1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15149-1:2010Solid biofuels Determinationof particle size distributionPart1: Oscillating screen method using sieveapertures of 1 mm and aboveCopyright European Committee for
2、 Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15149-1:2010.It supersedes DD CEN/TS 15149-1:2006 which i
3、s withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. User
4、s are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 70212 9ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010.Amendment
5、s issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15149-1 October
6、 2010 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15149-1:2006English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 1: Oscillating screen method using sieve apertures of 1 mm and above Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la distribution granulomtrique - Partie 1: Mthode au ta
7、mis oscillant douverture de maille gale ou suprieure 1 mm Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrenverteilung - Teil 1: Rttelsiebverfahren mit Sieb-Lochgren von 1 mm und darber This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENE
8、LEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre o
9、r to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the off
10、icial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sl
11、ovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwi
12、de for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15149-1:2010: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010EN 15149-1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introducti
13、on .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Sample preparation .76.1 Sample size 76.2 Moisture conditions .87 Procedure .88 Calculation 89 Precision 109.1 Repeatability 109.2 Reproducibility 1010 Test report . 10Annex A (normative) Determination of th
14、e median value of a particle size distribution 11A.1 Definition . 11A.2 Procedure (example) 12A.3 Calculation . 12Bibliography . 13Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
15、-BS EN 15149-1:2010EN 15149-1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15149-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi
16、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held respo
17、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15149-1:2006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. EN 15149, Solid biofuels Determination of particle size distribution, c
18、onsists of the following parts: Part 1: Oscillating screen method using sieve apertures of 1 mm and above; Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm and below. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries ar
19、e bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp
20、ain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010EN 15149-1:2010 (E) 4 Introduction Part 1 describes the referen
21、ce method for size classification of samples with a nominal top size of 1 mm and above. Part 2 describes the reference method for size classification of samples with a nominal top size below 3,15 mm. Manual sieving is not included in this standard, as no data is available which supports that manual
22、sieving operations are comparable to the here described mechanical sieving operations. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010EN 15149-1:2010 (E) 5 1 S
23、cope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the horizontally oscillating screen method. It applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 1 mm and above as e.g. wood chips, hog fuel, olive stones, etc.
24、 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biof
25、uels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1:2009, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method EN 14774-2:2009, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method prEN 147
26、78, Solid biofuels Sampling prEN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation EN 14961-1, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 15149-2, Solid biofuels Determination of particle size distribution Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm an
27、d below ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions giv
28、en in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 median value of the size distribution value d50 that separates a distribution into two equal parts and that is graphically the intercept point of the cumulative size distribution curve with the 50 %-horizontal line 4 Principle A sample is subjected to
29、 sieving through horizontally oscillating sieves, sorting the particles in decreasing size classes by mechanical means. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Sieves. For the test an appropriate number of either circular or rectangular sieves with a minimum effective sieve area of 1 200 cm2is required. The geometry of the
30、 apertures shall be in accordance with the requirements of ISO 3310-1 and -2, respectively. The frame of the sieves shall have a height that enables the sieves to contain the sample and allows a free movement of the sample during the sieving process. Copyright European Committee for Standardization
31、Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010EN 15149-1:2010 (E) 6 NOTE 1 For materials with a nominal top size of less than 10 mm, an effective sieve area of less than 1 200 cm2is adequate. The number of s
32、ieves and the aperture sizes of the sieves shall be chosen according to the size specification of the actual sample material, see EN 14961-1. Sieves should correspond to ISO 3310-1 (1 mm) and ISO 3310-2 (all aperture sizes above 1 mm). NOTE 2 For samples of wood chips e.g. the following set of sieve
33、s may apply: 3,15 mm, 8,0 mm, 16 mm, 31,5 mm, 45 mm, 63 mm. If experience shows that no particles are caught by the larger sieves, these can be omitted from the set. For further size distribution determination of the fraction that passes the 3,15 mm sieve, see EN 15149-2. NOTE 3 Sieve sizes above 63
34、 mm are not useful as the shaking operation will not force the particles to orientate vertically to the plane of the sieves. Furthermore the vertical distance to the following sieve will have to be longer than the usual 80 mm in order to allow the long and slim particles to pass through the holes. I
35、n the case of checking the fulfilment of particle size demands of a certain quality class given in EN 14961-1, only those sieve sizes which have limit values are necessary to be chosen. 5.2 Collecting pan. For collecting of material passing through the sieves a collecting pan of adequate size is req
36、uired. 5.3 Mechanical sieving equipment. The sieving operation shall be horizontally oscillating (one or two dimensional), using an appropriate stroke-frequency according to the type of material. For principle drawing of the sieving operation, see Figure 1. NOTE Be aware that too low a shaking frequ
37、ency may lead to incomplete particle separation. The minimum shaking frequency can be determined by pre-tests. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:2010E
38、N 15149-1:2010 (E) 7 Key x Increasing hole diameters y Material addition z Material flow direction Figure 1 Principle of the sieving operation 5.4 Balance, capable of measuring the mass of the sample to be sieved to the nearest 0,1 g. 6 Sample preparation 6.1 Sample size The minimum size of the test
39、 sample for the determination of the size distribution shall be 8 l and shall be sampled according to prEN 14778. For biofuels, where 100 % of the particles will pass the holes of a 45 mm aperture size sieve, a smaller sample size of minimum 4 l can be used. NOTE The sample should include material f
40、or determination of size distribution and moisture content. Depending on the size of the sieves the test sample may have to be divided into several sub-samples, which are processed in sequential sieving operations. This is to ensure that the filling height on the upper sieve shall never exceed 5 cm.
41、 This procedure of sequential processing also applies, if a larger sample than the above given 8 l is processed. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-1:201
42、0EN 15149-1:2010 (E) 8 6.2 Moisture conditions The sample shall be sieved at a moisture content below 20 w-% wet basis, thus preventing the particles from sticking together or loosing moisture during the sieving process. If necessary the sample has to be pre-dried. Drying is done according to prEN 1
43、4780. NOTE By pre-drying, as described in prEN 14780, the sample is brought into equilibrium with the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. Determine the moisture content of the material to be sieved on a separate sub-sample following the procedure given in EN 14774-1:2009, Clause 7 or EN 14774-2:
44、2009, Clause 7. The moisture content shall be determined and reported concurrently with the particle size distribution determination. 7 Procedure Assemble and operate the mechanical shaking device with the appropriate sieve sizes with decreasing aperture size ending with the collecting pan. Weigh th
45、e sample to the nearest 0,1 g. Spread the sample (sub-sample) in an even layer on the top sieve and start the sieving operation. The screening operation shall be continued for 15 min. NOTE 1 The 15 min duration is chosen to ensure complete sieving. When lower sieving time is applied, deviations due
46、to instrumental and operational effects may be increased. NOTE 2 Be aware that an excessive sieving time, which is significantly longer than the required sieving time, may cause abrasion and a higher portion of the fine fraction. Weigh the retained net material on each sieve and in the collecting pa
47、n to an accuracy of 0,1 g and record the masses in a scheme equal to Table 1. In case that a particle sticks in a sieving hole, it shall be removed and added to the fraction, which remained on the sieve (as if it did not pass the hole). NOTE 3 Loosing particles from the screens should be avoided. Th
48、is can be done by proper sealing between the trays and by the use of top cover. All particles larger than 100 mm (maximum dimension) shall be hand-sorted into one or more fractions regardless from which sieve or collecting pan they are collected. NOTE 4 In many cases it is useful to identify the largest particle (maximum dimension) and record it in a scheme equal to Table 1. The information on the longest particle may be required for computing the median particle size or for illustr
