1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14614:2004 BS 6068-5.36:2004 Water quality Guidance standard for assessing the hydromorphological features of rivers The European Standard EN 14614:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.060.70 BS EN 14614:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority
2、of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 24 January 2005 BSI 24 January 2005 ISBN 0 580 45346 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14614:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality
3、, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this docum
4、ent may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
5、Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for cha
6、nge, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this
7、 document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14614 November2004 ICS13.060.70 Englishversion WaterQualityGuidancestandardforassessingthe hydromorphologicalfeaturesofrivers Qualitdeleau
8、Guidepourlvaluationdes caractristiqueshydromorphologiquesdesrivires WasserbeschaffenheitAnleitungzurBeurteilung hydromorphologischerEigenschaftenvonFliegewssern ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon23September2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatethecond
9、itionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).
10、Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hun
11、gary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 200
12、4CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14614:2004:EEN 14614:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3 Principle9 4 Survey requirements .9 4.1 River types9 4.2 Dividing rivers into reaches11 4
13、.3 Survey strategy11 4.4 Scale of surveys and evaluations 13 4.5 Timing and frequency of field surveys13 4.6 Reference conditions 13 5 Features for survey and assessment 14 5.1 Standard suite of features 14 5.2 Feature recording related to purpose and method of data gathering14 6 Field survey proced
14、ure .16 7 Classification and reporting based on hydromorphological assessment.17 7.1 General17 7.2 Bed and bank character 17 7.3 Planform and river profile .17 7.4 Lateral connectivity and freedom of lateral movement .17 7.5 Free flow of water and sediment in the channel.17 7.6 Vegetation in the rip
15、arian zone 17 8 Data presentation.18 8.1 General18 9 Quality assurance19 9.1 Training and quality assurance for survey and assessment 19 9.2 Training manuals .19 9.3 Data entry and validation 19 Bibliography 20 EN 14614:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14614:2004) has been prepared by Technical
16、 Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
17、the latest by May 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
18、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. WARNING Safety issues are paramount when surveying rivers. Surveyors should conform to EU and national Health and Safety legislation, and any
19、 additional guidelines appropriate for working in or near rivers. EN 14614:2004 (E) 4 Introduction Historically, many countries in Europe have assessed river quality simply in terms of the chemical or pollution status of the water flowing in river channels. A more comprehensive view of river habitat
20、s is needed, however, to answer pressing ecological questions such as those arising from the EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) (Commission of the European Communities, 2000) and the EC Habitats Directive, to underpin the International Convention on Biodiversity, or to assess proposed river engineer
21、ing schemes and other catchment developments. In most European countries there are now pressures from statutory and voluntary environment and conservation agencies to see rivers returned to a more natural condition. This implies a need to evaluate areas deserving protection and those requiring rehab
22、ilitation, and to encourage better management of river systems throughout Europe. EN 14614:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document provides guidance on the features to be recorded when characterising and assessing the hydromorphology of rivers. It is based on methods developed, tested, and compared in Euro
23、pe. Its main aim is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological survey methods, data processing, interpretation and presentation of results. Whilst it has particular importance in relation to the reporting requirements of the WFD, it also has considerably wider scope for other applications. A
24、lthough hydromorphology is dependent on hydrology and underlying geology, this standard is focused on the structural features of rivers and on river continuity. In addition, whilst recognising the important influence of hydromorphology on plant and animal ecology and, conversely, the influence of pl
25、ants and animals on hydromorphology, no attempt is made to provide guidance in this area. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aquatic macrophytes larger plants of fresh water which are easily seen with the naked eye, including all
26、 aquatic vascular plants, bryophytes, stoneworts (Characeae) and macro-algal growths NOTE This definition includes plants associated with open water or wetlands with shallow water. 2.2 attribute specific recorded element of a hydromorphological feature (e.g. boulders and silt are substrate attribute
27、s; sheet piling and gabions are attributes of engineered banks) 2.3 backwater area of low velocity or static water under dry-weather flows, most commonly former river channels or flood channels within the alluvial floodplain, connected to the river channel at least in periods of high flow 2.4 bank p
28、ermanent side of a river or island, which is above the normal water level and only submerged during periods of high river flow NOTE In the context of this standard, the top is marked by the first major break in slope, above which cultivation or development is possible. 2.5 bankfull maximum point on
29、banks at which floods are held within the channel before spilling over onto the floodplain 2.6 berm natural or artificial shelf within a river that is exposed above water level during low flows, but is submerged during high flows 2.7 bog wetland, in which the vegetation communities (frequently domin
30、ated by Sphagnum mosses) form peat over long periods of time EN 14614:2004 (E) 6 2.8 braiding course of a river naturally divided by deposited sediment accumulations, characterised by at least two channels which often change their course regularly 2.9 bryophytes collective term for liverworts and mo
31、sses plants which are often abundant on boulders and bedrock of upland streams 2.10 compaction consolidation of the river bed through physical, chemical or biological processes 2.11 contiguous survey survey carried out along entire river reaches, with data collected from adjoining survey units 2.12
32、ecological status expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, expressed by comparing the prevailing conditions with reference conditions NOTE As classified in accordance with Annex V of the EC Water Framework Directive. 2.13 embankment (levee) artificial bank bu
33、ilt to raise the natural bank level thereby reducing the frequency of flooding of adjacent land 2.14 floodplain valley floor adjacent to a river that is (or was historically) inundated periodically by flood waters 2.15 fluvial features features shaped by sedimentation and erosion 2.16 gabion wire ba
34、sket containing stones, used for river-bed or bank protection 2.17 glide moderately-flowing water with undisturbed surface other than occasional swirls or eddies, and with constant depth across part of the channel (cf run). 2.18 hydromorphology physical and hydrological characteristics of rivers inc
35、luding the underlying processes from which they result 2.19 lateral connectivity freedom for water to move between the channel and the floodplain 2.20 lateral movement freedom for a river channel to move across a floodplain EN 14614:2004 (E) 7 2.21 levee see embankment 2.22 planform view of river pa
36、ttern from above (e.g. sinuous, straight) 2.23 point bar bar of river sediment formed on the inside of a bend in a river (cf. side bar) 2.24 pool habitat feature characterised by distinctly deeper parts of the channel that are usually no longer than one to three times the channels bankfull width, an
37、d where the hollowed river bed profiles are sustained by scouring 2.25 reach major sub-division of a river, defined by physical, hydrological, and chemical character that distinguishes it from other parts of the river system upstream and downstream 2.26 reference conditions conditions representing a
38、 totally undisturbed state, lacking human impact, or near-natural with only minor evidence of distortion NOTE For waters not designated as heavily modified or artificial, synonymous with high ecological status in the Water Framework Directive. 2.27 revetment facing built to reinforce a bank 2.28 rif
39、fle fast-flowing shallow water with distinctly broken or disturbed surface over gravel/pebble or cobble substrate 2.29 riparian zone area of land adjoining a river channel (including the river bank) capable of directly influencing the condition of the aquatic ecosystem (e.g. by shading and leaf litt
40、er input) NOTE In this document, the term riparian zone does not include the wider floodplain. 2.30 riparian zone vegetation structure physical character of the vegetation that creates habitat on the banks and land immediately adjacent to the river; e.g. complex mixture of trees or scrub, herbaceous
41、 vegetation, etc. or simple e.g. only herbaceous vegetation 2.31 river rehabilitation partial return of a river to a pre-disturbance condition (e.g. by changing the planform of channelised reaches, or planting riparian vegetation) EN 14614:2004 (E) 8 2.32 river type group of rivers that can be broad
42、ly differentiated from other groups on the basis of their physical and chemical characteristics (e.g. lowland chalk streams; upland ultra-oligotrophic rivers) 2.33 run fast-flowing water with a disturbed, but not broken, surface (cf. glide) 2.34 sheet piling material used for vertical bank protectio
43、n (e.g. corrugated metal sheets) 2.35 side bar discrete sediment deposit made by the river along the sides of relatively straight reaches (cf. point bar) 2.36 sinuosity degree of deviation from a straight line, defined as channel length/valley length 2.37 stream ordering methods for classifying rive
44、rs and streams related to the complexity of the drainage basin, generally with progressively higher order numbers usually assigned to streams with greater discharge lower down the catchment 2.38 survey unit length of river from which data are collected during field survey; this may be a fixed length
45、 (e.g. 500 m) or variable, according to the method used, but must always be defined and recorded 2.39 submerged vegetation plants rooted to the bed and either completely submerged or with only part of their shoots floating or emergent 2.40 substrate/substratum material making up the bed of a river 2
46、.41 weir structure used for controlling flow and upstream surface level, or for measuring discharge 2.42 wetlands habitats (e.g. marsh, fen, shallow temporary water) occupying the transitional zone between permanently inundated, and generally dry, environments EN 14614:2004 (E) 9 3 Principle A stand
47、ard assessment protocol is described for recording the physical features of river channels, banks, riparian zones and floodplains. The range of features surveyed, and the methods used for survey, may vary according to river character and the objectives of the study. This standard provides a common f
48、ramework for these different methods, details of which can be found in the references cited in the Bibliography. Guidance is given on the hydromorphological features that should be used for characterising river types and for further assessment of morphological integrity through comparisons with reference conditions. The selection of features for survey will depend upon geographical scale and on the purpose of the exercise, with some features suitable for characterising river types, some for assessment, and some for both. 4 Survey requirements 4.1
