1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14704-3:2006Determination of the elasticity of fabrics Part 3: Narrow fabricsThe European Standard EN 14704-3:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 59.080.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g5
2、5g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14704-3:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978-0-580-49964-7National forewordThis British Standard was p
3、ublished by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14704-3:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles.A list of organizations represented on TCI/24 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpor
4、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1470
5、4-3December 2006ICS 59.080.30English VersionDetermination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 3: Narrow fabricsDtermination de llasticit des toffes - Partie 3 : Etoffes troitesBestimmung der Elastizitt von Flchengebilden - Teil 3:SchmaltextilienThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 Octobe
6、r 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained
7、 on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretaria
8、t has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, R
9、omania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedw
10、orldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14704-3:2006: EEN 14704-3:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle6 4.1 Method A.6 4.2 Method B.6 5 Sampling.6 6 Apparatus .6 6.1 CRE testing machine.6 6.2 Line clamps 7 6.3 Equipment, f
11、or cutting test specimens to the required dimensions7 6.4 Calibrated metal rule, graduated in mm. .7 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing .7 8 Preparation of test specimens .7 8.1 General7 8.2 Test specimen preparation.7 9 Procedure .7 9.1 Method A.7 9.2 Method B.10 10 Test report 14 Annex A (i
12、nformative) Example of a typical cycling graph for method A15 Annex B (informative) Procedure for sampling16 Annex C (informative) Clamping and holding devices 17 EN 14704-3:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14704-3:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile
13、products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. The
14、 reasons behind developing this standard are due to technical advancement in yarn and fabric structures and properties, which increases product range and developments. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to impl
15、ement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unite
16、d Kingdom. EN 14704-3:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard describes the test methods which can be used to measure the elasticity and related properties of narrow fabrics. Two methods are itemised: one for the purpose of product quality assurance (method A), and the other for product performance when in
17、 use (method B). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 13
18、9, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:2005) EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO 10012, Meas
19、urement management systems - Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment (ISO 10012:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European standard the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 narrow fabric woven or knitted construction intended for use as a trim, bindi
20、ng, edging, strapping or harness, and designed to be used in its full width 3.2 elasticity property of a material by virtue of which it tends to recover its original size and shape immediately after removing the force causing deformation 3.3 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine tensile t
21、esting machine provided with one clamp which is stationary and another clamp, which moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection 3.4 strip test specimen test specimen in which the full width is gripped in the jaws of the testing mach
22、ine 3.5 gauge length distance between the two effective clamping points of a testing device, for this method where line clamps are employed, it is the distance between the two contact points 3.6 slack mounting insertion of a strip test specimen in the line clamps of the upper jaw, allowing it to han
23、g freely under its own weight, guided by the hand to ensure perpendicular alignment to the line of pulling force, without any force being applied EN 14704-3:2006 (E) 5 3.7 initial length length of the test specimen between the two effective clamping points, before testing 3.8 extension increase in l
24、ength of a test specimen produced by a force as a result of testing, expressed in mm 3.9 elongation ratio of the extension of the test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a % 3.10 maximum force force recorded in N at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed extension 3.11 maxim
25、um extension extension recorded in mm at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed load 3.12 modulus force measured at a given elongation on either the load or unload curves 3.13 cycle process whereby a fabric is taken from the gauge length to a fixed load or fixed extension or elongatio
26、n, and returned to gauge length 3.14 force decay due to time loss of force measured over time when a test specimen is stretched to a specified elongation or force and held in this position for a given time period NOTE The decay in force is expressed as a % of the original force recorded at the speci
27、fied position (see Annex A). 3.15 force decay due to exercising loss of force, calculated and expressed as a percentage, as measured and recorded at the same elongation point on two different cycles when the test specimen is cycled several times between zero and a specified elongation (see Annex A)
28、3.16 un-recovered elongation ratio of the unrecovered extension of the test specimen after cycling, to a specified force or extension, to its initial length, expressed as a % 3.17 recovered elongation unrecovered elongation, expressed as a %, subtracted from 100 % 3.18 elastic recovery recovered elo
29、ngation expressed as a % of the total elongation EN 14704-3:2006 (E) 6 4 Principle 4.1 Method A A narrow test specimen of specified length dimensions is extended at a constant rate to a specified force for an agreed number of cycles. Several characteristics can be measured to determine the performan
30、ce and profile of the narrow fabric. 4.2 Method B A narrow test specimen of specified length dimensions is extended at a constant rate to a specified force and elongation for 1 cycle of a specified sequence. Characteristics are measured to show the performance of the narrow fabric in use. 5 Sampling
31、 Narrow fabric samples shall be selected in accordance with the product specification. In the absence of a product specification for the fabric, the sampling method given in Annex B may be used. 6 Apparatus 6.1 CRE testing machine Metrological confirmation system of the tensile testing machine shall
32、 be in accordance with EN ISO 10012. The constant-rate-of-extension testing machine shall conform to the following: a) Tensile testing machine shall be provided with the means for indicating or recording the force and elongation values when cycling between gauge length and either a fixed load or fix
33、ed extension. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be at least class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1. The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed 1 %, and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw separation
34、 shall not exceed 1 mm. b) If recording of force or elongation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least 8/sec. c) Machine shall be capable of constant rates of extension including 20 mm/min to 500 mm/min with an accuracy of () 1
35、0 %. d) Machine shall be capable of variable gauge length settings including 100 mm to 250 mm, to an accuracy of () 1 mm. e) Clamping or holding devices shall be positioned with the centre in line with the applied force. The machine shall be calibrated, where applicable, with the grips in position a
36、nd the jaw faces closed. The jaws shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. EN 14704-3:2006 (E) 7 6.2 Line clamps Line clamps, as shown in Figure C.1, shall consist of two jaws, one being of s
37、teel plate, the other having a convex 3 mm radius. The line of contact of the jaws shall be perpendicular to the line of increasing force. The clamping faces shall be in the same plane. The line clamp jaws shall not be less than the width of the test specimen and preferably have a width of (70 6) mm
38、. NOTE 1 Significant levels of work have shown this type of line clamp is the preferred type for elastane/elastodiene containing fabrics as fabric slippage is eliminated. If a fabric slips the elongation values are inaccurate. NOTE 2 Pneumatic operated grips are recommended as hand tightening or man
39、ual grips can cause distortion of the test specimen. The air pressure should be sufficient to prevent slippage but should not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. 6.3 Equipment, for cutting test specimens to the required dimensions. 6.4 Calibrated metal rule, graduated in mm. 7 Atmosphere for
40、conditioning and testing The atmospheres for pre-conditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN ISO 139. The narrow fabric samples shall be conditioned for a minimum of 20 h in a tension free state. 8 Preparation of test specimens 8.1 General A set of test specimens from each lab
41、oratory sample, shall be cut in the length direction. A set shall consist of a minimum of five test specimens. If the sample is supplied on role and of sufficient length, remove and discard the first 500 mm. Cut the required number of specimens to the correct length, rejecting a minimum of 300 mm in
42、 between each of the specimens. 8.2 Test specimen preparation For method A and method B, each test specimen shall be cut to a length of 150 mm. NOTE If for method A unrecovered elongation is determined at the end of the test, place (100 1) mm reference (bench) marks centrally and perpendicular to th
43、e specimen length. 9 Procedure 9.1 Method A 9.1.1 General 9.1.1.1 Locate the line clamps in the jaws of the tensile testing machine and set the gauge length to (100 1) mm. Check this gauge length setting using carbon paper and paper which will generate gauge (bench) marks on the paper. The distance
44、is measured with the calibrated rule. EN 14704-3:2006 (E) 8 9.1.1.2 Set the extension and retraction rate of the specimen at 500 mm/min. 9.1.1.3 Set the required cycling limits to between gauge length and the appropriate load as given in Table 1. Load is determined according to the narrow mass/ml. T
45、able 1 Loads and masses to be used in measuring elasticity properties Fabric mass at the specimen width (g/m) Loading (N) Up to 2,0 7,5 2,01 to 3,75 12,0 3,76 to 5,00 15,0 5,01 to 7,50 25,0 7,51 to 11,0 34,0 11,01 to 17,00 42,0 17,01 to 25,00 53,0 25,01 to 36,00 61,0 36,00 74,0 Bra straps 35,0 9.1.1
46、.4 Slack mount the specimen centrally between the two sets of line clamps. 9.1.2 Operation NOTE 1 Many of the parameters measured can be determined by manual analysis of graphs and by software data collection procedures. It is recommended that assessment of the individual software be carried out to
47、establish accuracy of the data collected. Engage the device for recording the force and elongation measurements required. Put the cross-head in motion and cycle the test specimen between gauge length and the required force for the agreed number of cycles. If it is required to determine force decay d
48、ue to time, set the CRE testing machine to hold at the maximum force on the final curve for the chosen period. NOTE 2 Recommended period is 1 min. If it is required to determine the Un-recovered elongation, remove the test specimen carefully from the CRE testing machine and lay on a flat surface for
49、 a chosen period. Re-measure the distance between the reference marks previously made on the specimen, using the calibrated steel rule. Handling of the test specimen shall be kept to a minimum to avoid variations in results. NOTE 3 Recommended recovery periods are 1 min and 30 min. 9.1.3 Recording Record the extension and/or elongation at the maximum force, from the curves or data generated in the test, as agreed between the relevant parties. Record the modulus at any elongation point along the load or unload curves as agreed between the relevant partie
