1、Design/construction of Via FerratasBS EN 16869:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16869 November 2017 ICS 97.220.40 English Version Design/construction of Via Ferratas Conception et construction de
2、 via ferrata Aufbau von Klettersteigen (Via Ferratas) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any a
3、lteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
4、made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Es
5、tonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTE
6、E FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16869:2017 ENational foreword
7、This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16869:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/136/5, Sports, Playground and other Recreational Equipment - Mountaineering Equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained
8、on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 89898 3ICS 97.220.40Compliance with a B
9、ritish Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 16869:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD N
10、ORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16869 November 2017 ICS 97.220.40 English Version Design/construction of Via Ferratas Conception et construction de via ferrata Aufbau von Klettersteigen (Via Ferratas) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with
11、the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Managem
12、ent Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same statu
13、s as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
14、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 20
15、17 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16869:2017 EBS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Construction requirements . 6 4
16、.1 Safety system 6 4.1.1 General 6 4.1.2 Design and manufacture . 7 4.1.3 Safety line terminations . 10 4.2 Progression aids . 10 4.2.1 General . 10 4.2.2 Footsteps, holds and handrails . 10 4.2.3 Bridges, ladders and other progression elements . 11 5 Test methods . 13 5.1 Design and manufacture 13
17、5.2 Strength Tests 13 5.2.1 Apparatus 13 5.2.2 Procedure 14 5.2.3 Progression aids . 15 6 Marking 16 6.1 Marking at the beginning of the Via Ferrata. 16 6.2 Marking at the beginning of the relevant sections of the Via Ferrata . 17 6.3 Marking at the end of the Via Ferrata . 17 7 Inspection and maint
18、enance requirements . 17 Annex A (informative) Positioning of the connector at the fall arrest . 18 Annex B (normative) Requirements on environmental impact, safety, and the ethics and aesthetics of mountain sports . 22 B.1 General . 22 B.2 Preparation for Via Ferrata construction . 22 B.2.1 General
19、 . 22 B.2.2 Preliminary concertation and consensus among stakeholders 22 B.3 Mountain Sport Aspects . 23 B.3.1 General . 23 B.3.2 Target users . 23 B.3.3 Mountain danger 23 B.3.4 The influence of existing rock climbs . 23 B.4 Authorizations . 23 B.5 Legal considerations . 23 BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869
20、:2017 (E) 3 B.5.1 Environmental protection laws . 23 B.5.2 Liability and duty to structural integrity . 24 B.6 Environmental considerations 24 B.6.1 General . 24 B.6.2 Land use regulations . 24 B.6.3 Degree of development and infrastructure. 24 B.6.4 Level of encroachment 24 B.6.5 Quarries . 24 B.6.
21、6 Visitor levels/impact . 24 B.6.7 Duration of use 24 B.7 Business considerations 24 Annex C (informative) Determination of the route (path) . 25 Bibliography . 26 BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16869:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136
22、“Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2018, and conflicting national st
23、andards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulatio
24、ns, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
25、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies design, inspection and maintenance requirements a
26、pplicable to a Via Ferrata. It is not applicable to ropes courses (covered by EN 15567) or to trails only equipped with progression aids such as foot-steps, ladders, handrails, chains, cables, ropes. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in t
27、his document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 958, Mountaineering equipment - Energy absorbing systems for use in klettersteig
28、(via ferrata) climbing - Safety requirements and test methods EN 12275, Mountaineering equipment - Connectors - Safety requirements and test methods EN 12277, Mountaineering equipment - Harnesses - Safety requirements and test methods EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 1: General requirements
29、EN 12385-2, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification EN 12385-3, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 3: Information for use and maintenance EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings EN 13411-2, Terminations for steel
30、wire ropes Safety Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design EN 1991-1-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-2: General actions - Actions on structures exposed to fire EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General action
31、s - Snow loads EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions EN 1993-1-11, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-11: Design of structures with tension components ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete Part 3: Making and curing test specimens 3 Terms an
32、d definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Via Ferrata route, generally on rocky terrain, consisting of a fixed climbing installation including a safety line where the user is not supervised Note 1 to entry: The mere presence of a wire cable/rope
33、on a mountain route does not constitute a Via Ferrata (e.g. Hrnli Ridge on Matterhorn). BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 6 3.2 fixed climbing installation safety line allowing the self-belaying of the user by a fall protection system including an energy absorbing system and/or optional equipment to
34、 help the user progression (e.g. foot holds, hand holds, ladders, handrails, anchors which may also be used for additional protection when climbing in rope party) 3.3 safety system safety line fixed to anchor points 3.4 safety line flexible or rigid, horizontal, vertical or sloping, continuous or di
35、scontinuous installation used as a protection against fall from a height and possibly as a progression aid 3.5 anchor point fixation of the safety line to a structure, either natural or artificial 3.6 progression aids artificial means to help the progression of the user 3.7 pre-tension load which is
36、 applied to the safety line during assembly 3.8 vertical section section where the line, defined by two successive anchors points, forms an angle equal or more than 25 with the horizontal 3.9 horizontal section section where the line, defined by two successive anchors points, forms an angle of less
37、than 25 with the horizontal 4 Construction requirements 4.1 Safety system 4.1.1 General The safety system is intended to be used with a fall protection system including at least a connecting system connected and an energy absorbing system in accordance with EN 958, connected to the users harness in
38、accordance with EN 12277. If the connecting system incorporates a connector in accordance with EN 12275 it shall be of type K. BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 7 4.1.2 Design and manufacture 4.1.2.1 General There shall be no sharp edges and burrs on the facility within reach of the user. An anticor
39、rosion treatment is recommended. The degree of protection needed shall be defined by the responsible constructor. The nominal diameter of the safety line shall be between 10 mm and 16 mm. For the safety system where the safety line can also be used as a progression aid, the nominal diameter of the s
40、afety line shall be between 12 mm and 16 mm. Wire cables covered by a plastic sheath are not permitted. Therefore, it is also forbidden to repair a frayed cable using a rubber band or plastic tape. When the safety line is intended to be a progression aid, it shall not be in contact with the rock. Th
41、e terminations of safety lines shall be fixed to an anchor and not directly to the rock (e.g. not glued into a hole). There shall be no discontinuation of the safety line 1 m except in low risk areas. NOTE The provisions relating to materials in this standard do not imply that other equivalent mater
42、ials are unsuitable in the manufacture of a Via Ferrata. The selection of materials and their use should be in accordance with appropriate European Standards. Materials shall be selected and protected so that the structural integrity of the equipment manufactured from these materials does not become
43、 unserviceable before the next relevant inspection. Particular care should be taken in the choice of materials where equipment is to be used in extreme climatic or atmospheric conditions. In the choice of materials or substances for Via Ferrata, consideration should be given to the eventual disposal
44、 of the material or substance having regard to any possible environmental toxic hazard. When natural or synthetic materials (non-metallic) are used in a critical application, a competent person shall determine an inspection procedure or to adhere to the constraints of the manufacturers information.
45、Consideration should also be given to degradation of structural components through ultraviolet influences. After a fall, with or without the deployment of the EAS (Engineered Air System) the user shall be able to reach again the route on his own. 4.1.2.2 Placement of the anchor points The vertical d
46、istance between two anchor points shall not exceed 3 m. The linear distance between two anchors points shall not exceed 6 m. The distance between the first two anchor points, intended to arrest a fall, and the ground or a ledge shall be as shown in Figure 1. BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 8 Dimen
47、sions in metres Key 1 ground or ledge 2 first anchor point at (3,5 0,2) m 3 second anchor point at (4,5 0,2) m Figure 1 Distance between the first anchor point intended to arrest a fall and the ground BS EN 16869:2017EN 16869:2017 (E) 9 4.1.2.3 Design The design of the safety system should minimize
48、the improper loading of the connector at the arrest of a fall (see Annex A). 4.1.2.4 Influence of loads 4.1.2.4.1 General The following loads (4.1.2.4.2 and 4.1.2.4.3) shall be taken into consideration when designing and manufacturing a Via Ferrata. 4.1.2.4.2 Variable loads Variable loads consist of
49、: a) user loads (static and dynamic); b) snow loads. The effect of temperature shall also be taken into consideration. 4.1.2.4.3 User loads 4.1.2.4.3.1 General Empirical evidence suggests that it is impossible to have two or more users creating a peak impact force simultaneously due to a fall. 4.1.2.4.3.2 Vertical section The following user loads shall be taken for: Exceptional load = 9,2 kN (1 person falling + 1 person hanging); Traffic load = 1,6 kN (2 persons of 80 kg hanging). 4.1.2.4.3.3 Horizontal section The following user loads
