1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15234-6:2012Solid biofuels Fuel qualityassurancePart 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrialuseBS EN 15234-6:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is
2、the UK implementation of EN 15234-6:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryp
3、rovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 75038 0ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards
4、Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15234-6:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15234-6 January 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-
5、industrial use Biocombustibles solides - Assurance qualit du combustible - Partie 6: Granuls non ligneux usage non industriel Feste Biobrennstoffe - Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen - Teil 6: Nicht-holzartige Pellets fr nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27
6、November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may b
7、e obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to
8、the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem
9、bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN
10、All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15234-6:2012: EBS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Qua
11、lity assurance and quality control measures .65.1 General 65.2 Traceability .75.3 Production requirements 85.4 Fuel requirements for the final product(Step 1) .85.5 Process description (Steps 2, 3 and 4) 85.6 Measures to assure the quality of the product (Step 5) 105.6.1 Inspection of incoming raw m
12、aterial and other goods . 105.6.2 Pellet production. 105.6.3 Distribution 115.7 Routines for separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and solid biofuels (Step 6) . 126 Product declaration of fuel quality and labelling 12Annex A (informative) Examples of product declarations . 13Annex B (info
13、rmative) A-deviations 15Bibliography . 16BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15234-6:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national stan
14、dard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN
15、and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The European standard series EN 15234, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance ar
16、e provided as a general requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over time. EN 15234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-in
17、dustrial use; Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use; Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that they require a
18、n understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 15234-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 15234-1 in conjunction with these standards. NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means - use in smaller scale appliances, such as in households, in small commercial and public
19、sector buildings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary
20、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The overall aim of this European Standard is to guarantee t
21、he non-woody pellet quality through the whole supply chain, from the origin to the delivery of the solid biofuel and provide adequate confidence that specified quality requirements are fulfilled. The objective of this European Standard is to serve as a tool to enable the efficient trading of non-woo
22、dy pellets. Thereby: 1) the end-user can find a pellet that corresponds to its needs; 2) the producer/supplier can produce a pellet with defined and consistent properties and describe the pellet to the customers. Quality assurance measures should establish confidence in the pellet through systems th
23、at are simple to operate and do not cause undue bureaucracy. Non-woody pellets are specified according to EN 14961-6, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 6: Non woody pellets for non-industrial use. BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the pr
24、ocedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the non-woody pellet specification described in EN 14961-6 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw mat
25、erials to point of delivery to the end-user. This European standard covers only quality assurance for non-woody pellets produced from the non-woody biomasses stated in EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1 and EN 14961-6. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applica
26、tion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specific
27、ations and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 14961-6:2012, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use EN 15234-1, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements NOTE In EN 14961-1:2010 there are listed Normative reference
28、s of the European Standards for sampling and sample reduction and in EN 14961-6 for determination of solid biofuel properties. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 non-woody pellet densified non-woody
29、 biofuel made from pulverised (e.g. ground) biomass with or without additives usually with a cylindrical form diameter 25 mm, random length and typically 3,15 mm to 40 mm with broken ends, obtain by mechanical compression NOTE The raw material for non-woody pellets can be herbaceous biomass, fruit b
30、iomass, or biomass blends and mixtures. They are usually manufactured in a die with a total moisture content usually less than 15 % of their mass. 3.2 additive material which improves the quality of the fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or makes production more efficient 3.3 chemi
31、cal treatment treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat NOTE Examples of chemical treatment are listed in informative Annex C of EN 14961-1:2010. 3.4 impurities material other than the raw material or fuel itself such as soil, stones, metal, plastic, glass BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2
32、012 (E) 6 3.5 weather condition temperature, humidity and precipitation, e.g. rain, snow 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. d dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage A designatio
33、n for ash content, Adw-%, dry basis1)BD designation for bulk density as received kg/m31)D designation for diameter as received, D mm1)DU designation for mechanical durability as received w-%1)F designation for amount of fines as received w-%, particles less than 3,15 mm L designation for length as r
34、eceived, L mm1)M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Marw-%1)Q designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,arMJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t at constant pressure1)NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277 8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3equals 1 kg/dm3
35、. 5 Quality assurance and quality control measures 5.1 General Quality assurance and control aim to provide confidence that a stable quality is continually achieved in accordance with the customer requirements. It means that specified requirements are fulfilled, but it does not necessarily mean a hi
36、gh quality but a steady and continually achieved quality in accordance with the customers requirements. The customer is the next operator in the supply chain. Customer requirements include not only the fuel quality, but also the quality of the companys performance, such as documentation (product dec
37、laration, labelling of packaging, etc.), timing and logistics (to provide biofuels in time and to agreed performances criteria). Fuel quality assurance needs to be applied to the entire supply chain. As the supply chains for solid biofuels in the most cases needs to be kept very simple, the same doc
38、uments are often used for documentation of quality assurance and quality control measures. NOTE When the customer is a supplier, a retailer or end user, the customer requirements are usually written in sales contracts. 1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property
39、levels (see for example Table 1. EN 14961-6:2012). For designation of chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the end of the symbol. BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 7 Quality control is fundamentally about controllin
40、g the quality of a product or process to enable the delivery of the product or service within agreed parameters in the most efficient and cost effective way. The consequences of having good quality control will be a cost effective product and process. Quality assurance on the other hand, is about re
41、viewing the products and processes, primarily through data provided from the quality control records and using this data a) to provide confidence that products are produced within the required specification and processes are operated as they should be, and b) to assure that over a longer term either
42、 consistency is being maintained (stability in process results) or that quality improvements are making the intended impact. 5.2 Traceability Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use shall be specified with EN 14961-6. The origin and source of solid biofuel is specified by Table 1 in EN 14961-1:2010
43、. The main three parts of the supply chain is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 An example for the description of a non-woody pellet supply chain All operators in the supply chain are responsible for the traceability of the origin and source of the material delivered by them. The first operator is r
44、esponsible for the documents being prepared the first time. The documents shall be available and provided on justified request throughout the entire supply chain according to EN 15234-1. BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 8 5.3 Production requirements The methodology described below for quality a
45、ssurance and quality control of the production shall be used, but shall be adjusted for the production requirements of the specific pellets production chain in question. There are six consecutive steps that have to be followed by every stakeholder in the supply chain. The steps are described below.
46、For examples of documentation, see informative Annex A. Step 1: Define fuel requirements for the final product (see 5.4) Step 2: Document the steps in the production and distribution processes (see 5.5, Figures 2 and 3) Step 3: Identify quality influencing factors including company performance (see
47、5.5, Figures 2 and 3) Step 4: Define Critical Control Points for compliance with the fuel specification (see 5.5 Figures 2 and 3) Step 5: Select appropriate measures to assure the quality of the product (see 5.6) Step 6: Establish routines of separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and soli
48、d biofuels (see 5.7) The following information will give a general overview about documenting the requirements for the production in a non-woody pellets supply chain. 5.4 Fuel requirements for the final product(Step 1) Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use are produced according to EN 14961-6. NO
49、TE The fuel specification is based on EN 14961-1:2010 general part, table 4 in the case of individually made agreements. 5.5 Process description (Steps 2, 3 and 4) Examples of the process description with the corresponding quality influencing factors and critical control points (CCP) are given in Figure 2 and Figure 3. BS EN 15234-6:2012EN 15234-6:2012 (E) 9 Figure 2 Example for the description of the production process with quality influencing f
