1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15316-4-4:2007Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systemsThe European Standard EN 15316-4-4:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.
2、140.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 15316-4-4:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards P
3、olicy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 56023 1National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15316-4-4:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/24, Central heating installations.A list of organizati
4、ons represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Am
5、endments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15316-4-4July 2007ICS 91.140.10English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-4: Heatgeneration systems, buildi
6、ng-integrated cogeneration systemsSystmes de chauffage dans les btiments - Mthode decalcul des besoins nergtiques et des rendements dessystmes - Partie 4-4: Systmes de gnration de chaleur,systmes de co-gnration intgrs au btimentHeizsysteme in Gebuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung derEnergieanforderunge
7、n und Wirkungsgrade der Anlagen -Teil 4-4: Wrmeerzeugungssysteme, gebudeintegrierteKWK-AnlagenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the statu
8、s of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ve
9、rsion in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den
10、mark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIO
11、NEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15316-4-4:2007: EEN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 N
12、ormative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Symbols and abbreviations 9 5 CHP system calculation 10 5.1 System boundaries10 5.2 Auxiliary energy consumption .10 5.3 Recoverable system thermal loss10 5.4 Calculation period10 5.5 Available methodologies 10 5.6 Fractional contribution method11 5
13、.6.1 Annual heat output of the cogeneration installation .11 5.6.2 Annual fuel input for the cogeneration installation .12 5.6.3 Annual system thermal loss of the cogeneration installation 12 5.6.4 Annual electricity output of the cogeneration installation13 5.7 Annual load profile method 13 5.7.1 G
14、eneral approach 13 5.7.2 Determining the energy performance for full range of load conditions for the cogeneration unit.13 5.7.3 Determining the annual load profile for the cogeneration unit.14 5.7.4 Annual heat output of the cogeneration installation .15 5.7.5 Annual fuel input for the cogeneration
15、 installation .16 5.7.6 Electricity output of the cogeneration installation.16 5.7.7 Annual average thermal efficiency of the cogeneration installation16 5.7.8 Annual system thermal loss of the cogeneration installation 16 Annex A (informative) Share of preferential CHP systems.18 Annex B (informati
16、ve) Efficiency of building integrated cogeneration units19 Annex C (informative) Example: Annual load profile method 20 C.1 Cogeneration unit specifications (load-performance curve) 20 C.2 Building heat demand profile .21 C.3 Combining cogeneration unit specifications (load performance curve) and th
17、e annual load profile21 C.4 Energy rating22 Bibliography 24 EN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15316-4-4:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status
18、of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the Eu
19、ropean Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of building
20、s. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use
21、of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e.
22、they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product stan
23、dards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requireme
24、nts, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommoda
25、ted. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General EN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 4 Part 2-1:
26、 Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation s
27、ystems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and qual
28、ity of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound
29、 to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swi
30、tzerland and United Kingdom. EN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard constitutes the specific part related to building-integrated cogeneration systems, of the set of EN 15316 standards on methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heati
31、ng systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings. This European Standard specifies the structure for calculation of the system energy losses and the system performance of building-integrated cogeneration systems. The calculation method is used for the following applications: judging compliance
32、 with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets; optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat generation system, by applying the method to several possible options; assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat generation system, by calculating
33、the energy use with and without the energy conservation measure. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. EN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard defines a me
34、thod for calculation of the energy requirements, electricity production, thermal output and recoverable losses of building-integrated cogeneration units forming part of a heat generation system (space heating and domestic hot water) in a building. Such units are commonly known as micro- or small sca
35、le cogeneration, or micro- or small scale CHP. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the units, defined in product standards, and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the units as included in the technical building system. The test of building-int
36、egrated cogeneration units for heating systems may be worked out in a national annex. As soon as European test methods are available these should be used. NOTE Primary energy savings and CO2savings, which can be achieved by cogeneration units compared to separate production of heat and consumption o
37、f electricity, are calculated according to prEN 15603. Indications about the savings calculations are given in informative Annex C. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
38、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 156031), Energy performance of buildings Overall energy use, CO2emissions and definition of energy ratings 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and
39、 definitions apply. 3.1 annual load profile method calculation method for an installation where the cogeneration unit is sized to run on different load ranges throughout the year (e.g. the cogeneration unit operates as a boiler substitute and supplies the entire heat demand of the building) 3.2 annu
40、al electrical efficiency total annual electrical output of the cogeneration unit divided by the total annual fuel input 3.3 annual heat efficiency total annual heat output of the cogeneration unit divided by the total annual fuel input 3.4 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical buildin
41、g systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs 1)To be published. EN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 7 NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the ventilation system for air transport
42、and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. NOTE 2 In EN ISO 9488 the energy used for pumps and valves is called “parasitic energy“. 3.5 building-integrated cogeneration cogeneration unit installed to supply space heating, domestic hot water and possib
43、ly cooling within a building NOTE It could operate as the only heating/cooling appliance of the building or in combination with other heat generators, such as boilers or electrical chillers. Unlike district heating systems, where heat and electricity are generated at central plants and transmitted t
44、hrough networks to a number of remote buildings, a building-integrated cogeneration unit produces heat for use within the building. The electricity produced by the integrated cogeneration unit may be used within the building or may be exported. 3.6 cogeneration unit unit designed to provide thermal
45、energy and electricity to a building using a cogeneration process NOTE 1 The unit may include supplementary burners and thermal storage. NOTE 2 The cogeneration units are also called CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plants or units. 3.7 cogeneration simultaneous generation in one process of thermal ene
46、rgy and electrical and/or mechanical energy 3.8 design heat load desired heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions 3.9 dumped heat wasted heat, which exceeds the current heat demand of the building and cannot be stored or used 3.10 electricity from cogeneration electricity gener
47、ated in a process linked to the production of useful heat 3.11 full load operation state of the technical system (e.g. cogeneration unit) where the actual load requirement is equal to the nominal (maximal) output capacity of the device 3.12 fractional contribution method calculation method for an in
48、stallation where the CHP unit is sized to run at full load most of the time, thus the heat output of the CHP unit supplies the base load of the installation (fractional contribution of the heat demand) 3.13 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned
49、 completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. EN 15316-4-4:2007 (E) 8 NOTE 3 The net calorific value does not take into account the latent heat of condensation. 3
