobilisation force . 52D.2.2
21、Immobilisation safety factor 53D.2.3 Required adhesion per axle . 53D.2.4 Maximum achievable gradient . 53Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EC Directive 2008/27/EC 54Bibliography . 57Copyright European Committee for Standardization P
22、rovided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14531-6:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of whic
23、h is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the pos
24、sibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This Standard1is one in a series of six, under the generic title EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calcula
25、tion of stopping distances, slowing distances and immobilization braking. The other five are: Part 1: General algorithms; Part 2: Application to Single Freight Wagon (in preparation); Part 3: Application to mass transit (in preparation); Part 4: Single passenger coaches (in preparation); Part 5: Loc
26、omotives (in preparation). This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which i
27、s an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greec
28、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 1Although it was originally intended to prepare a series of six parts for this Standard, the intention is
29、now to rationalize and restructure the Standard so that it comprises fewer parts. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 5 Introduc
30、tion The objective of this European Standard is to enable the railway industries and operators to work with a common calculation method. It describes the adapted algorithms and step-by-step calculations for the design of brake equipment for all types of train sets, electrical multiple units, diesel
31、multiple units and single vehicles. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard describes a general alg
32、orithm that may be used in all types of high speed and conventional vehicle applications, including self-propelling thermal or electric trains, thermal or electric traction units; passenger carriages, mobile railway infrastructure construction and maintenance equipment and freight wagons. This stand
33、ard does not specify the performance requirements. It enables the calculation of the various aspects of the performance: stopping or slowing distances, dissipated energy, force calculations and immobilization braking. This standard enables the verification by calculation of the stopping, slowing and
34、 immobilization performance requirements for high speed and conventional trains operating on high speed and conventional infrastructure. Other calculation methods may be used providing that the order of accuracy achieved is in accordance with this European Standard. This standard presents: a) exampl
35、e of distance and other dynamic calculations, see Annex C; b) example of immobilisation calculations, see Annex D. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refer
36、ences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14478:2005, Railway applications Braking Generic vocabulary EN 14531-1:2005, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping distances, slowing distances and immobilization braking Part 1: General al
37、gorithms prEN 15328, Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads 2ISO 80000-3:2006, Quantities and units Part 3: Space and time ISO 80000-4:2006, Quantities and units Part 4: Mechanics 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitio
38、ns given in EN 14478:2005, EN 14531-1:2005, ISO 80000-3:2006, ISO 80000-4:2006, and the following apply. 3.1.1 static mass per axle (1) mass, measured by weighing at the wheel-rail interface, or estimated from design evaluation of each axle in a stationary condition 2 At the time of publication, thi
39、s Standard was in the process of being prepared. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 7 (2) mass of the train divided by the quan
40、tity of axles in case where the static mass per axle is not known 3.1.2 static mass of the train summation of all the static mass per axle values, including all operating loads 3.1.3 brake equipment type group of equipment the purpose of which is to provide braking force 3.1.4 isolated brake equipme
41、nt status of inoperable brakes on e.g. bogie (see EN 14478) 3.1.5 active brake equipment equipment considered during the calculation of a specific type of braking (in opposition with isolation) (see EN 14478) 3.1.6 step by step calculation numerical method with finite time steps NOTE Synonym for a n
42、umerical type of solving an integral. 3.2 Symbols and indices For the purposes of this document, the general symbols given in Table 1 and indices given in Table 2 apply. NOTE Specific symbols and indices are defined in the relevant clauses. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided b
43、y IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 8 Table 1 Symbols Symbol Definition Unit A area m2Asswept area of a friction surface m2a deceleration m/s2B braked weight t D wheel diameter m d diamet
44、er m F force NFBbraking force N Fgdownhill force on the train N f coefficient of friction - gnstandard acceleration of free fall = 9,80665 m/s2(refer to ISO 80000-3) m/s2i gradient a - iCcylinder ratio - irigrigging ratio - itratransmission ratio - m mass kgn quantity -P power Wp pressure PaR wheel
45、radius m r radius m s distanceS safety factor - t time s coefficient of adhesion - v speed m/W energy JWSenergy per square unit J/m2 brake percentage - coefficient of friction (brake pad or blocks) - efficiency -aRising gradient is positive; e.g. for a gradient of 5 i = 0,005.Copyright European Comm
46、ittee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 14531-6:2009EN 14531-6:2009 (E) 9 Table 2 General indices Symbol Term AMG attraction force for a magnetic track brake ax axle a available B frictio
47、n BEC braking force for an eddy current brake BED electro-dynamic braking force BFR fluid retarder braking force BMG braking force for a magnetic brake b block or pad bog bogie C cylindercha characteristic Bd brake force demand disc disc dyn dynamic e or 2 final e equivalent ext external H hand brak
48、e i brake equipment type im immobilization, parking, holding int internal inst instantaneous m average, meanmax maximum min minimummot motor m_unsp unsprung mass MG magnetic brake n normal direction r responsen Ra train resistance to motion req required rig riggingrot rotating R1 return spring R2 reg
