1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16701:2014Energetic materials for defence Safety, vulnerability FriabilityBS EN 16701:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16701:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee DEF/1
2、, Defence standardization.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014.
3、 Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 85192 6ICS 71.100.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014.Amendments issued since publi
4、cationDate Text affectedBS EN 16701:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16701 May 2014 ICS 71.100.30 English Version Energetic materials for defence - Safety, vulnerability - Friability Matriaux nergtiques de dfense - Scurit, vulnrabilit - Friabilit Energetische Wehrmaterialien
5、- Sicherheit, Verwundbarkeit - Sprdigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
6、Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tra
7、nslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl
8、and, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATI
9、ON COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16701:2014 EBS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 2
10、Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Test method principle .5 4 Apparatus .5 4.1 Launching device.5 4.2 Fragment collection and impact device 5 4.3 Closed vessel .6 4.4 Measurement apparatus .6 4.4.1 Measurement of the impact velocity 6 4.4.2 Recording of the
11、 pressure when burning inside the closed vessel .6 5 Test specimen 7 6 Procedure .7 6.1 Performing a trial .7 6.1.1 Impact of the test specimen .7 6.1.2 Firing in the closed vessel 7 6.1.3 Using the burning results .8 6.2 Performing a test .8 7 Expression of results 9 8 Test report . 10 Annex A (inf
12、ormative) Example of an experimental device . 11 Annex B (informative) Description of the gun propellant device 12 B.1 General . 12 B.2 Cartridge preparation . 12 Annex C (informative) Example of a closed vessel . 13 Annex D (informative) Example of a test report 14 Annex E (informative) Examples of
13、 results for typical Explosive Materials 15 Bibliography . 16 BS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16701:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC SS C20 “Explosives and firework”, the secretariat of which is held by CCMC. This European Standard shall be given t
14、he status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
15、 the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Be
16、lgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swit
17、zerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This document is derived from procedure SEN-216-01, promulgated by the Groupe dtudes des Modes Opratoires (French Test Procedures Study Group) in February 2003. Annexes known as “informative” are given for infor
18、mation purposes. Annexes A to E are informative. The term friability covers the notions of fragmentation following mechanical stress and burning vivacity of the fragments. BS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method for assessing the deflagration to detonati
19、on transition (DDT) risk of an explosive material subjected to a mechanical threat. Testing applies to any compact solid explosive material. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For
20、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NF T 70-714, Energetic materials for defence Performance Closed Vessel firing 3 Test method principle A cylinder of bare explosive material is
21、projected against a flat steel plate, under normal incidence and according to its axis of revolution. The friability of the explosive material is characterised as a function of the impact velocity (IV), by the maximum value taken by the dP/dt function derived from the P(t) signal measured by burning
22、 the fragments collected following impact at a constant volume in a closed vessel. All of these operations are generally carried out at ambient temperature, unless otherwise specified. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Launching device The launching device shall be able to transmit to the sample, without damaging it,
23、 a velocity between 70 m/s and at least 200 m/s. For example, the following pneumatic launch device may be used, which includes (see general diagram in Annex A): an air tank with a volume of 3,3 L, consisting of a tube with an inside diameter of 50 mm and outside diameter of 60 mm, equipped with a p
24、neumatic control valve at each end. This tank is connected to a compressed air bottle used for establishing a pressure of 1,2 MPa; a launcher tube with an inside diameter between 18,2 mm and 18,6 mm and a length of 1,50 m connected to the pneumatic valve by means of a connection ring. A gun propella
25、nt launch device may also be used; it consists of the following elements: a test tube with a calibre 12 cylindrical core (inside diameter between 18,2 mm and 18,6 mm) and 70 mm counter boring, with an effective length of 700 mm; a gun propellant cartridge whose description is given in Annex B. 4.2 F
26、ragment collection and impact device This device includes (see Figure A.1): BS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 6 a flat steel plate with a diameter of 630 mm and 20 mm thick. The front face is machined with a roughness Ra 3,2 (see EN ISO 12085:1997, EN ISO 4287:1998, and EN ISO 1302:2002). This disk
27、is fixed to a concrete wall; a fragment collecting box consisting of a tube (for example made of PMMA.) with an inside diameter of 630 mm and a length of 1,50 m. The PMMA tube slots on to the impact disk. The other end of the tube is sealed using a PMMA disk in which a 100 mm square central hole has
28、 been made on the side in the cylinders axis. NOTE An impact disk and a fragment collecting box with a diameter of 200 mm can be used for the characterisation of highly friable explosive materials, in order to limit the dispersion of fine dust. 4.3 Closed vessel It consists of a combustion chamber s
29、ealed by one or two plugs supporting the ignition electrodes, a pressure sensor and a blow down. The unit shall withstand a minimum static pressure of 300 MPa. Its volume should be around 130 cm3(see Figure C.1). NOTE A more complete description is given in French Standard NF T 70714. It is possible
30、 to check the suitability of the combustion chamber using (9 0,1)g of double - base propellant with the following characteristics: 5,225 kJ/g formed as square pellets: 8 mm 8 mm x 0,8 mm. With this sample it is necessary to obtain: Pmax= (80 5) MPa; (dP/dt)max= (14,5 1,0) MPa/ms; in compliance with
31、the specifications regarding: the geometry of the combustion chamber; the acquisition and processing of the signal; the definition of the ignition mechanism. These specifications are stated in French Standard NF T 70714. These results are obtained with a closed vessel whose combustion chamber has a
32、constant volume of approximately 130 cm3(see Figure C.1). 4.4 Measurement apparatus 4.4.1 Measurement of the impact velocity The impact velocity is measured 1,55 m from the impact disk using, for example, two optical barriers that are 10 cm away and connected to a chronometer (see layout in Annex A)
33、. This velocity shall be measured at 1 m/s. 4.4.2 Recording of the pressure when burning inside the closed vessel In general, reference should be made to French Standard NF T 70714 for the choice of elements for the measurement chain (pressure sensor, charge amplifier, numbering and memory storage a
34、pparatus). BS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 7 For example, a KISTLER 6203 piezoelectric sensor can be used combined with a KISTLER 5001 charge amplifier. 5 Test specimen The test specimen is cylindrical, with a diameter of (18,0 0,1) mm. Its length is adjusted to obtain a mass of (9,0 0,1) g. It is
35、 obtained either directly by casting, or by punching, or by machining a block, or by compression. 6 Procedure 6.1 Performing a trial 6.1.1 Impact of the test specimen Several methods could be used to attain the desired impact velocity. The chosen launching method should not damage the sample. The se
36、quence of operations is as follows, according to the launch procedure used: with a pneumatic launch device, the plastic tamping plug is inserted into the tube muzzle then pushed in using a variable depth index rod according to the expected velocity. The sample is then inserted through the tube muzzl
37、e and pushed in until it stops against the tamping plug; The pressure is established in the air tank by opening valve 1. Firing is triggered by opening valve 2 (see Annex A); with a gun device, are successively inserted through the muzzle a plastic tamping plug using an indexed rod, then the sample
38、to test on contact with the tamping plug. The propellant cartridge is inserted into the chamber and the moving head is locked using the breech. Then, firing is triggered. The impact velocity (IV) of the test specimen is recorded and all of the fragments are carefully collected then weighed. The mass
39、 loss for each sample shall be lower than or equal to 0,3 g, before burning it in the closed vessel. In case of an explosive event at the impact, the highest velocity for which there is no reaction is noted in the test report. 6.1.2 Firing in the closed vessel 6.1.2.1 Verification of the apparatus B
40、efore each test series in the manometric vessel, test firing can be performed with the Double Based Propellant (defined in 4.3). The maximum pressure derivative obtained is noted and a variation of 1,0 MPa/ms of this derivative is permitted in relation to the reference value: MPa/ms514,max=dtdPBS EN
41、 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 8 In the event where the maximum pressure derivative would have varied by more than 1,0 MPa/ms, the corrective actions should be carried out in accordance with the French standard NF T 70-714 (for example, change of the seals, checking of the pressure sensor calibration
42、and the condition of the vessel body). 6.1.2.2 Burning the impacted sample Burning in the closed vessel is performed as follows: weigh approximately 0,5 g of black powder with the characteristics (grain size: 0,75 mm; Potassium Nitrate 74 %, Sulphur 10,5 %, Carbon 15,5 %, moisture 200 Composite Prop
43、ellant AP/Al 82/4 (Butacene) 17 155 Composite Propellant AP/Al 68/20 9 189 BS EN 16701:2014EN 16701:2014 (E) 16 Bibliography 1 EN ISO 12085:1997, Geometrical product specification (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Motif parameters (ISO 12085:1996) 2 EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical product spec
44、ifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997) 3 EN ISO 1302:2002, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation (ISO 1302:2002) 4 Dictionnaire de pyrotechnie du GTPS
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