1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16271:2012V a l u e m a n a g e m e n t Functional expression of the need and functional performance specification Requirements for expressing and validating the need to be
2、 satisfied within the process of purchasing or obtaining a productBS EN 16271:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16271:2012. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l Committee MS/2/-/3, Value management.A list
3、of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Li
4、mited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 74624 6 ICS 03.100.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a
5、 f f e c t e dBS EN 16271:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16271 December 2012 ICS 03.100.10 English Version Value management - Functional expression of the need and functional performance specification - Requirements for expressing and validating the need to be satisfied wit
6、hin the process of purchasing or obtaining a product Management par la valeur - Expression fonctionnelle du besoin et cahier des charges fonctionnel - Exigences pour lexpression et la validation du besoin satisfaire dans le processus dacquisition ou dobtention dun produit Value Management - Funktion
7、ale Beschreibung der Bedrfnisse und funktionale Leistungsbeschreibung - Anforderungen an das Beschreiben und Validieren der Bedrfnisse, die whrend der Erstellung oder des Erwerbs eines Produktes zu befriedigen sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 October 2012. CEN members are bound
8、to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-
9、CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has
10、 the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux
11、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CE
12、N All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16271:2012: EBS EN 16271:2012EN 16271:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 40 Introduction 50.1 General 50.2 Basis .50.3 Organisation and presentation of processes and deliverables 50.4 Fu
13、nctional need analysis (FNA) .60.5 Functional Need Expression (FNE) 70.6 FPS 70.7 Fields of use .70.8 Relationships with Value Analysis and Design To Objective (DTO) 81 Scope 92 Normative references 93 Terms and definitions 104 Requirements applicable to the deliverable “Functional Need Expression”
14、. 144.1 General . 144.2 Adaptation of the requirements to the FNE usage context 154.3 Global Need Definition . 154.3.1 (FNE.01) Global need formulation . 154.3.2 (FNE.02) Product integration into a larger system 164.4 Definition of the strategic elements of the target market and product outlet (Cust
15、omer side) 164.4.1 (FNE.03) Definition of the economic stakes . 164.4.2 (FNE.04) List of the inquirers strategic data . 164.4.3 (FNE.05) Fields of processed needs . 174.4.4 (FNE.06) study of each targeted functional coverage. 174.5 Highlighting of Principles/Concepts Selected Beforehand 174.5.1 (FNE
16、.07) Statement of principles or concepts selected beforehand . 174.6 Description of the functions to be provided and their compliance with the constraints 184.6.1 Depth, fineness of analysis (granulation) and field to be covered 184.6.1.1 (FNE.08) Identification of the fineness (granulation) of the
17、Need description . 184.6.2 Life cycle and interacting agents 184.6.2.1 (FNE.09) Selection and description of life cycle phases 184.6.2.2 (FNE.10) List and description of interacting agents 184.6.3 Description of the functions and the constraints 194.6.3.1 (FNE.11) List of user-related functions . 19
18、4.6.3.2 (FNE.12) Technical neutrality of user-related functions . 194.6.3.3 (FNE.13) Organisation of functions . 194.6.3.4 (FNE.14) Function characterisation 204.6.3.5 (FNE.15) Function ranking/weighting . 204.6.3.6 (FNE.16) Identification of mandatory and possible additional characterisation elemen
19、ts . 204.6.3.7 (FNE.17) Possible functional variations . 214.6.3.8 (FNE.18) Organised list and constraints description 215 Requirements applicable to the deliverable “Functional Performance Specification” . 215.1 General . 215.2 FPS contents . 225.2.1 (FPS.01) Mandatory sections of an FPS . 225.2.2
20、(FPS.02) Other sections of an FPS 235.2.3 (FPS.03) Structure adaptation to the defined usage of the FPS 235.3 Characteristics defining the quality of an FPS 245.3.1 (FPS.04) Compliance with the processes 245.3.2 (FPS.05) Legibility and understanding by the recipient . 24BS EN 16271:2012EN 16271:2012
21、 (E) 3 5.3.3 (FPS.06) Capacity to support the usage phase 246 Requirements applicable to the three processes (the FNA process, the process for the drawing up of the FPS, FPS utilisation process) . 246.1 General . 246.2 Common requirements applicable to the three processes . 256.2.1 (PROC.01) Framing
22、 of the subject of the action 256.2.2 (PROC.02) Supported decision for starting an action . 256.2.3 (PROC.03) Mandate of the person in charge of the action 256.2.4 (PROC.04) Mobilisation of resources and implementation of an operational structure 266.2.5 (PROC.05) Search for information and consolid
23、ation . 266.2.6 (PROC.06) Handling of possible conflicts or contradictions 266.2.7 (PROC.07) Traceability of the action . 266.3 Particular requirements applicable to the FNE generation process: Functional Need Analysis 266.3.1 (PROC.08) Adaptation of the resources to the need to be described 266.3.2
24、 (PROC.09) FNE validation . 276.4 Particular requirements applicable to the drawing up process of the functional performance specification 276.4.1 General . 276.4.2 (PROC.10) FPS integration into the process used to obtain a product . 276.4.3 (PROC.11) Selection of the FNE elements to be integrated
25、into the FPS 276.4.4 (PROC.12) Transmissibility to a third party 286.4.5 (PROC.13) FPS validation . 286.5 Particular requirements applicable to the process implemented to make use of the functional performance specification . 286.5.1 General . 286.5.2 (PROC.14) Search for and selection of potential
26、providers 296.5.3 (PROC.15) FPS appropriation by a provider . 296.5.4 (PROC.16) Drawing up of the final version of the FPS 296.5.5 (PROC.17) Suggestion processing recording 296.5.6 (PROC.18) Intellectual property, rights of the partners . 306.5.7 (PROC.19) Arbitration processing . 306.5.8 (PROC.20)
27、Examination of proposals 30Annex A (informative) The variety of situations where FNE and FPS can be used . 31A.1 General . 31A.2 Universality 31A.3 Initial condition of the object under study 31A.4 Use of the FNA and FNE in a VA approach. 32A.5 Use of the FNE and the FPS in the process used to obtai
28、n a product 32A.6 Use of the FPS with Design To Objective . 33A.7 Relationships with other methods . 33Annex B (informative) Conditions of use of deliverables . 34B.1 Background for the drawing up of a FNE . 34B.2 Variety of FPS (or FNE) usage cases 34B.3 Compatibility with the rules applicable to p
29、ublic contracts . 35Bibliography 36BS EN 16271:2012EN 16271:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16271:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 279 “Value management, value analysis, functional analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given
30、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s
31、ubject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
32、 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
33、d, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16271:2012EN 16271:2012 (E) 5 0 Introduction 0.1 General This European Standard states the conditions for the successful implementation of the Functional Need Analysis, Functional Need Expression and Functional Performance Specification and determines the comp
34、liance requirements for the parties involved. It extends the generic standard on Value Management, EN 12973. It separately presents the requirements applicable to the processes that have to be implemented and those applicable to the deliverables derived from these processes. 0.2 Basis In highly comp
35、etitive markets, the durability and the development of organisations depend on their capacity to provide competitive products which are best suited to satisfy the need, whether expressed or implicit, of the users. The statement of the need in a functional form, i.e. in terms of purpose, without refe
36、rence to solutions (technical, administrative, procedural, and organisational, etc.) likely to satisfy it, ensures there is every chance that competitive and innovative solutions will emerge at the design stage. The statement of the need in a functional form is essential. It permits the expression o
37、f the: reference of this need in validated terms (in terms of obligations, expected services, rather than in terms of means) which can be used to control the evolution of this reference at the later stages of the products life; level of importance of the main requirements which make up the cost of a
38、 product. Using a structured need statement approach in a functional form promotes the: offer of competitive and innovative products; mobilisation of all the interested parties to obtain a unified expression of the need which can be used at each step - from the development to the evaluation of offer
39、s satisfying the same need; dialogue between the partners, while respecting the responsibilities of each partner and with a clearer relationship between the customer and the provider. This European Standard addresses the quality of specification under the responsibility of the enquirer, the handling
40、 of the customer/provider relationship and the search for the optimum solution in relation to the expressed need. The standard also addresses the performance levels and the grade of quality required by the enquirer. 0.3 Organisation and presentation of processes and deliverables Figure 1 below shows
41、 schematically the relationship between the three key processes (Functional Need Analysis (FNA) process, the Process for drawing up the Functional Performance Specification (FPS), and the FPS utilisation process: The Functional Need Analysis (FNA) process: this enables the defining of the result nam
42、ed Functional Need Expression (FNE). The process for the drawing up of the Functional Performance Specification (FPS) from the FNE: this process generates a document (FPS) used within the framework of external enquiries, calls for tenders, the Design To Objective (DTO) approach, or internally by cer
43、tain organisations. BS EN 16271:2012EN 16271:2012 (E) 6 The FPS utilisation process: this enables, from the initial FPS, a stabilised and final version of the selected need (FPS reference version) to be defined so that the future product shall satisfy. Figure 1 Process organisation and relations bet
44、ween deliverables Annex B proposes a detailed presentation of the processes and deliverables highlighting the respective roles of the owner or project manager and of designers/producers. 0.4 Functional need analysis (FNA) The FNA is a process which applies to a physical object, as well as an organis
45、ation, a service, an intellectual service, a process, software, an information system or any combination of the preceding elements. The functions (User Related Functions) that any product provides shall be defined before it is made, thus justifying its acquisition or, more generally, its procurement
46、. The FNA: highlights and takes into account the point of view of all the interested parties involved; relates to the entire life cycle, from upstream (supply, storage etc.), utilisation, to downstream (maintenance in operational conditions, upgrading and end-of-life operations) phases, and thus int
47、roduces the consideration of time; defines the expected results and not the means to be implemented. The FNA makes it possible to avoid the premature freezing of technical solutions. Therefore, the FNA is fully in line with the perspective of a sustainable development since it takes account of all t
48、he interests involved and contributes to optimising resources by focusing on what is essential: to determine sound and acceptable objectives prior to any action. BS EN 16271:2012EN 16271:2012 (E) 7 0.5 Functional Need Expression (FNE) The FNE materialises the results obtained with the FNA. The FNE: organises information according to a rigorous and detailed explanatory logic. It gives an assessment of the elements, enabling decision-making with full knowledge of the facts; makes
