1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16327:2014Fire-fighting Positive-pressure proportioning systems(PPPS) and compressed-airfoam systems (CAFS)BS EN 16327:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16327:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entr
2、usted to TechnicalCommittee FSH/17, Fire brigade equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Br
3、itish Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76195 9ICS 13.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 Febru
4、ary 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16327:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16327 February 2014 ICS 13.220.10 English Version Fire-fighting - Positive-pressure proportioning systems (PPPS) and compressed-air foam systems (CAFS) Lutte contre linc
5、endie - Systmes proportionneurs pression positive (SPPP) et systmes de mousse air comprim (CAFS) Feuerwehrwesen - Druckzumischanlagen (DZA) und Druckluftschaumanlagen (DLS) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 December 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal R
6、egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN m
7、ember. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions
8、. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Pola
9、nd, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation
10、in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16327:2014 EBS EN 16327:2014EN 16327:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions .9 4 List of significant hazards . 11 5 Classification and designa
11、tion 14 5.1 Classification and designation of positive-pressure proportioning systems (PPPS) . 14 5.2 Classification and designation of compressed-air foam systems (CAFS) . 15 6 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 16 6.1 Safety requirements applying to all systems 16 6.1.1 General . 16
12、6.1.2 Mechanical equipment . 17 6.1.3 Electrical equipment . 17 6.1.4 Thermal hazards . 18 6.1.5 Ergonomic design principles 18 6.1.6 System failure and continuation of on-going fire-fighting operations 19 6.1.7 Maintenance 19 6.1.8 Protection against over-speed 19 6.1.9 Shutdown device 19 6.1.10 In
13、jection of foam concentrates 19 6.2 Additional safety requirements for compressed-air foam systems (CAFS) . 20 7 Performance requirements 20 7.1 Performance requirements applying to all systems . 20 7.2 Additional performance requirements for positive-pressure proportioning systems (PPPS) 22 7.3 Add
14、itional performance requirements for compressed-air foam systems (CAFS) . 22 8 Type test report . 23 9 Information for users 24 9.1 General . 24 9.2 Symbols, warning symbols and warning notes 24 9.3 Accompanying documents 24 9.3.1 General . 24 9.3.2 Contents 24 10 Marking 27 Annex A (informative) Gu
15、ideline for acceptance inspection and testing of each delivered system . 28 Annex B (informative) Sample of a positive-pressure proportioning system (PPPS) operating range diagram . 29 Annex C (informative) Sample of a compressed-air foam system (CAFS) operating range diagram . 30 Annex D (normative
16、) Test Procedure for finished CAFS Foam. 31 Annex E (informative) Technical CAFS diagrams . 34 BS EN 16327:2014EN 16327:2014 (E) 3 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 36 Bibliography 37 Figures Figure B.1 Sample
17、 diagram showing the operating range of a type PPPS 2400 positive-pressure proportioning system 29 Figure C.1 Sample diagram showing the operating range of a compressed-air foam system (CAFS); maximum flows at ratio adjusted settings . 30 Figure D.1 Collecting vessel for determination of expansion a
18、nd drainage time . 32 Figure D.2 Foam collector for expansion and drainage measurement 32 Figure D.3 Arrangement of nozzle and collecting-device during test 33 Figure E.1 Sample of a typical system diagram for CAFS with a single mixing device . 34 Figure E.2 Sample of a typical CAFS with multiple mi
19、xing devices . 35 Tables Table 1 List of significant hazards . 12 Table 2 Classification of positive-pressure proportioning systems (PPPS) . 14 Table 3 Classification of compressed-air foam systems (CAFS) . 15 BS EN 16327:2014EN 16327:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16327:2014) has been prepar
20、ed by Technical Committee CEN/TC 192 “Fire and rescue service equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2014, and conflicting nati
21、onal standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been
22、 prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN-CENELEC
23、 Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela
24、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16327:2014EN 16327:2014 (E) 5 Introduction This standard is a type C standard as defined in EN ISO 12100. The
25、 machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard
26、take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. The present document describes systems installed in a fire-fighting vehicle in order to improve the efficiency of fire-extinguishing process
27、es. This is achieved by adding chemical solutions or foam concentrates (hereinafter collectively called foam concentrates) under pressure to the water being delivered by the fire-fighting centrifugal pump. Compressed-air may be injected in some cases to create the finished foam. In addition to Class
28、 B fire-fighting operation, the described systems are used in Class A fire-fighting operation, with the aim to improve the adhesion, penetration and retention time of the fire-extinguishing agent on the burning material, thereby transferring more energy, and improving the cooling effect of the appli
29、ed media. The object of using foams with fire extinguishing agents is to increase the effective contact area of the foam solution and to improve the adhesion to non-horizontal surfaces of the burning material, thereby increasing the time period in which heat is effectively transferred. Another aim o
30、f the systems described is to improve, ease, and speed-up the use of foam concentrates during regular use in municipal or similar fire-fighting operations. The following principles can be considered for mixing foam concentrates to water for fire-fighting purpose, where a) and b) is not part of this
31、standard: a) Venturi type inductors which create a vacuum to draw foam concentrate into the water stream. These inductors may be used as loose equipment, coupled into the hose line or permanently installed with a fire pump. A “Round the Pump” (RTP) system takes water from the pump discharge through
32、a venturi device to draw foam concentrate into the pump- suction NOTE These mobile systems are subject of a standard currently in preparation by CEN/TC 192/WG 8. An RTP system may be used in conjunction with a PPPS if the full flow capacity of a fire pump is delivered as solution, and the full flow
33、pump capacity exceeds the performance of the PPPS. All discharges on a fire pump will provide solution once an RTP is in operation. A RTP system will contaminate the fire pump and related installations with foam concentrate. b) Premix (also known as batch mix) is a concept used in certain applicatio
34、ns, where a measured amount of foam concentrate is added to the water in the vehicle tank, each time the water tank is filled. There is no special mixing technology used, the foam concentrate is simply poured into the water tank. This principle is typically used for seasonal fire- fighting operation
35、 (forest and wildland) where the equipment is flushed, serviced and stored away once the season is over. c) Positive-pressure proportioning systems (PPPS) use a foam concentrate pump to inject the foam agent into the water stream at a pressure higher than the water pressure. A PPPS typically provide
36、s solution to designated discharges on a fire pump. The systems considered in this standard were originally designed as “Class A foam proportioners” to handle low injection rates and variable flows. However, they can be used with any other suitable foam concentrate. Recent developments on foam conce
37、ntrates allow low injection rates for Class B fire- fighting as well. BS EN 16327:2014EN 16327:2014 (E) 6 PPPS do not contaminate the fire pump and water installations with foam concentrate. Once a water concentrate solution is produced, the finished foam will be created by inducting air at the fire
38、-fighting nozzle as a “Nozzle Aspirated Foam System” (NAFS) or as d) Injecting compressed-air as a “Compressed-air Foam System” (CAFS). The system designations mentioned in this standard refer to typical fire-fighting nozzle flow rates or to a combination of such nozzles used at one time. Water foam
39、 solution produced by the PPPS can also be delivered through common non aspirating branch pipe in order to use water with reduced surface tension. This European Standard considers PPPS and CAFS to be installed in conjunction with a fire-fighting centrifugal pump according to EN 1028 (all parts) or E
40、N 14710 (all parts). PPPS and CAFS may be operated simultaneously whilst delivering plain water from a fire pump. Information on environmental impact of fluorine-containing foam extinguishing agent: Poly-and perfluorinated chemicals (Perfluorochemicals PFC) can be detected by living organisms, in wa
41、ter and sediments. In nature they are very difficult or impossible to degrade. Therefore, the EU has banned the marketing and use of Perfluoroctansulfonate (PFOS) C8F17SO2X since 2008-06-27 by EU-Directive 2006/122/EC. See also EU-REACH-Regulation ECV 1907/2006. For fire extinguishing agent based on
42、 PFOS, a use period has expired on June 2011 (provided that they were already on the market before December 2006). Only PFOS containing fire-fighting foaming agents are affected by the EU ban. However, other poly-and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) may have a long term influence on living organisms
43、and the environment, as well. It is therefore necessary to carefully evaluate if PFC-containing foaming agents are required for the particular fire-fighting operation in question. Training with PFCs should be avoided or reduced to the absolute minimum. General procedures of foam application may be d
44、eveloped with “Training Foam” agents, thereby causing less impact on the environment. The use of PFCs for fire-fighting and training operation may require the containment and proper disposal of any run-off, depending on local regulations. While the use of the aforementioned foam agents (PFCs) may be
45、 required for Class B fire-fighting operations, the use of Class A, biodegradable foam agents should be considered for Class A fire-fighting operations, as it will reduce the environmental impact of the fire-fighting operation significantly. Any tests producing finished foam, as described in this st
46、andard, should be kept to the minimum required and use an environmentally friendly foam agent whenever possible. Testing and training should use appropriate sites, where run-off can be controlled in accordance with local regulations and will not contaminate any open water-sources or the water-table.
47、 The Material-Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each foam agent being used should be considered for decisions in relation to the environmental impact. Consultations with local authorities, organizations and agencies may be required to ensure use and disposal. The objective of using foam for any fire-figh
48、ting operation is to reduce knock-down time and the amount of combustion-products released while the fire is burning. Using foam to improve the efficiency of the fire-fighting operation will consume less water and reduce the amount of contaminated run-off. These factors should be balanced against an
49、y potential impact from the foam-agent being used. BS EN 16327:2014EN 16327:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard applies to systems which add a foam concentrate to the water discharged from a fire-fighting centrifugal pump either: a) by a positive-pressure proportioning system (PPPS) alone, or b) together with compressed-air by means of a compressed-air foam system (CAFS). In both cases pressure is applied to the foam concentrate in order to permit continuous operation. Such systems are permanently installed in fire-fighting vehicles. Permanently in
