1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14647:2005Calcium aluminate cement Composition, specifications and conformity criteriaThe European Standard EN 14647:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g
2、40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14647:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 February 2006 BSI 22 February 2006ISBN 0 580 47284 1National forewordThis British
3、Standard is the official English language version of EN 14647:2005. It supersedes BS 915-2:1972 which will be withdrawnon 31 July 2007.EN 14647 is a candidate “harmonized” European standard and fully takes into account the requirements of the European Commission mandate M/114, Cement, building limes
4、 and hydraulic binders, given under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC), and is intended to lead to CE marking. The date of applicability of EN 14647 as a harmonized European Standard, i.e. the date after which this standard may be used for CE marking purposes, is subject to an annou
5、ncement in the Official Journal of the European Communities.The Commission in consultation with Member States has agreed a transition period for the co-existence of harmonized European Standards and their corresponding national standard(s). It is intended that this period will comprise a period, usu
6、ally nine months, after the date of availability of the European Standard, during which any required changes to national regulations are to be made, followed by a further period, usually of 12 months, for the implementation of CE marking. At the end of this co-existence period, the national standard
7、(s) will be withdrawn.EN 14647 is the subject of transitional arrangements agreed under the Commission mandate. In the UK, the corresponding national standard of national origin is BS 915-2:1972 and based on this nominal transition period of twenty-one months, BS 915-2:1972 would be withdrawn in Jul
8、y 2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/6, Cement specifications, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries
9、 on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page i, a blank page, the EN title page, pages 2 to 33
10、and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsBS EN 14647:2005iThe UK has consistently expressed concern over the use of the total water-cement (W/C) ratio in Annex A. The Euro
11、pean concrete standard, BS EN 206-1, and its complementary British standard, BS 8500, define W/C ratio as the ratio of effective water content to cement content by mass in the fresh concrete. The effective water content is the difference between the total water present in the fresh concrete and the
12、water absorbed by the aggregates. The total W/C ratio is based on the total water present in the fresh concrete. The UK concerns are that:durability of concrete is related to the effective water content and not the total water content; the recommended maximum total W/C ratio might be misapplied and
13、this could lead to errors that would have a detrimental effect on the durability of the concrete.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred
14、to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
15、of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.blankEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14647October 2005ICS 91.100.10English VersionCalcium aluminate cement - Composition, s
16、pecifications andconformity criteriaCiment daluminates de calcium - Composition,spcifications et critres de conformitTonerdezement - Zusammensetzung, Anforderungen undKonformittskriterienThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 July 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC I
17、nternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN memb
18、er.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are
19、 the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingd
20、om.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14647:2005: EEN 14647:20
21、05 (E) 2Contents PageForeword 3Introduction41 Scope.52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions.54 Calcium aluminate cement (CAC)65 Constituents65.1 Calcium aluminate cement clinker 65.2 Grinding aids.76 Cement type and composition.77 Mechanical, physical and chemical requirements .77.1 Compre
22、ssive strength 77.2 Initial setting time .77.3 Chemical requirements 88 Standard designation .89 Conformity criteria89.1 General requirements.89.2 Conformity criteria and evaluation procedure9Annex A (informative) Guidance for the use of calcium aluminate cement in concrete and mortar 14A.1 Introduc
23、tion.14A.2 Specific characteristics of calcium aluminate cement.15A.3 Hydraulic properties .16A.4 Production of calcium aluminate cement concrete20A.5 Admixtures 21A.6 Use of calcium aluminate cement in particular conditions .22A.7 Rapid test to estimate the minimum long term strength of calcium alu
24、minate cement concretes .23A.8 Bibliography24Annex B (informative) Water-soluble hexavalent chromium.25Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of EU Construction Products Directive .26ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics .26ZA.2 Procedure for the attesta
25、tion of conformity of products .28ZA.3 CE marking and labelling .30Bibliography.33EN 14647:2005 (E) 3Foreword This European Standard (EN 14647:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN/BIN. This European Standard sha
26、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2007. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Eur
27、opean Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard. The requirements in this European Standard are based on the results
28、of tests on cement in accordance with EN 196-1, -2, -3, -5, -6, and 7. The scheme for the evaluation of conformity of calcium aluminate cement is specified in EN 197-2. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to imp
29、lement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdo
30、m. EN 14647:2005 (E) 4IntroductionCalcium aluminate cement was developed during the latter stages of the nineteenth century as an alternative to calcium silicate cement (Portland cement) to prevent structural elements from serious sulfate attack. Whilst it is suitable for sulfate resistance it was a
31、lso found to be exceptionally rapid hardening and resistant to high temperatures. It was this rapid hardening property that led to more general use particularly in precast applications. The hydration of calcium aluminate cement is substantially different from that of Portland cement in that the calc
32、ium aluminate hydrates formed depend upon the temperature at which hydration takes place. At low and normal temperatures (less than 40 C) the hydration process leads to a temporarily high strength. This situation can last for several days or many years, depending mainly upon temperature and humidity
33、, before stable long term hydrates develop. This process, known as conversion, is inevitable. It is the result of a phase transition in the hardened paste of cement and is accompanied by a decrease in strength to a minimum stable level. Misunderstanding of this conversion process and unsuccessful at
34、tempts to maintain the temporary high strength led to failures in several countries during the 1960s and 1970s. In one of the reported failures, the strength of concrete, made with calcium aluminate cement, was reduced even further as a result of chemical attack. Chemical resistance is reduced when
35、porosity of concrete is increased by a high water/cement ratio and conversion. As a result, calcium aluminate cement has been, and remains, excluded from the list of cements permitted in structural concretes in some countries. Guidance for the correct use of this cement is given in Annex A. It inclu
36、des a method which allows the long term strength, i.e. after conversion, to be predicted. NOTE 1 Calcium aluminate cement can be produced in a blastfurnace, using a process of reductive fusion (a method used in Germany until the 1980s) but the cement will have a high level of sulfides which would ex
37、clude it from this European Standard. NOTE 2 Calcium aluminate cement has previously been known by several alternative names in different countries, e.g. high alumina cement; aluminous cement; high alumina melted cement. EN 14647:2005 (E) 51 Scope This European Standard gives a general definition of
38、 calcium aluminate cement and its composition. It includes requirements for the mechanical, physical and chemical properties and also states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Calcium aluminate cement used as a constituent material of formulated mixes for specific applications (e.g. dry
39、mixes) is outside the scope of this European Standard. NOTE Guidance for the correct use of calcium aluminate cement in concrete and mortars is given in Annex A.2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated refere
40、nces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-2:2000, Cement Part 2: Conformity evaluationEN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strengthEN 196-2, Methods of testing cement
41、Part 2: Chemical analysis of cementEN 196-3, Methods of testing cement Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundnessEN 196-7, Methods of testing cement Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following ter
42、ms and definitions apply. 3.1 autocontrol testing continual testing by the manufacturer of cement spot samples taken at the point(s) of release from the factory/depot 3.2 control period period of production and dispatch identified for the evaluation of the autocontrol test results 3.3 characteristic
43、 value value of a required property outside of which lies a specified percentage, the percentile Pkof all the values of the population 3.4 specified characteristic value characteristic value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which in the case of an upper limit is not to be exceeded or i
44、n the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached 3.5 single result limit values value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which - for any single test result - in the case of an upper limit is not to be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached EN
45、14647:2005 (E) 63.6 allowable probability of acceptance CRfor a given sampling plan, the allowed probability of acceptance of cement with a characteristic value outside the specified characteristic value 3.7 sampling plan specific plan which states the (statistical) sample size(s) to be used, the pe
46、rcentile Pkand the allowable probability of acceptance CR3.8 spot sample sample taken at the same time and from one and the same place, relating to the intended tests. It can be obtained by combining one or more immediately consecutive increments (see EN 196-7) 4 Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) Calci
47、um aluminate cement is a hydraulic binder i.e. it is a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after the hydration process has produced stable hydrated phases after conversion, retain
48、s its strength and stability. Cement conforming to this European Standard shall, when appropriately batched and mixed with aggregate and water, be capable of producing concrete or mortar which retains its workability for a sufficient time and shall after defined periods attain specified strength lev
49、els and also possess long term volume stability. The main component is monocalcium aluminate (CaOAl2O3). Other mineralogical compounds include calcium alumino-ferrites, dicalcium silicate, and calcium silico-aluminate or gehlenite. Hydraulic hardening of calcium aluminate cement is primarily due to the hydration of monocalcium aluminate, but other chemical compounds may also participate in the hardening process. Calcium aluminate cement consists of individual small grains of calcium aluminate clinker statistically homogeneous in composition res
