1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16659:2015Bitumen and BituminousBinders Multiple StressCreep and Recovery Test(MSCRT)BS EN 16659:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16659:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalComm
2、ittee B/510/19, Bitumen and related products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standard
3、s Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 79757 6ICS 75.140; 91.100.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 201
4、6.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16659:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16659 December 2015 ICS 75.140; 91.100.50 English Version Bitumen and Bituminous Binders - Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Test (MSCRT) Bitumes et liants bitumine
5、ux- Essai de fluage-recouvrance sous contraintes rptes (essai MSCR) Bitumen ud bitumenhaltige Bindemitel -MSCR-Prfung (Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Test) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 November 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations wh
6、ich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This E
7、uropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members
8、 are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
9、 Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form an
10、d by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16659:2015 EBS EN 16659:2015EN 16659:2015 (E) 2 Content European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative References . 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Principle . 5 5 Apparatus . 5 5.1 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) . 5 5.2 Moulds or s
11、heet materials . 5 5.3 Oven . 5 6 Preparation of rheometers 6 6.1 Set up . 6 6.2 Zero gap setting . 6 7 Sample preparation 6 8 Procedure. 8 8.1 Sample placing onto the rheometer . 8 8.2 Gap setting . 8 8.3 Testing . 8 9 Calculations . 9 10 Expression of Results . 9 11 Precision 10 11.1 General . 10
12、11.2 Repeatability, r 11 11.3 Reproducibility, R 11 12 Report . 11 BS EN 16659:2015BS EN 16659:2015EN 16659:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16659:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous binders”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European St
13、andard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
14、 document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stand
15、ard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa
16、in, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16659:2015BS EN 16659:20154 1 Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of percent recovery and non-recoverable creepcompliance of bitumen and bituminous binders by means of Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR)testing. The
17、MSCR test is conducted using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in creep mode at a specifiedtemperature. 1.2 The percent recovery at multiple stress levels is intended to determine the presence of elasticresponse and stress dependence of bituminous binders. 1.3 The non-recoverable creep compliance at
18、 multiple stress levels is intended as an indicator for thesensitivity to permanent deformation and stress dependence of bituminous binders. 1.4 This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated withits use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
19、 European Standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative References The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and areindispensable for its application. Fo
20、r dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Sampling bituminous bindersEN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Preparation of test samplesEN 125
21、97, Bitumen and bituminous binders - TerminologyEN 14770, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of complex shear modulus and phase angle - Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basicmethod for the determina
22、tion of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12597 and the following apply. 3.1 creep and recovery standard rheological test protocol whereby a specimen is subjected to a con
23、stant load for a fixed timeperiod, then allowed to recover, at zero load, for a fixed time period 3.2 percent recovery (%R) recovered strain in a specimen during the recovery portion of a cycle, expressed in percent EN 16659:2015 (E) BS EN 16659:2015BS EN 16659:20155 3.3 non-recoverable creep compli
24、ance (Jnr) residual strain in a specimen after a creep and recovery cycle divided by the stress applied 4 Principle This test method is used to determine the presence of elastic response in bitumen and bituminous bindersunder shear creep and recovery at two stress levels at a specified temperature.
25、The presence of this elasticresponse is determined by measuring the percent recovery and non-recoverable compliance of the binder.Non-recoverable creep compliance has been shown to be an indicator of the resistance of bitumen andbituminous binders to permanent deformation under repeated load. The te
26、st shall be conducted at 50 C, 60 C, 70 C or 80 C as appropriate. Other test temperatures may beused for comparative purposes. Sample preparation and apparatus are in accordance with EN 14770 usingthe 25 mm parallel plate geometry with a 1 mm gap setting. The sample is loaded at constant stress for
27、1 s, then allowed to recover for 9 s. Ten creep and recoverycycles are run at 0,100 kPa creep stress followed by 10 more cycles at 3,200 kPa creep stress (see Figure 1). 5 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following: 5.1 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) With either a
28、n integral temperature control system or temperature control attachments, capable ofcontrolling the temperature over a minimum range of 5C to 85C with an accuracy of 0,1 C throughoutthe test period. The rheometer shall be fitted with parallel plates, with a constant gap across the area of the plates
29、. Thetemperature control system shall encompass both plates, to avoid temperature gradients across the plates.When the test specimen is immersed in liquid other than water, ensure that the liquid does not affect theproperties of the material being analysed. The rheometer shall run in stress controll
30、ed mode and be able tocollect data samples every 0,1 s. For rheometers using an air bearing, and to avoid damage, the air supply to the bearing should be switchedon before the instrument is switched on. When not in use, the spindle should be secured. Where the bottom plate is nominally the same diam
31、eter as the top plate, then a visual check should bemade to ensure the two plates are vertically aligned. If there is any doubt as to the alignment of the top andbottom plates, then the manufacturer, or a qualified technician, should re-align the plate geometry. 5.2 Moulds or sheet materials For the
32、 preparation of the test specimens, the moulds or sheet material shall be of silicone or similarmaterial, which does not adhere to the test specimen. The use of greases or other anti-stick products is not allowed because they can affect the adherence of thesample to the rheometer plates. 5.3 Oven Ve
33、ntilated laboratory model, capable of being controlled at temperatures between 50 C and 200 C with anaccuracy of 5 C. EN 16659:2015 (E) BS EN 16659:2015BS EN 16659:20156 6 Preparation of rheometers 6.1 Set up Set up the rheometer in the sequence given in the manufacturers instructions using 25 mm pa
34、rallel platesand a 1 mm gap. Carefully prepare the rheometer plates before placing the test specimen, by cleaning with a suitable solventand soft cleaning cloth or paper. Do not use metal or any other materials, which may damage the surfaces ofthe plates, and take care not to bend the shaft of the u
35、pper plate The rheometer and temperature control system should be calibrated at regular intervals in accordancewith the quality assurance procedure of the laboratory. A suitable method is that the rheometer andtemperature control system are calibrated by a means traceable to a national standard. Als
36、o, it is advisableto verify the accuracy of the temperature control system by means of a certified temperature measuringdevice at regular intervals. Also note that external devices read the accurate temperature value only if theyare calibrated correctly. 6.2 Zero gap setting Set the zero gap between
37、 the plates prior to loading the test specimen, with both plates at the selected testtemperature. 7 Sample preparation CAUTION This standard involves handling of apparatus and binders at very high temperatures.Always wear protective gloves and eye glasses when handling hot binder, and avoid contact
38、withany exposed skin.Samples shall be taken in accordance with EN 58 and prepared in accordance with EN 12594. 7.1 Heating procedure for preparation of the binder.The softening point of the binder may be determined by EN 1427 or, if the specification grade of the binderis known, the upper softening
39、point limit may be used. Avoid prolonged heating of the bulk binder sample, and use the heating periods in EN 12594 as themaximum time prior to withdrawal of (a) sub-sample(s). For very large bulk samples, it is convenient toredistribute the binder in smaller bulk samples, after heating and careful
40、homogenization. Place the samplein the oven maintained at a temperature of 85 C 5 C above the softening point of the binder, or at180 C, whichever is the lower. For polymer modified binders according to EN 14023, the temperature shallbe between 180 C and 200 C irrespective of the softening point; th
41、e temperature shall not exceed 200 Cin any case Binder samples shall not be reheated more than two times. Reheating times for sub-samples shall conform to following requirements: 50g to 100g: max. 30 min 100g to 500g: max. 1 h 500g to 1 kg: max. 2 h EN 16659:2015 (E) BS EN 16659:2015BS EN 16659:2015
42、7 7.2 Heating procedure for preparation of binders from bituminous emulsion or cut-back or fluxedbituminous binders recovered by evaporation and/or subjected to a stabilizing procedure.In order to protect the recovered and/or stabilized binder from excessive damage (due to volatile loss orthermal ef
43、fects), heating of the recovered and/or stabilized binder shall be strictly controlled in accordancewith EN 12594 and this method. In all cases, heating times shall be kept to a minimum. Binder samplesshall not be reheated more than two times. 7.2.1 Residue from emulsion containing a flux free binde
44、rFor emulsions not categorized as a fluxed emulsion, the binder shall be heated to a temperature betweenexpected softening point + 80 C and expected softening point + 100C. 7.2.2 Residue from emulsion containing a mineral fluxed binderFor emulsions categorized as a fluxed emulsion, the binder shall
45、be heated to a temperature betweenexpected softening point + 60 C and expected softening point + 80C. 7.2.3 Residue from emulsion containing a vegetable fluxed binderFor emulsions categorized as a fluxed emulsion, the binder shall be heated to a temperature betweenexpected softening point + 80 C and
46、 expected softening point + 100C. 7.2.4 Cut-back or fluxed bitumen with mineral oilFor cut-backs or fluxed bitumens where the flux is a mineral oil, the binder shall be heated to a temperaturebetween expected softening point + 60 C and expected softening point + 80C. 7.2.5 Cut-back or fluxed bitumen
47、 with vegetable oilFor cut-backs or fluxed bitumens where the flux is a vegetable oil, the binder shall be heated to atemperature between expected softening point + 80 C and expected softening point + 100C. 7.3 Specimen manufacturing and storage conditionsMoulds or sheet materials can be used for al
48、l types of binders. When the binder reaches the workability temperature, stir and mix to ensure homogeneity. For polymer modified binders, the use of a mixer is recommended. Pour into moulds or directly on to sheets. The test specimen, once cooled to ambient, shall be pared using asuitable trimming
49、tool to the desired height and shall be stored at ambient temperature. Samples likely tocontain volatiles shall be covered. Paring should be avoided as much as possible by controlling the mass of binder to be poured into themoulds. Following minimum and maximum storage times before the de-moulding and testing procedure shall beobserved: Minimum delay: 30 min Maximum delay: 24 h EN 16659:2015 (E) BS EN 16659:2015BS EN 16659:20158 8 Procedure 8.1 Sample placing onto the rheometer The samples may be placed in the refrigerator (approximat
