1、BS EN 14791:2017Stationary source emissions Determination of massconcentration of sulphuroxides Standard referencemethodBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 14791:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、 EN 14791:2017.It supersedes BS EN 14791:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not
3、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 85050 9 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
4、obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 14791:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14791 January 2017 ICS 13
5、.040.40 Supersedes EN 14791:2005English Version Stationary source emissions - Determination of mass concentration of sulphur oxides - Standard reference method Emissions de sources fixes - Dtermination de la concentration massique des oxydes de soufre - Mthode de rfrence normalise Emissionen aus sta
6、tionren Quellen - Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von Schwefeloxiden - Standardreferenzverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Stand
7、ard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English
8、, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bul
9、garia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switze
10、rland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
11、 Members. Ref. No. EN 14791:2017 EBS EN 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 13 4.1 Symbols 13 4.2 Abbreviated terms . 14 5 Principle 14 5.1 General . 14 5.2 Measuring principle 14
12、 6 Description of measuring system . 15 6.1 Reagents 15 6.1.1 General . 15 6.1.2 Hydrogen peroxide 15 6.1.3 Water 15 6.1.4 Absorption solution, H2O2. 15 6.1.5 Reagents for chromatographic analysis 15 6.1.6 Reagent for Thorin analysis . 16 6.2 Sampling equipment . 17 6.2.1 General . 17 6.2.2 Sampling
13、 probe . 17 6.2.3 Filter housing . 17 6.2.4 Particle filter 18 6.2.5 Temperature controller . 18 6.2.6 Absorbers 18 6.2.7 Sample gas pump 18 6.2.8 Gas volume meter 18 6.3 Analysis equipment . 19 6.3.1 Ion chromatograph 19 6.3.2 Thorin method 19 7 Performance characteristics of the SRM 20 7.1 General
14、 . 20 7.2 Performance characteristics of the sampling system . 21 7.3 Performance characteristics of the analysis 21 7.3.1 Sources of uncertainty 21 7.3.2 Performance criterion of analysis . 22 7.4 Establishment of the uncertainty budget 22 8 Field operation 23 8.1 Measurement planning 23 8.2 Sampli
15、ng strategy. 23 8.2.1 General . 23 8.2.2 Measurement section and measurement plane 23 BS EN 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 3 8.2.3 Minimum number and location of measurement points . 24 8.2.4 Measurement ports and working platform . 24 8.3 Assembling the equipment 24 8.4 Heating of the sample gas line
16、. 24 8.5 Leak test . 24 8.6 Performing sampling . 25 8.6.1 Introduction of the sampling probe in the duct 25 8.6.2 Sampling 25 8.6.3 Rinsing of the sampling system and preparation of the samples . 25 8.7 Measurement series 26 8.8 Field blank . 26 8.9 Absorption efficiency 26 8.9.1 General . 26 8.9.2
17、 Test of absorption efficiency 26 9 Analytical procedure . 27 9.1 General . 27 9.2 Ion Chromatography method . 27 9.2.1 General procedure . 27 9.2.2 Interferences 28 9.2.3 Calibration. 28 9.3 Thorin Method . 29 9.3.1 Pre-treatment of sample solution before analysis for Thorin method . 29 9.3.2 Gener
18、al procedure . 29 9.3.3 Preparation of a chemical blank solution 30 9.3.4 Interferents . 30 10 Expression of results . 31 11 Equivalence of Thorin and ion chromatography methods 33 11.1 General . 33 11.2 Range . 33 11.3 Matrix effect 33 11.4 Comparison of repeatability and trueness 33 12 Equivalence
19、 of an alternative method 34 13 Measurement report . 34 Annex A (informative) Validation of the method in the field. 35 A.1 General . 35 A.2 Round robin test of analytical methods . 35 A.3 Field tests . 36 A.3.1 General . 36 A.3.2 Characteristics of installations 36 A.3.3 Limits of quantification 38
20、 A.3.4 Repeatability and reproducibility 38 A.3.4.1 General . 38 A.3.4.2 Repeatability 39 A.3.4.3 Reproducibility 41 A.3.5 Absorption efficiency 42 BS EN 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 4 Annex B (informative) Examples of absorbers . 43 Annex C (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of standa
21、rd reference method for SO2with requirements on emission measurements 44 C.1 Introduction . 44 C.2 Elements required for the uncertainty determinations 44 C.3 Example of an uncertainty calculation . 44 C.3.1 Specific conditions in the field. 44 C.3.2 Performance characteristics 46 C.3.3 Model equati
22、on and application of rule of uncertainty propagation 47 C.3.3.1 Concentration of SO2. 47 C.3.3.2 Calculation of the combined uncertainty of m,refVand mC. 48 C.3.3.3 Calculation of sensitivity coefficients . 48 C.3.3.4 Results of the standard uncertainties calculations 49 C.3.4 Estimation of the com
23、bined uncertainty . 52 Annex D (informative) Type of sampling equipment . 53 Annex E (informative) Example of comparison of repeatability and trueness of Thorin Method and Ion Chromatography Method 54 Annex F (informative) Calculation of the uncertainty associated with a concentration expressed on d
24、ry gas and at an oxygen reference concentration 64 F.1 Uncertainty associated with a concentration expressed on dry gas . 64 F.2 Uncertainty associated with a concentration expressed at a oxygen reference concentration 66 Annex G (informative) Significant technical changes 68 Bibliography . 69 BS EN
25、 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 14791:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document supersedes EN 14791:2005. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard,
26、either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or
27、 CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Annex G provides details of significant technical changes between this document and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following cou
28、ntries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, P
29、oland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) for the determination of the sulphuric oxide SO2in flue gases emitted to t
30、he atmosphere from ducts and stacks. It is based on a sampling system and two analytical principles: ion chromatography and the Thorin method. This European Standard specifies the performance characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by measuring systems based on
31、the measurement method. It applies to periodic monitoring and to the calibration or control of automatic measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes. This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method to
32、the SRM by application of EN 14793:2017. This European Standard has been validated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range of 0,5 mg/m3to 2 000 mg/m3of SO2for an ion-chromatography
33、 variant and 5 mg/m3to 2 000 mg/m3of SO2for the Thorin method according to emission limit values laid down in the Directive 2010/75/EU. NOTE 1 Emission limit values for SO2laid down in the Directive 2010/75/EU are in the range of 30 mg/m3to 800 mg/m3. The emission limit values of EU Directives are e
34、xpressed in units of mg/m3of SO2on dry basis and at standard conditions of 273 K and 101,3 kPa. NOTE 2 The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following d
35、ocuments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 13284-1:2015, Sta
36、tionary source emissions Determination of low range mass concentration of dust Part 1: Manual gravimetric method EN 14793:2017, Stationary source emission Demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method with a reference method EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emiss
37、ions - Requirements for measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertai
38、nty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) BS EN 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 standard reference method SRM reference method prescribed by Europ
39、ean or national legislation SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 3.2 reference method RM measurement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of the measurand Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described. Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an
40、 automated method. Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods can be used if equivalence to the reference method has been demonstrated. SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 3.3 measurement method method described in a written procedure containing all the means and procedures required to sample and analyse, namely field
41、of application, principle and/or reactions, definitions, equipment, procedures, presentation of results, other requirements and measurement report SOURCE: EN 14793:2017 3.4 alternative method AM measurement method which complies with the criteria given by this European Standard with respect to the r
42、eference method Note 1 to entry: An alternative method can consist of a simplification of the reference method. SOURCE: EN 14793:2017 3.5 measuring system set of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information use
43、d to generate measured quantity values within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012 BS EN 14791:2017EN 14791:2017 (E) 8 3.6 automated measuring system AMS entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices for obtaining a result of measurement Note 1 t
44、o entry: Apart from the actual measuring device (the analyser), an AMS includes facilities for taking samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines, flow meters and regulator, delivery pump) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, pre-separator for interferents, cooler, converter). This definition al
45、so includes testing and adjusting devices that are required for functional checks and, if applicable, for commissioning. Note 2 to entry: The term “automated measuring system” (AMS) is typically used in Europe. The term “continuous emission monitoring system” (CEMS) is also typically used in the UK
46、and USA. SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017 3.7 calibration set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring method or measuring system, and the corresponding values given by the applicable reference Note 1 to entry: In case of
47、 automated measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack the applicable reference is the standard reference method (SRM) used to establish the calibration function of the AMS. Note 2 to entry: In case of manual methods the applicable reference can be reference materials used as calibratio
48、n standards to establish the relationship between the output signal of the analytical device and the reference values. Note 3 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system. 3.8 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 Note 1 to e
49、ntry: The measurand is a quantifiable property of the stack gas under test, for example mass concentration of a measured component, temperature, velocity, mass flow, oxygen content and water vapour content. 3.9 influence quantity quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement Note 1 to entry: Influence quantities are e.g. ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix or pressure of the gas sample. 3.10 measurement series several successive measurements carried out on
