1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16126:2012Solid biofuels Determination of particle size distribution of disintegrated pelletsCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license
2、with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16126:2012. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l Committee PTI/17, S
3、olid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published
4、by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 71511 2 ICS 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2012.Amendments issued since publicati
5、onDate T e x t a f f e c t e dCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16126 February 2012 ICS 75.160.
6、10 English Version Solid biofuels - Determination of particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la distribution granulomtrique des granuls dsintgrs Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikelgrenverteilung von Pellet-Ausgangsmaterial This Europea
7、n Standard was approved by CEN on 7 January 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conce
8、rning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member int
9、o its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irela
10、nd, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue M
11、arnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16126:2012: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitte
12、d without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 55 Reagents .56 Apparatus .56.1 Disintegration container .56.2 Electric kettle or other suitable equipment for water heatin
13、g .66.3 Water measuring glass/glasses .66.4 Drying cabinet/cabinets 66.5 Drying containers 66.6 Sample reduction equipment .66.7 Balance .66.8 Sieves 66.9 Weighing containers .66.10 Spoon 66.11 Mechanical sieving equipment .66.12 Flat brush 67 Sample preparation .78 Procedure .78.1 Disintegration .7
14、8.2 Drying 78.3 Control of the moisture content .78.4 Sieving 89 Calculation 810 Precision and bias 1011 Test report . 10Annex A (informative) Characteristics of the determination of particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets . 11A.1 General . 11A.2 Performance characteristics on disintegra
15、tion of wood pellets 12Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16126:2012) has been prepared by Technical C
16、ommittee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
17、 the latest by August 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to C
18、EN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar
19、k, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provid
20、ed by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 4 Introduction In coal power plants with powder fuel burners for energy production, rebuilt to use biomass powder from biofuel pellets, the operators n
21、eed information on the particle size distribution in the fuel for optimising of e.g. efficiency and emission levels. The grinders used for producing fuel powder within these plants grinds the biomass pellets into the individual internal particles in the pellets. The method described in this document
22、 aims to estimate the internal particle size distribution of the material comprised in fuel pellets. For the time being, this method is based on experience of pellets made from sawdust, wood shavings and milled wood or straw as raw material. The method may also be applicable for pellets produced fro
23、m other biofuel materials. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard aims at defining the requirements an
24、d method used to determine the particle size distribution of disintegrated pellets. It is applicable for pellets, which disintegrate in hot water at a temperature below 100 C. It is intended for persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell, erect or use machinery, equipment, tools and enti
25、re plants related to fuel pellets, and to all persons and organisations involved in producing, purchasing, selling and utilising fuel pellets. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. F
26、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry meth
27、od Part 1: Total moisture Reference procedure EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified procedure EN 14778, Solid biofuels Sampling EN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation EN 15149-2, Solid biofuels Determination of particle si
28、ze distribution. Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm and below 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588 apply. 4 Principle The particle size distribution is determined after the sample pellets have been disinte
29、grated in hot deionised water and dried in a drying cabinet. The determination is performed by sieving according to EN 15149-2. 5 Reagents Deionised water shall be used. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Disintegration container Water-proof container made of a material capable of withstanding a temperature of 100 C,
30、e.g. stainless steel, with a capacity of at least 3 000 ml. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 6 When filled with the water and the
31、 test portion, sufficient space for thorough stirring without loosing any sample material shall be available. A lid or a cover, e.g. aluminium folia shall be provided for the container. 6.2 Electric kettle or other suitable equipment for water heating The electric kettle shall have a capacity of hea
32、ting at least 2 000 ml of water. 6.3 Water measuring glass/glasses The measuring capacity shall be at least 2 000 ml altogether (for example, 1 000 ml + 1 000 ml). 6.4 Drying cabinet/cabinets The drying cabinets shall be capable of being controlled at a temperature within the range of 35 C to 60 C (
33、 5 C) and at 105 C ( 2 C) for moisture determination purpose. Alternatively, two cabinets, one for each temperature, can be used. The air atmosphere change shall be between 3 times and 5 times per hour. The air velocity shall be such that the sample particles are not dislodged from the drying contai
34、ner. 6.5 Drying containers The drying containers shall consist of non-corrodible and heat-resistant material e.g. metal trays or glass- or porcelain dishes. 6.6 Sample reduction equipment The sample reduction equipment as specified in EN 14780, e.g. a riffle divider shall be used. 6.7 Balance The ba
35、lance shall be capable of reading to the nearest 0,01 g. 6.8 Sieves The set of sieves described in EN 15149-2 shall be used. 6.9 Weighing containers The weighing of the sieved particle fractions can be performed either by weighing the remaining material directly on the tared weighed sieves or by col
36、lecting and weighing the material in weighing containers. For this purpose an adequate number of weighing containers are required. 6.10 Spoon The spoon shall be made of non-corrodible material, for stirring the disintegration slurry. 6.11 Mechanical sieving equipment The mechanical sieving equipment
37、 shall be made as defined by EN 15149-2. 6.12 Flat brush The flat brush is used for separating agglomerated particles after sieving. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,
38、-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 7 7 Sample preparation The sample used for the determination of particle size of disintegrated pellets shall be taken according to EN 14778. From this sample, extract a test portion of (300 25) g by division according to EN 14780. 8 Procedure 8.1 Disintegration T
39、he (300 25) g test portion of pellets is transferred into the disintegration container. Approximately 2 000 ml of deionised water is heated to boiling point and poured over the pellets. For highly swelling pellets (e.g. straw pellets) the sample weight can be reduced and/or the water volume can be i
40、ncreased. Using a spoon, the slurry is carefully stirred from the bottom to the top until a smooth mush is obtained. The spoon is rinsed with deionised water in the container ensuring that all particles remain in the slurry. The lid is placed on the container and it is left for 24 hours. 8.2 Drying
41、The disintegrated slurry is mixed well and transferred to an adequate number of drying containers. The disintegration container shall be rinsed carefully with deionised water into the last drying container. As an alternative, the disintegration container can be dried at 35 C to 60 C, where the remai
42、ning material is then transferred to the drying container with the help of a flat brush. Dry at 35 C to 60 C depending on the raw material and the laboratory conditions in a drying cabinet until a moisture content between 5 % to 15 % is reached. Woody material shall preferably be dried at the lower
43、temperature. For material with high absorption of water e.g. straw pellets, it is recommended to dry at the higher temperature. NOTE 1 The moisture content can be checked by periodic weighing. After drying, the drying container is placed in room atmosphere in order to get equilibrium with the room a
44、tmosphere for at least 24 hours. NOTE 2 If the pellets agglutinates during drying, then gently disintegrate the crust before division. The equilibrated test portion is divided into two sub portions according to EN 14780 of approximately 150 g each and marked with sub portion “A” and “B”. 8.3 Control
45、 of the moisture content Ensure that the moisture content of the equilibrated test portion prepared for determination of the particle size distribution is within the interval of 5 % to 15 %. Determine the moisture content in sub portion “A” at 105 C ( 2 C) according to EN 14774-1 or EN 14774-2 with
46、an exception for the prescribed minimum sample size. NOTE If the moisture content is below 5 %, absorption of air moisture might occur and above 15 %, the risk of particle agglomeration increases which will influence the test result. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS u
47、nder license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 16126:2012EN 16126:2012 (E) 8 8.4 Sieving Divide sub portion “B” into two sieve portions of approximately 75 g each. NOTE 1 To avoid overloading of the sieves further dividing of the test po
48、rtions may be necessary before sieving. Each portion or sub portion is sieved separately in accordance with EN 15149-2. NOTE 2 If agglomerated particles are observed on a sieve, separate these gently using e.g. a flat brush. Continue the sieving for 15 min for this sieve and the sieves below in the stack. If separation of all particles is not possible, a complete disintegration of the tested pellet sample has not been achieved and the internal particle size distribution cannot be determined according
