1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15459:2007Energy performance of buildings Economic evaluation procedure for energy systems in buildingsThe European Standard EN 15459:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.140.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g
2、50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 15459:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 56482 6National forewordThis
3、 British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15459:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/24, Central heating installations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not p
4、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN
5、15459November 2007ICS 91.140.10English VersionEnergy performance of buildings - Economic evaluationprocedure for energy systems in buildingsPerformance nergtique des btiments - Procduredvaluation conomique des systmes nergtiques desbtimentsEnergieeffizienz von Gebuden -Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnunge
6、n fr Energiesysteme inGebudenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 August 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lis
7、ts and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the respon
8、sibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelan
9、d, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassa
10、rt, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15459:2007: EEN 15459:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units7 3.1 T
11、erms and definitions .7 3.2 Symbols and units.9 4 Organisation of the costs .10 5 Basic calculations12 5.1 Interest rate, discount rate, present value factor and annuity factor.12 5.1.1 Real interest rate12 5.1.2 Discount rate12 5.1.3 Present value factor 12 5.1.4 Annuity factor.12 5.2 Global cost .
12、12 5.2.1 Principles of the calculation.12 5.2.2 Calculation of the final value13 5.3 Annuity calculation16 5.3.1 General16 5.3.2 Annuity calculation for unchanged components during the design payback period of the building .18 5.3.3 Annuity calculation for replaced components .18 5.3.4 Annuity calcu
13、lation for running costs.19 5.3.5 Influence of price development for dynamic calculations 19 6 Principles of the method.19 6.1 General19 6.2 STEP 1 - Financial data .20 6.2.1 Duration of the calculation .20 6.2.2 Financial rate21 6.2.3 Human operation costs.21 6.2.4 Energy prices .21 6.3 STEP 2 - Ge
14、neral information about the project.21 6.3.1 Identification of systems.21 6.3.2 Environment of the project .21 6.3.3 Meteorological and environmental data (not mandatory) .21 6.3.4 Constraints/oppportunity related to energy .21 6.4 STEP 3 - Systems characteristics22 6.4.1 Data collection .22 6.4.2 S
15、TEP 3.1 - Investment costs for systems related to energy .22 6.4.3 STEP 3.2 - Periodic costs for replacements .25 6.4.4 STEP 3.3 Running costs except energy costs.25 6.5 STEP 4 - Energy costs.25 6.5.1 General25 6.5.2 STEP 4.1 - Calculation of energy consumption25 6.5.3 STEP 4.2 - Energy costs26 6.6
16、STEP 5 - GLOBAL COST CALCULATION26 6.6.1 Step 5.1 Calculation of replacement costs .26 6.6.2 Step 5.2 Calculation of final value26 6.6.3 Step 5.3 Calculation of global cost 26 EN 15459:2007 (E) 3 6.7 STEP 6 - ANNUITY COST CALCULATION.26 Annex A (informative) Economical data for energy systems 28 Ann
17、ex B (informative) Systems description.32 Annex C (informative) Calculation sheet for global cost calculation .38 Annex D (informative) Annuity calculation, organisation of data and results.39 Annex E (informative) Example 1 Dwelling 100 m with gas heating system .40 E.1 STEP 1 - Financial Data.40 E
18、.2 STEP 2 - General information about project.40 E.2.1 Identification of systems.40 E.2.2 Environment of the project.40 E.2.3 Meteorological and environmental data (for information).40 E.3 STEP 3 - System characteristics41 E.3.1 STEP 3.1 Investment costs for building construction and systems related
19、 to energy.41 E.3.2 STEP 3.2 Periodic costs for replacements 42 E.3.3 Step 3.3 Running costs except energy costs 44 E.4 STEP 4 Energy costs44 E.4.1 STEP 4.1 - Energy consumption 44 E.4.2 Step 4.2 - Energy costs .45 E.5 STEP 5 - Global costs47 E.5.1 Step 5.1 and 5.2 - Calculation of replacement costs
20、 and final value .47 E.5.2 Step 5.3 - Global cost report.48 E.6 STEP 6 Annuity calculation costs.49 Bibliography50 EN 15459:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15459:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. Th
21、is European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CE
22、N by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculatio
23、n of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: - design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); - installation of heating systems; - commissioning of heating systems; - i
24、nstructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; - methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; - methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production system
25、s. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, u
26、se of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
27、 The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as class
28、es so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to: Austria, Belgium,
29、 Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 15459:2007 (E) 5 Introd
30、uction This standard presents a method for economic calculation of the heating systems, relying on data from other systems that may influence the energy demand of the heating system. This method can be used, fully or partly, for the following applications: consider economic feasibility of energy sav
31、ing options in buildings; compare different solutions of energy saving options in buildings (e.g. plant types, fuels); evaluate economic performance of an overall design of the building (e.g. trade-off between energy demand and energy efficiency of heating systems); assess the effect of possible ene
32、rgy conservation measures on an existing heating system, by economic calculation of the cost of energy use with and without the energy conservation measure. The user shall refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by th
33、is standard, especially regarding dynamic economical calculations, which are not detailed in this standard. The methods to calculate the building heating energy demand are provided by CEN/TC 89 (EN 832, EN ISO 13790) and CEN/TC 228 (EN 15316 series of standards) related to the EPBD (see prCEN/TR 156
34、15). EN 15459:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This standard provides a calculation method for the economical issues of heating systems and other systems that are involved in the energy demand and energy consumption of the building. This standard applies to all types of buildings. The fundamental principles and t
35、erminology are explained in this standard. The main items of the standard are: definitions and structure of the types of costs, which shall be taken into account for calculation of the economical efficiency of saving options in buildings; data needed for definition of costs related to systems under
36、consideration; calculation method(s); expression of the result of the economic calculation; informative annexes indicating default values of e.g. lifetime, costs for repair, costs for maintenance, in order to introduce default values for calculations. This standard is applicable to calculation of ec
37、onomic performance of energy saving options in buildings (e.g. insulation, better performing generators and distribution systems, efficient lighting, renewable sources, combined heat and power). The scope of this standard is to standardise: required inputs; calculation methods; required outputs for
38、economic calculations of energy systems related to the energy performance of buildings. NOTE Sensitivity of results increases with the number of parameters under consideration (e.g. lifetime, interest rates, development of different types of costs). The more parameters one changes when comparing dif
39、ferent solutions, the more difficult it is to draw conclusions from the economic results of the calculations. Economical results are closely related to the specific project under consideration, and no general conclusions should be drawn from any such results. 2 Normative references The following ref
40、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. EN 15459:2007 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions, symbo
41、ls and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 costs comprise initial investment costs and annual costs, including running costs, periodic or replacement costs due to repair or change of components and systems 3.1.2 initial
42、investment costs CI costs to be considered when the building (or the specified equipment) is delivered to the customer, ready to use. These costs include design, purchase of systems and components, connection to suppliers, installation and commissioning process. The initial investment costs are the
43、costs presented to the customer 3.1.3 running costs Cr comprise maintenance costs, operational costs, energy costs and added costs NOTE Running costs are annual costs. 3.1.4 maintenance costs Cm annual costs for measures for preserving and restoring the desired quality of the installation. This incl
44、udes annual costs for inspection, cleaning, adjustments, repair under preventive maintenance, consumable items 3.1.5 operational costs Co annual costs for operators 3.1.6 energy costs Ce annual costs for energy and standing charges for energy (and other consumables as well as costs) NOTE Contracts f
45、or energy delivered are included in energy costs. Use of energy implies external costs, which are not included in the official price. It is considered good practice to include the external costs and metering costs in economic calculations and to specify them. 3.1.7 added costs Cad annual costs for i
46、nsurance, other standing charges, taxes (including environmental taxes for energy). Subsidies for renewable energy delivered or produced locally are considered as benefits and are taken into account as negative annual costs 3.1.8 periodic costs of year i Cp(i) substitute investment, which is necessa
47、ry for ageing reasons (corresponds to replacement costs for components (or systems), according to their lifespan) 3.1.9 replacement costs for component or system CR,i(j) comprise periodic costs for component j at time i= n, 2 n, etc. (where ncorresponds to the lifespan of the component) 3.1.10 annua
48、l costs Ca(i) sum of running costs and periodic costs or replacement costs paid in the year i EN 15459:2007 (E) 8 3.1.11 inflation rate Ri annual depreciation of the currency expressed in % 3.1.12 discount rate Rd definite value for comparison of the value of money at different times 3.1.13 market i
49、nterest rate R interest rate agreed by lender expressed in % 3.1.14 real interest rate RR market interest rate adjusted according to inflation rate. Real interest rate may vary during the calculation period (dynamic calculation) 3.1.15 annuity factor a(n) factor by which any annual costs and annual incomes are to be divided in order to be referred to the starting year 3.1.16 price development for energy, human operation, products, maintenance and added costs development of the prices for energy, human
