1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15149-2:2010Solid biofuels Determinationof particle size distributionPart 2: Horizontal screen method usingsieve apertures of 3,15 mm and belowCopyright European Committee
2、for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15149-2:2010.It supersedes DD CEN/TS 15149-2:2006 whic
3、h is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. U
4、sers are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 70213 6ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010.Amendm
5、ents issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15149-2 Octo
6、ber 2010 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15149-2:2006English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm and below Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la distribution granulomtrique - Partie 2: Mthode a
7、u tamis vibrant douverture de maille infrieure ou gale 3,15 mm Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrenverteilung - Teil 2: Rttelsiebverfahren mit Sieb-Lochgren von 3,15 mm und darunter This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with th
8、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Managemen
9、t Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status
10、as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, R
11、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserv
12、ed worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15149-2:2010: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3
13、Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Sample preparation .76.1 Sample size 76.2 Moisture conditions .77 Procedure .78 Calculation 89 Performance characteristics 910 Test report 9Annex A (normative) Determination of the median value of
14、a particle size distribution 10A.1 Definition . 10A.2 Procedure (example) 11A.3 Calculation . 11Annex B (informative) Guidance data on performance characteristics . 12Bibliography . 13Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction
15、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15149-2:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a
16、national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pate
17、nt rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15149-2:2006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. EN 15149, Solid bi
18、ofuels Determination of particle size distribution, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Oscillating screen method using sieve apertures of 1 mm and above Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm and below According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national st
19、andards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway
20、, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2
21、010 (E) 4 Introduction Part 1 describes the reference method for size classification of samples with a nominal top size of 1 mm and above. Part 2 describes the reference method for size classification of samples with a nominal top size below 3,15 mm. Manual sieving is not included in this standard,
22、as no data is available which support that manual sieving operations are comparable to the here described mechanical sieving operations. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
23、HS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the size distribution of particulate biofuels by the vibrating screen method. The method described is meant for particulate biofuels only, namely materials that either have been
24、reduced in size, such as most wood fuels, or are physically in a particulate form. This document applies to particulate uncompressed fuels with a nominal top size of 3,5 mm and below (e.g. sawdust). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of th
25、is document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1:2009, Solid biofuels Determination of moistu
26、re content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method EN 14774-2:2009, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method prEN 14778, Solid biofuels Sampling prEN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation EN 14961-1, Solid biofuels F
27、uel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate 3 Terms and definitions For the purp
28、ose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 apply. 4 Principle A sample is subjected to sieving through vibrating sieves, sorting the particles in decreasing size classes by mechanical means. NOTE A manual sieving is excluded due to the fact that small sieve holes can easi
29、ly be clogged by particles. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Sieves. For the test an appropriate number of either circular or rectangular sieves with a minimum effective sieve area of 250 cm2is required. The geometry of the apertures, the thickness of the sieves, the hole distances and the diameter of the holes shal
30、l be in accordance with the requirements of ISO 3310-1 and -2. The frame of the sieves shall have a height that enables the sieves to contain the samples and allows a free movement of the sample during the sieving process. The number of sieves and the aperture sizes of the sieves shall be chosen acc
31、ording to the size specification of the actual sample material, see also EN 14961-1. For sawdust and similar fine grade materials it is recommended to use the following set of sieves: Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction
32、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2010 (E) 6 3,15 mm round holes; 2,8 mm mesh wire cloth; 2,0 mm mesh wire cloth; 1,4 mm mesh wire cloth; 1,0 mm mesh wire cloth; 0,5 mm mesh wire cloth; 0,25 mm mesh wire cloth. 5.2 Collecting pans. For weighing of the
33、 size classes an adequate number of collecting pans is required. 5.3 Flat brush. For cleaning the sieves a flat brush is required. 5.4 Mechanical sieving equipment. The mechanical device shall apply a vibrating operation. For principle drawing of the sieving operation, see Figure 1. Key x Increasing
34、 hole diameters y Material addition z Material flow direction Figure 1 Principle of the sieving operation 5.5 Balance, capable of measuring the mass of the sample to be sieved to the nearest 0,01 g. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for Resale
35、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2010 (E) 7 6 Sample preparation 6.1 Sample size The minimum size of the test sample for the determination of the size distribution shall be 50 g and shall be sampled according to prEN 14778. To prevent
36、overloading of the screens the layer height on the upper sieve shall never exceed 2 cm. In such a case the test portion is divided into two or more subsamples which are to be processed subsequently, the results of the separate determinations are combined according to Clause 8. NOTE The sample should
37、 include material for determination of size distribution and moisture content. 6.2 Moisture conditions The sample shall be sieved at a moisture content below 20 w-% wet basis, thus preventing the particles from sticking together or loosing moisture during the sieving process. If necessary the sample
38、 has to be pre-dried. Drying is done according to prEN 14780. NOTE By pre-drying, as described in prEN 14780, the sample is brought into equilibrium with the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. Determine the moisture content of the material to be sieved on a separate sub-sample following the pro
39、cedure given in EN 14774-1:2009, Clause 7 or EN 14774-2:2009, Clause 7. The moisture content shall be determined and reported concurrently with the particle size distribution determination. 7 Procedure Assemble and operate the mechanical shaking device with the appropriate sieve sizes with decreasin
40、g aperture size ending with the collecting pan. Weigh the sample to the nearest 0,01 g. If the size of the test sample is significantly larger than the minimum 50 g stated in 6.1, the test portion shall be divided into two or more sub-portions which are to be processed subsequently. Spread the sampl
41、e in an even layer on the top sieve and start the sieving operation. The sieving operation shall be continued until the mass changes between two sequential sieves do not exceed a maximum of 0,3 % of the total sample mass per 1 min time of sieving operation. This pre-testing requirement can be avoide
42、d by applying the sieving operation for the fixed duration of 30 min. NOTE 1 The required minimum sieving time should be determined for each equipment and type of fuel in separate pre tests. Avoid losing any particles when determining individual weight differences during such pre tests. NOTE 2 Be aw
43、are that an excessive sieving time, which is significantly longer than the minimum sieving time, can cause abrasion and a higher portion of the fine fraction. NOTE 3 After approximately half of the sieving operation, check if the sample is even distributed on the sieves. If not, turn each of the sie
44、ves approximately 180 and complete the sieving operation. Weigh the retained net material on each sieve and in the collecting pan to an accuracy of 0,01 g and record each net mass in a scheme equal to Table 1. In case that a particle sticks in a sieving hole, it shall be removed with the brush and a
45、dded to the fraction, which remained on the sieve (as if it did not pass the hole). NOTE 4 During the sieving operation particles can stick on the edge of the sieves due to static electricity. Since this problem mostly is connected to the intensity of the mechanical shaking operation it should be ta
46、ken into consideration in separate pre test for each equipment and biofuel sample materials. Grounding the sieves using a copper wire can reduce the problem with static electricity. NOTE 5 In size classification by sieving, some of the thin particles, which are longer than the hole diameter, will pa
47、ss the sieve and mix with the particles in the smaller size fractions. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15149-2:2010EN 15149-2:2010 (E) 8 8 Calculation The r
48、esult is expressed as a percentage of the total mass of all fractions. If the test sample has been divided into two or more sub-samples the mass of the respective fractions shall be added up before calculating the overall percentage of each class. This procedure is demonstrated in Table 1. Table 1 Results of the size distribution analysis (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Sieve name Fraction mm Mass of fraction in subsample 1g Mass of fraction in subsample 2g Mass of fraction in subsample 3g
