1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16123:2013Characterization of waste Guidance on selectionand application of screeningmethodsBS EN 16123:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the U
2、K implementation of EN 16123:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces
3、saryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 71448 1ICS 13.030.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was p
4、ublished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16123:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16123 February 2013 ICS 13.030.01 English Version Characterization of waste - Guida
5、nce on selection and application of screening methods Caractrisation des dchets - Lignes directrices relatives au choix et lapplication des mthodes de dpistage Charakterisierung von Abfall - Anleitung fr Auswahl und Anwendung von Screening-Verfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 De
6、cember 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
7、obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to th
8、e CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ire
9、land, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue
10、 Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16123:2013: EBS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principles 6
11、 5 Typical areas for application of screening methods 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes .7 5.3 On-site verification 7 5.4 Monitoring of processes .7 5.5 Identification of homogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk material 7 5.6 Survey of contaminated sites (hot spot identi
12、fication)7 5.7 Identification of sources of contamination .7 5.8 Safety issue 7 6 Selecting a screening method 8 6.1 Selection criteria 8 6.1.1 Sampling/sample pretreatment/preparation .8 6.1.2 Parameter definition 8 6.1.3 Field of application 8 6.1.4 Boundary conditions .8 6.2 Fit-for-purpose test
13、9 6.3 Quality targets 9 7 Applicability conditions for screening methods 9 7.1 General 9 7.2 Field of application 9 7.2.1 Principle of the measurement 9 7.2.2 Instruction for method setup . 10 7.2.3 Sampling and samples . 10 7.2.4 Measurement steps 10 7.2.5 Statement of results . 10 7.2.6 Disposal i
14、nstructions . 10 7.2.7 Characteristic data of the method . 10 7.2.8 Literature references 11 8 Fit-for-purpose testing . 11 8.1 General . 11 8.2 Reproducibility testing . 11 8.3 Exclusion of false negative results . 11 8.4 Testing of individual comparability 12 9 Analytical acceptance criteria . 12
15、9.1 General . 12 9.2 Starting criteria . 12 9.3 Continuous criteria . 12 10 Quality assurance . 12 11 Documentation 13 Annex A (informative) Decision making process 14 BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 3 Annex B (informative) Example of documentation aid/check list 15 Annex C (informative) Statistic
16、al tool for individual comparability Equality of results from reference method and screening method: Mean value t-test for real samples 18 C.1 General . 18 C.2 Test on outliers 18 C.3 Homogeneity of variances 18 C.4 Mean value t-test . 19 Bibliography 21 BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 4 Foreword
17、This document (EN 16123:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest
18、 by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
19、patent rights. The standardization of the selection and application of screening methods is obligatory to make such methods available to legislation. In addition to common laboratory methods, which are standardized individually, a framework approach is chosen for screening methods. The application o
20、f screening methods within this framework guarantees the reliability of results required by legal regulations. In order to fulfil legal requirements, it is of high importance to document all decision steps of method selection, the applicability testing, the application of the method and the evaluati
21、on. This European Standard refers to the use of screening methods on solid materials (waste) as sample matrix; the corresponding standard for water is ISO 17381. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement
22、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slov
23、akia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 5 Introduction This document provides guidance on the use of screening methods for waste characterisation. One field of application of screening methods is “on-site verification” as recommend
24、ed in the Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and the Landfill Decision (2003/33/EC). Screening methods are of increasing interest in processes such as entrance control because, in addition to standardized methods, they allow fast verification of the documented waste characteristics. BS EN 16123:2013EN
25、16123:2013 (E) 6 1 ScopeThis European Standard gives guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for waste characterisation. The aim of this document is to set up criteria as to when the different kinds of screening methods may be applied for the analysis of a certain parameter in
26、 waste and which steps are required to prove their suitability. This document does not recommend any particular screening method, but confirms the principles of its selection and application. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this docu
27、ment and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16192, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates 3 Terms and definitions For the purp
28、oses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 reference method method which is performed in accordance with national or international Standards and is not necessarily comparable with screening methods 3.2 on-site verification third level of inspection according to the Landfil
29、l Directive and the Landfill Decision to ensure that the waste accepted at a landfill is the same as described in the accompanying documents and that it is in accordance with the basic characterisation and/or compliance testing 3.3 screening application of any analytical semi-quantitative method for
30、 exploratory analysis 3.4 screening method method which is used (often on-site) to quickly explore a given area or test a set of samples and obtain data on sample characteristics SOURCE: ISO 12404, modified 4 Principles This standard defines the whole process from the selection of the screening meth
31、od, applicability, fit-for-purpose testing, fulfilment of the acceptance criteria, quality control, and documentation of the measurement results. BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 7 5 Typical areas for application of screening methods5.1 General Screening methods constitute a useful addition to stan
32、dard procedures in the following areas. 5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes Screening methods may be used for: s election of the most suitable analytical method (concentration range, interferences); p re-selection of samples for analysis in the laboratory; p rovision of information
33、about accompanying compounds relevant for sample preparation. 5.3 On-site verification Characteristics of sampled waste are verified, e.g. during transport or at the entrance of waste treatment plants and landfills. 5.4 Monitoring of processes Screening methods can be used: to monitor and control pr
34、ocesses (e.g. success of treatment processes); to perform quality control on a treatment plant. 5.5 Identification of homogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk material Screening methods may be applied to measure “leading” parameters in huge charges of waste to identify whether the material is homogenous or
35、 not. 5.6 Survey of contaminated sites (hot spot identification) Screening methods are useful to identify contaminated areas in contamination-suspected sites. 5.7 Identification of sources of contamination Screening methods can be useful to identify the source of a contaminant or content in a materi
36、al stream. 5.8 Safety issue Screening methods can be used to detect potentially toxic compounds (e.g. gases, radioactivity, explosives) which may be hazardous to the personnel taking and processing samples. BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 8 6 Selecting a screening method 6.1 Selection criteria The
37、 following selection criteria should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate method. The different criteria shall be weighted depending on the intended application. The decision-making process and the results have to be documented by the user (see flowchart in Annex A and document
38、ation aid in Annex B). Prerequisites are: one known parameter or a set of known parameters; aim of determination; matrix (solid/liquid waste). 6.1.1 Sampling/sample pretreatment/preparation direct measurement (e.g. handheld XRF-systems); p retreatment/preparation (e.g. extractions, separation) parti
39、cularly for solid waste. Most screening methods require the provision of the analyte in an extract/eluate, which therefore requires sample pretreatment. Pretreatment shall be carried out in accordance with EN 16192. If sample preparation is necessary, follow the principles of EN 15002 taking into ac
40、count CEN/TR 16130. 6.1.2 Parameter definition individual species (e.g. total Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+); group parameters (e.g. total organic carbon (TOC), absorbable organically bound halogens (AOX); i n the case of on-site verification, the parameters are typically defined by declaration or based on the exp
41、erience of the staff. 6.1.3 Field of application s pecified decision value (e.g. limit value, target value); concentration range; matrix; method limitations/interferences. 6.1.4 Boundary conditions rapidity (in relation to aim of determination); mobility; costs; quality target of analysis; BS EN 161
42、23:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 9 frequency of use (continuous, once only); qualification of staff; legal stipulations; availability and/or ease of acquisition; infrastructural conditions. 6.2 Fit-for-purpose test In a second step, after passing these selection steps in 6.1, the selected method has to pass
43、 a fit-for-purpose test as described in Clause 8. In case of frequently repeated tasks, the most suitable screening method should be identified and applied, the necessary equipment kept ready and the procedure documented in a standard operation procedure. Selection and fit-for-purpose testing has th
44、erefore to be performed only once. 6.3 Quality targets The general quality target of analytical questions is its ability to establish the relationship between the analytical result and its confidence interval on the one hand, and the decision values on the other. This relationship with the decision
45、values means that the analytical method to be used is subject to requirements regarding the quality of the analytical results. These requirements are task-related and shall be defined before the screening method is applied. The definition of these quality targets forms the basis for the selection of
46、 the appropriate method. 7 Applicability conditions for screening methods 7.1 General Availability of complete information on a screening method of choice is a prerequisite of applicability. This clause deals with the most important points that should be apparent from the accompanying documentation
47、of a method. All information, either supplied or separately obtainable (enclosed leaflet, application documents, etc.) shall be easily comprehensible and should be written in understandable language. 7.2 Field of application parameters (e.g. total Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+); measurement range/graduation; “zero
48、” may not be stated for the lower limit of the operating range; matrix; matrix interferences, measures to be taken for their prevention or elimination; temperature range, pH range, other physical conditions; storage and shelf life of the reagents. 7.2.1 Principle of the measurement c hemical reactio
49、n or physical concept. BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E) 10 7.2.2 Instruction for method setup description of supplied reagents (e.g. composition, indication of hazards); d escription of supplied equipment, such as test vessel, metering device or colour scale; description of how and with which measuring instrument the evaluation may be performed; additional reagents required for the application (e.g. acid for pH adjustment); additional equipment required for the application (e.g. thermo reac
