1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-50-05:2014Space engineering Radiofrequency and modulationBS EN 16603-50-05:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16603-50-05:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/6
2、8, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution
3、 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84188 0ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amendments issued si
4、nce publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16603-50-05:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-50-05 September 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation Ingnierie spatiale - Radio frquence et modulation Raumfahrttechnik - Funkfrequenzen und
5、 -modulation This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists a
6、nd bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translati
7、on under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgar
8、ia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turk
9、ey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-50-05:2014 EBS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:201
10、4 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 6 Introduction 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 10 3.1 Terms from other standards 10 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 10 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 12 4 Frequency allocations, assignment and use . 15 4.1 Fr
11、equency allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services 15 4.1.1 Overview . 15 4.1.2 Frequency bands allocated to the Space Radiocommunications services . 15 4.2 Specific conditions for the use of certain frequency bands 17 4.2.1 2 025 MHz 2 120 MHz and 2
12、200 MHz 2 300 MHz bands . 17 4.2.2 8 025 MHz 8 400 MHz band . 18 4.2.3 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz band . 19 4.2.4 8 450 MHz 8 500 MHz band . 19 4.2.5 25,5 GHz 27,0 GHz, 37,0 GHz 38 GHz and 40,0 GHz 40,5 GHz bands 19 4.3 Frequency assignment procedure . 20 4.3.1 Choice of frequencies . 20 4.3.2 Advance pu
13、blication, coordination and notification of frequencies . 21 5 Transmitted signals 22 5.1 Turnaround frequency ratio for coherent transponders . 22 5.1.1 Generation of the transmitted carrier . 22 5.1.2 Band pairs . 22 5.2 Carrier frequency stability . 24 5.2.1 Spacecraft transmitter . 24 BS EN 1660
14、3-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 3 5.2.2 Spacecraft receiver . 25 5.2.3 Ground station equipment . 25 5.3 Polarization . 26 5.4 Occupied bandwidth considerations . 26 5.5 Emissions . 28 5.5.1 Unwanted emission power level 28 5.5.2 Cessation of emissions . 32 5.5.3 Power flux density limits at the
15、 Earths surface 32 5.5.4 Power flux density limits at the GSO in the 25,5 GHz - 27,0 GHz band . 33 5.5.5 Power limits for Earth station emissions 34 5.5.6 Time limitations on transmissions 35 6 Modulation 36 6.1 Phase modulation with residual carriers 36 6.1.1 Application 36 6.1.2 Modulating wavefor
16、ms 36 6.1.3 PCM waveforms and data rates 37 6.1.4 Use of subcarriers . 39 6.1.5 Data transition density . 41 6.1.6 Carrier modulation index . 42 6.1.7 Sense of modulation . 42 6.1.8 Modulation linearity . 42 6.1.9 Residual amplitude modulation . 42 6.1.10 Carrier phase noise . 43 6.1.11 Residual car
17、rier, out-of-band emission and discrete spectral lines 43 6.2 Suppressed carrier modulation,44 6.2.1 Application and modulation schemes 44 6.2.2 Modulating waveforms 45 6.2.3 Carrier modulation. 45 6.2.4 Data transition density . 51 6.2.5 Symbol rate stability 51 6.2.6 Carrier phase noise . 51 6.2.7
18、 Carrier suppression, out-of-band emission and discrete spectral lines 51 6.3 Spectral roll-off . 52 7 Link acquisition procedures 53 7.1 Space-Earth 53 7.1.1 Normal operation 53 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 4 7.1.2 Alternative mode of operation . 53 7.1.3 Coherent mode . 53 7.2 Ear
19、th-space 54 7.2.1 2 025 MHz - 2 110 MHz category A 54 7.2.2 2 110 MHz - 2 120 MHz category B 55 7.2.3 7 145 MHz - 7 190 MHz category B 55 7.2.4 7 190 MHz 7 235 MHz category A 55 8 RF interface control 57 8.1 RF interface control documents 57 8.2 Spacecraft-Earth station interface control document .
20、57 8.2.1 Overview . 57 8.2.2 Process . 57 8.3 Link budget tables. 58 8.3.1 General . 58 8.3.2 Parameters . 58 8.4 Spacecraft-ground network compatibility test 61 9 GMSK and 8PSK TCM modulation formats 63 9.1 GMSK modulation format 63 9.2 8PSK TCM modulation format 64 9.2.1 General principles . 64 9.
21、2.2 4 dimensional 8PSK-TCM encoder . 64 9.2.3 Differential encoders for SEF = 2 and 2,5 65 9.2.4 Trellis encoder structure 66 9.2.5 Constellation mapper for 4 dimensional 8PSK-TCM 66 9.2.6 Channel filtering 68 Annex A (normative) Spacecraft-Earth station interface control document - DRD 71 Annex B (
22、informative) Cross-support from other networks 72 Annex C (informative) Protection of Ariane-5 RF system 73 Annex D (informative) Differences from CCSDS recommendations . 76 Annex E (informative) Tailoring guidelines . 78 Bibliography . 79 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 5 Figures Figu
23、re 4-1: Maximum allowable bandwidth in the band 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz 20 Figure 6-1: PCM waveforms and symbol duration definition . 38 Figure 6-2: Symbol rate reference point . 39 Figure 6-3: QPSK/OQPSK constellation mapping 46 Figure 6-4: OQPSK post-amplifier filter transfer function 49 Figure 6-5:
24、 Spectral emission masks for telemetry transmission at symbol rates above 60 ksps 52 Figure 8-1: Parameter distributions and their equations 60 Figure 9-1: General principle of the 4D-8PSK TCM modulator . 65 Figure 9-2: Codes to eliminate 22,5 phase ambiguity on carrier synchronization 66 Figure 9-3
25、: Representation of a 64 state L=7, rate 3/4 systematic trellis encoder . 66 Figure 9-4: Constellation mapper for SEF = 2. 67 Figure 9-5: Constellation mapper for SEF = 2,5 67 Figure 9-6: Transmit structure for baseband, square root raised-cosine shaping 69 Figure 9-7: Transfer function for a 4 pole
26、s/2 zeros elliptic filter . 69 Figure 9-8: Transmit structure for post-amplifier shaping 70 Tables Table 4-1: Frequency allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services . 16 Table 5-1: Turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation 23 Table
27、5-2 Alternative turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation . 24 Table 5-3: Frequency stability for spacecraft transmitters . 24 Table 5-4: Frequency stability for spacecraft receivers . 25 Table 5-5: Occupied bandwidth 27 Table 5-6: Maximum level of spurious emissions 28 Table 5-
28、7: Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy spectral line (i.e. narrow bandwidth) observations at the surface of the Earth due to terrestrial interference sources (Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2) 30 Table 5-8: Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy cont
29、inuum (i.e. wide bandwidth) observations at the surface of the Earth due to terrestrial interference sources (Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2) 31 Table 5-9: Harmful interference levels at deep space antenna sites . 32 Table 5-10: Power flux density limits at the Earths surface 33 Table 6-1: PCM wavefo
30、rms and rates for residual carrier modulation . 37 Table 6-2: Subcarriers used with phase-modulated carriers . 39 Table 6-3: Limits of the peak modulation index . 42 Table 6-4: PCM waveforms 45 Table 8-1: Probability density functions for link budgets . 60 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (
31、E) 6 Foreword This document (EN 16603-50-05:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-50-05:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-50-05C Rev. 2. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standa
32、rd, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN
33、and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has th
34、erefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulg
35、aria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tu
36、rkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 7 Introduction This Standard contains requirements to ensure the following: Compatibility of frequency usage and modulation schemes between space agencies spacecraft and Earth stations for the Space Operation, Space Research
37、and Earth Exploration-Satellite services. Compatibility between the spacecraft and the networks that they interact with, as far as possible. Standardization of frequency usage and modulation schemes within the space projects. Conformity of spacecraft and Earth station parameters to international rad
38、io regulatory provisions (Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and with national regulatory provisions (e.g. national frequency plans). Selection of the appropriate parameters of spacecraft and Earth stations that are listed in advance of their use, thus enabling coor
39、dination with other interested parties. Optimization of the frequency usage and modulation schemes within the above limitation. BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 8 1 Scope This Standard defines the radio communication techniques used for the transfer of information between spacecraft and
40、 Earth stations in both directions, and for the tracking systems used for orbit determination. It includes the following: frequency allocation, assignment and use; requirements on transmitted signals concerning, for example, spectral occupation, RF power levels, protection of other radio services; d
41、efinition of the permissible modulation methods and parameters; specification of the major technical requirements relevant for the interface between spacecraft and Earth stations; operational aspects, such as acquisition; cross-support. This Standard is applicable to all spacecraft supported by Eart
42、h stations1and to all controlled Earth stations operating in the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services as defined in the ITU Radio Regulations.2Other space telecommunication services are not covered in this issue. All requirements in this Standard are equally appli
43、cable to both the customer and the supplier with exception of clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 which are applicable to the customer only. Further provisions and guidance on the application of this Standard can be found, respectively, in ECSS-E-ST-50 “Communications“, and in the handbook ECSS-E-HB-50A “Commun
44、ications guidelines“. ECSS-E-ST-50 defines the principle characteristics of communication protocols and related services for all communication layers relevant for space communication (physical- to application-layer), and their basic relationship to each other. The handbook ECSS-E-HB-50 provides info
45、rmation on specific implementation characteristics of these protocols in order to support the choice of a certain communications profile for the specific requirements of a space mission. Users of the present standard are invited to consult these documents before taking decisions on the implementatio
46、n of the present one. This Standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. 1This Standard is not applicable to spacecraft supported by data relay satellites. 2Under the term Earth Exploration-Satellite service, the Meteor
47、ological Satellite service is also included. BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 9 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to,
48、 or revisions of any of these publications, do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the publica
49、tion referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-03 ECSS-E-ST-10-03 Space engineering Testing EN 16603-50 ECSS-E-ST-50 Space engineering Communications EN 16603-50-01 ECSS-E-ST-50-01 Space engineering Space data links - Telemetry synchronization and channel coding ITU/RR:2004 3,4 ITU Radio Regulations 3In this Standard the relevant articles are specified after the reference name. For example, ITU/RR/1.23 refers to Article 1.23. 4For possible cha
