1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-31-02:2015Space engineering Two-phase heat transportequipmentBS EN 16603-31-02:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16603-31-02:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee A
2、CE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institu
3、tion 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86642 5ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015.Amendments/corr
4、igenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16603-31-02:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-31-02 September 2015 ICS 49.140 English version Space engineering - Two-phase heat transport equipment Ingnierie spatiale - Equipements de transfert de chaleur
5、deux phases Raumfahrttechnik - Ausrstung fr Zwei-Phasen-Wrmetransport This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 November 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
6、 national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Frenc
7、h, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and nat
8、ional electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
9、Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No.
10、EN 16603-31-02:2015 EBS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) 2 Table of contents European foreword 5 Introduction 5 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 9 3.1 Terms defined in other standards . 9 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 9 3.3 Ab
11、breviated terms. 13 4 TPHTE qualification principles 14 4.1 TPHTE categorization . 14 4.2 Involved organizations 14 4.3 Generic requirements in this standard 15 4.4 Processes, number of qualification units . 16 4.5 Thermal and mechanical qualification . 16 4.5.1 Temperature range . 16 4.5.2 Mechanic
12、al qualification 18 5 Requirements 20 5.1 Technical requirements specification (TS) 20 5.1.1 General . 20 5.1.2 Requirements to the TS 20 5.1.3 Requirements for formulating technical requirements 21 5.2 Materials, parts and processes . 22 5.3 General qualification requirements . 22 5.3.1 Qualificati
13、on process . 22 5.3.2 Supporting infrastructure Tools and test equipment . 22 5.4 Qualification process selection . 22 5.5 Qualification stage 24 5.5.1 General . 24 5.5.2 Quality audits 25 BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) 3 5.5.3 Qualification methods 25 5.5.4 Full and delta qualificati
14、on programme 27 5.5.5 Performance requirements 27 5.6 Qualification test programme 29 5.6.1 Number of qualification units . 29 5.6.2 Test sequence 29 5.6.3 Test requirements 33 5.6.4 Physical properties measurement . 36 5.6.5 Proof pressure test 37 5.6.6 Pressure cycle test 37 5.6.7 Burst pressure t
15、est 37 5.6.8 Leak test . 38 5.6.9 Thermal performance test . 39 5.6.10 Mechanical tests . 41 5.6.11 Thermal cycle test . 43 5.6.12 Aging and life tests 43 5.6.13 Gas plug test . 44 5.6.14 Reduced thermal performance test . 44 5.7 Operating procedures . 45 5.8 Storage . 45 5.9 Documentation . 45 5.9.
16、1 Documentation summary 45 5.9.2 Specific documentation requirements 45 Annex A (normative) Technical requirements specification (TS) DRD . 48 Annex B (normative) Verification plan (VP) DRD 51 Annex C (normative) Review-of-design report (RRPT) - DRD . 54 Annex D (normative) Inspection report (IRPT)
17、DRD . 56 Annex E (normative) Test specification (TSPE) DRD . 58 Annex F (normative) Test procedure (TPRO) DRD . 61 Annex G (normative) Test report (TRPT) DRD . 64 Annex H (normative) Verification report (VRPT) DRD. 66 Bibliography . 68 BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) 4 Figures Figure 3
18、-1: Tilt definition for HP 12 Figure 3-2: Tilt definition for LHP 12 Figure 4-1: Categories of TPHTE (two-phase heat transport equipment) . 15 Figure 4-2: Figure-of-merit (G) for some TPHTE fluids . 17 Figure 4-3: Definition of temperature and performance ranges for a HP . 18 Figure 5-1: Selection o
19、f qualification process . 24 Figure 5-2: Qualification test sequence for HP . 31 Figure 5-3: Qualification test sequence for CDL . 32 Tables Table 5-1: Categories of two-phase heat transport equipment according to heritage (derived from ECSS-E-ST-10-02C, Table 5-1) . 23 Table 5-2: Allowable toleranc
20、es 34 Table 5-3: Measurement accuracy . 36 Table 5-4: Equipment resonance search test levels . 42 Table 5-5: Sinusoidal vibration qualification test levels . 42 Table 5-6: Random vibration qualification test levels 43 Table 5-7: TPHTE documentation 47 5 European foreword This document (EN 16603-31-0
21、2:2015) has been prepared by TechnicalCommittee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-31-02:2015) originates from ECSS-E-ST-31-02C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eitherby publication of an identical text or b
22、y endorsement, at the latest by March2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byMarch 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documentmay be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be heldresponsible for identi
23、fying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by theEuropean Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and hastherefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope bu
24、t with a widerdomain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standardsorganizations of the following countries are bound to implement this EuropeanStandard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Estonia, Finl
25、and, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the UnitedKingdom. BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02
26、:2015 (E) BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) 6 Introduction This Standard is based on ESA PSS-49, Issue 2 “Heat pipe qualificationrequirements”, written 1983, when the need for heat pipes in several ESAprojects had been identified. At that time a number of European developmentactivities w
27、ere initiated to provide qualified heat pipes for these programmes,which culminated in a first heat pipe application on a European spacecraft in1981 (MARECS, BR-200, ESA Achievements - More Than Thirty Years ofPioneering Space Activity, ESA November 30, 2001), followed by a first majorapplication on
28、 a European communication satellite in 1987 (TV-SAT 1, GermanCommunication Satellites). ESA PSS-49 was published at a time, when knowledge of heat pipe technologystarted to evolve from work of a few laboratories in Europe (IKE, UniversityStuttgart, EURATOM Research Centre, Ispra). Several wick desig
29、ns, materialcombinations and heat carrier fluids were investigated and many processrelated issues remained to be solved. From todays view point the qualificationrequirements of ESA PSS-49 appear therefore very detailed, exhaustive and insome cases disproportionate in an effort to cover any not yet f
30、ully understoodphenomena. As examples the specified number of qualification units (14), thenumber of required thermal cycles (800) and the extensive mechanical testing(50 g constant acceleration, high level sine and random vibration) can be cited. The present Standard takes advantage of valid requir
31、ements of ESA PSS-49, butreflects at the same time todays advanced knowledge of two-phase coolingtechnology, which can be found with European manufacturers. This includesexperience to select proven material combinations, reliable wick and containerdesigns, to apply well-established manufacturing and
32、 testing processes, anddevelop reliable analysis tools to predict in-orbit performance of flighthardware. The experience is also based on numerous successful two-phasecooling system application in European spacecraft over the last 20 years. Besides stream-lining the ESA PSS-49, to arrive at todays a
33、ccepted set of heatpipe qualification requirements, the following features have also been takeninto account: Inclusion of qualification requirements for two-phase loops (CPL, LHP), Reference to applicable requirements in other ECSS documents, Formatting to recent ECSS template in order to produce a
34、document,which can be used in business agreements between customer andsupplier. 7 1 Scope This standard defines requirements for two-phase heat transportationequipment (TPHTE), for use in spacecraft thermal control. This standard is applicable to new hardware qualification activities. Requirements f
35、or mechanical pump driven loops (MPDL) are not included inthe present version of this Standard. This standard includes definitions, requirements and DRDs from ECSS-E-ST-10-02, ECSS-E-ST-10-03, and ECSS-E-ST-10-06 applicable to TPHTE qualification.Therefore, these three standards are not applicable t
36、o the qualification ofTPHTE. This standard also includes definitions and part of the requirements of ECSS-E-ST-32-02 applicable to TPHTE qualification. ECSS-E-ST-32-02 is thereforeapplicable to the qualification of TPHTE. This standard does not include requirements for acceptance of TPHTE. This stan
37、dard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of aspace project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) 8 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, thr
38、oughreference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For datedreferences, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard areencouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more r
39、ecent editions ofthe normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latestedition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system - Glossary of terms EN 16603-31 ECSS-E-ST-31 Space engineering - Thermal control
40、 general requirements EN 16603-32 ECSS-E-ST-32 Space engineering - Structural general requirements EN 16603-32-01 ECSS-E-ST-32-01 Space engineering- Fracture control EN 16603-32-02 ECSS-E-ST-32-02 Space engineering - Structural design and verification of pressurized hardware EN 16602-70 ECSS-Q-ST-70
41、 Space product assurance - Materials, mechanical parts and processes EN 9100:2009 Aerospace series - Quality management systems - Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defense Organizations 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms defined in other standards For the purpose of this Stand
42、ard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-E-ST-00-01apply. For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions fromECSS-E-ST-10-02 apply: analysis qualification stagereview-of-design (ROD) For the purpose of this standard, the following terms and definitions fromECSS-E-ST-32-02 appl
43、y: burst pressuredifferential pressureexternal pressure internal pressureleak-before-burst (LBB)pressure vessel (PV)pressurized hardware (PH)proof test 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 capillary driven loop (CDL) TPL, in which fluid circulation is accomplished by capillary action (ca
44、pillarypump) NOTE See TPL definition in 3.2.21. 3.2.2 capillary pumped loop (CPL) CDL with the fluid reservoir separated from the evaporator and without acapillary link to the evaporator NOTE See CDL definition in 3.2.1. BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31-02:2015 (E) BS EN 16603-31-02:2015EN 16603-31
45、-02:2015 (E) 10 3.2.3 constant conductance heat pipe (CCHP) heat pipe with a fixed thermal conductance between evaporator and condenserat a given saturation temperature NOTE See heat pipe definition in 3.2.7. 3.2.4 dry-out depletion of liquid in the evaporator section at high heat input when thecapi
46、llary pressure gain becomes lower than the pressure drop in the circulatingfluid 3.2.5 effective length heat pipe length between middle of evaporator and middle of condenser forconfigurations with one evaporator and one condenser only NOTE Used to determine the heat pipe transportcapability (see 3.2
47、.10). 3.2.6 exposure temperature range maximum temperature range to which a TPHTE is exposed during its productlife cycle and which is relevant for thermo-mechanical qualification NOTE 1 The internal pressure at the maximum temperatureof this range defines the MDP for the pressurevessel qualificatio
48、n of a TPHTE. NOTE 2 The extreme temperatures of this range can bebelow freezing and / or above critical temperaturesof the working fluid. NOTE 3 In other technical domains, this temperature rangeis typically called non-operating temperaturerange (see clause 4 for additional explanation). 3.2.7 heat
49、 pipe (HP) TPHTE consisting of a single container with liquid and vapour passagesarranged in such a way that the two fluid phases move in counter flow NOTE 1 See TPHTE definition in 3.2.20. NOTE 2 The capillary structure in a heat pipe extends over the entire container length. 3.2.8 heat pipe diode (HPD) heat pipe, which transports heat based on evaporation and condensation only in one direction NOTE See heat pipe definition in 3.2.7. 3.2.9 loop heat pipe (LHP) CDL with the fluid reservoir as integral part of the evaporator NOTE 1 See CDL definition in 3.
