1、BS EN 16983:2016Disc springs Qualityspecifications DimensionsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16983:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16983:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was
2、 entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FME/9/3, Springs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British
3、Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 93172 7 ICS 21.160 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2
4、016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16983:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16983 November 2016 ICS 21.160 English Version Disc springs - Quality specifications - Dimensions Rondelles ressorts - Spcification de qualit - Dimension
5、s Tellerfedern - Qualittsanforderungen - Mae This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 August 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterati
6、on. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
7、 translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
8、Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZ
9、ATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16983:2016 EBS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E)
10、 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 4 3.1 Terms and definitions . 4 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms 5 4 Dimensions and designation . 6 4.1 General 6 4.2 Disc spring groups 6 4.3 Dimensional se
11、ries . 7 5 Spring material 7 6 Spring dimensions, nominal sizes, design values 7 6.1 Dimensional series A . 7 6.2 Dimensional series B . 8 6.3 Dimensional series C 9 7 Manufacture . 10 7.1 Manufacturing process and surface quality . 10 7.2 Heat treatment 11 7.3 Shot peening . 11 7.4 Presetting 11 7.
12、5 Surface treatment and corrosion protection . 11 8 Tolerances 12 8.1 Tolerances on diameter . 12 8.2 Tolerances on thickness 12 8.3 Tolerances on free overall height, l0. 12 8.4 Tolerances on spring load . 13 8.4.1 Single disc springs 13 8.4.2 Springs stacked in series . 13 8.5 Clearance between di
13、sc spring and guiding element 14 9 Creep and relaxation . 14 10 Permissible stresses 16 10.1 Static and rarely alternating loading 16 10.2 Dynamic loading . 16 10.2.1 General . 16 10.2.2 Permissible loading . 17 11 Testing 19 11.1 General . 19 11.2 Check of dimensions and other spring characteristic
14、s 19 11.3 Hardness testing . 20 12 Other relevant requirements . 20 Bibliography . 21 BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16983:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 407 “Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and de
15、sign”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017. This Eu
16、ropean Standard has been prepared by the initiative of the Association of the European Spring Federation ESF and is based on the German Standard DIN 2093 “Disc springs Quality specifications Dimensions”, which is known and used in many European countries. Attention is drawn to the possibility that s
17、ome of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this Eu
18、ropean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S
19、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard specifies the set of requirements that ensure the correct functioning of disc spring. These include requirements relating to the materials and manufacturing process, toleranc
20、es on dimensions and spring forces, and also the permissible relaxation and fatigue life of such springs as a function of stress. All requirements specified here are minimum requirements. This standard covers three dimensional series of disc springs. NOTE In this standard, disc springs are divided i
21、nto three groups and three dimensional series. Classification into groups is based on the manufacturing process, which is a function of the material thickness. The assignment of disc springs to dimensional series is governed by the h0/t ratio. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole
22、 or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1654, Copper and copper alloys - Stri
23、p for springs and connectors EN 10083 (all parts), Steels for quenching and tempering EN 10089, Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs - Technical delivery conditions EN 10132-4, Cold rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment - Technical delivery conditions - Part 4: Spring steels an
24、d other applications EN 10151, Stainless steel strip for springs - Technical delivery conditions EN ISO 3269, Fasteners - Acceptance inspection (ISO 3269) EN ISO 6507 (all parts), Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test (ISO 6507) EN ISO 6508 (all parts), Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness te
25、st (ISO 6508) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definition given in EN ISO 26909 apply. NOTE Disc springs are annular coned elements that offer resistance to a compressive load applied axially. They m
26、ay be designed as single disc springs or as disc springs stacked in parallel or in series, either singly or in multiples. They may be subjected to both static and fatigue loading, and may have flat bearings. BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 5 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms For the purpose
27、s of this document, the following symbols, units and abbreviated terms apply. Table 1 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms Symbol Unit Description Demm Outer diameter of spring Dimm Inner diameter of spring D0mm Diameter of centre of rotation E MPa Modulus of elasticity F N Spring load FcN Design sp
28、ring load when spring is in the flattened position FtN Test load for length Ltor ltF N Relaxation L0mm Length of springs stacked in series or in parallel, in the initial position Lcmm Design length of springs stacked in series or in parallel, in the flattened position N Number of cycles to failure R
29、 N/mm Spring rate W N mm Energy capacity of spring h0mm Initial cone height of springs without flat bearings, h0= l0 t h0mm Initial cone height of springs with flat bearings, h0= l0 t i Number of disc springs or packets stacked in series l0mm Free overall height of spring in its initial position ltm
30、m Test length of disc spring, lt= l0 0,75 h0s mm Deflection of single disc spring s1, s2, s3. mm Spring deflections related to spring loads F1, F2, F3 t mm Thickness of single disc spring t mm Reduced thickness of single disc spring with flat bearings (group 3) Poissons ratio MPa Design stress II, I
31、II, OMMPa Design stresses at the points designated II, III, OM (see Figure 1) hMPa Fatigue stress related to the deflection of springs subject to fatigue loading OMPa Maximum fatigue stress UMPa Minimum fatigue stress H= O UMPa Permanent range of fatigue stress P Theoretical centre of rotation of di
32、sc spring cross section (see Figure 1) V, V Lever arms BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 6 Symbol Unit Description RaMean surface roughness 4 Dimensions and designation 4.1 General a) without flat bearings: b) with flat bearings: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Figure 1 Single disc spring of group 1, 2 or 3
33、 (sectional view), including the relevant points of loading Designation of a disc spring of dimensional series A with an outer diameter, Deof 40 mm: Disc spring EN 16983 A 40 4.2 Disc spring groups Table 2 Disc spring groups Group t With flat bearings and reduced thickness 1 50: 2 IT12; Di: toleranc
34、e class H12. 8.2 Tolerances on thickness Table 8 Tolerances on thickness Group t Tolerances 1 0,2 t 0,6 + 0,02 0,06 0,6 t 1,25 + 0,03 0,09 2 1,25 t 3,8 + 0,04 0,12 3,8 t 6,0 + 0,05 0,15 3 6,0 t 14,0 0,10 8.3 Tolerances on free overall height, l0Table 9 Tolerances on free overall height, l0Group t To
35、lerances 1 t 1,25 + 0,10 0,05 2 1,25 t 2,0 + 0,15 0,08 2,0 t 3,0 + 0,20 0,10 3,0 t 6,0 + 0,30 0,15 3 6,0 t 14,0 0,30 BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 13 8.4 Tolerances on spring load 8.4.1 Single disc springs The spring load Ftshall be determined at test length lt= l0 0,75 h0. The measurement is ta
36、ken while loading between flat plates, using a suitable lubricant. The flat plates shall be hardened, ground, and polished. Table 10 Tolerances on spring load Group t Tolerances for Ftat lt= l0 0,75 h0, % 1 t 1,25 + 25 7,5 2 1,25 t 3,0 + 15 7,5 3,0 t 6,0 + 10 5 3 6,0 t 14,0 5 To comply with the spec
37、ified load tolerances, it may be necessary to exceed the tolerance values specified for l0and t. 8.4.2 Springs stacked in series Figure 2 Loading and unloading curves obtained from testing springs stacked in series Ten single disc springs stacked in series shall be used to determine the deviation in
38、 load between the loading curve and the unloading curve. Prior to testing, the disc spring shall be compressed to twice its test load, Ft. The individual disc springs shall be centred by a mandrel in compliance with Clause 12. The clearance between disc springs and mandrel shall be as specified in T
39、able 12. The flat plates shall meet the requirements specified in 8.4.1. At Lt= L0 7,5 h0, the spring load determined for the unloading curve shall make up at least the minimum percentages specified in Table 11 of the spring load determined for the loading curve (see also Figure 2). BS EN 16983:2016
40、EN 16983:2016 (E) 14 Table 11 Minimum spring load at unloading, as a percentage of the spring load at loading at Lt Group Series A B C 1 90 85 2 92,5 87,5 3 95 90 8.5 Clearance between disc spring and guiding element A guiding element is necessary to keep the disc spring in position. This should be
41、preferably a mandrel. In the case of external positioning, a sleeve is preferred. Table 12 Recommended clearance between disc spring and guiding element Dior DeTotal clearance Up to 16 0,2 Over 16 up to 20 0,3 Over 20 up to 26 0,4 Over 26 up to 31,5 0,5 Over 31,5 up to 50 0,6 Over 50 up to 80 0,8 Ov
42、er 80 up to 140 1,0 Over 140 up to 250 1,6 9 Creep and relaxation All disc springs lose load during usage. Depending on the application, this is expressed by creep or relaxation. Both creep and relaxation are largely a result of the stress distribution over the cross section of the disc spring. Its
43、influence can be estimated on the basis of the design stress OM(seeEN 16984:2016, Clause 9).Creep is defined as the further decrease in length of the disc spring with time, l, when subjected to a constant load. Relaxation is defined as the decrease in load with time, F, when the disc spring is compr
44、essed to a constant length. For disc springs under static load, the guideline values for relaxation illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 should not be exceeded. BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 15 Key Y relaxation F/F100 % X OMin MPa 1 after 1 000 h 2 after 48 h Figure 3 Permissible relaxation for disc s
45、prings made of carbon steel in accordance with EN 10132-4 BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 16 Key Y relaxation F/F100 % X OMin MPa 1 after 1 000 h 2 after 48 h Figure 4 Permissible relaxation for disc springs made of alloy steel in accordance with EN 10089 and EN 10132-4 If the ambient temperature
46、exceeds 100 C, the spring manufacturer should be consulted. 10 Permissible stresses 10.1 Static and rarely alternating loading For disc springs made of steels according to EN 10089 or EN 10132-4, which are subject to static loading or to moderate fatigue conditions, the design stress, OM, at maximum
47、 deflection shall not exceed 1 600 MPa. Higher stresses may cause a higher loss of spring load (see Clause 9). 10.2 Dynamic loading 10.2.1 General Minimum initial deflection to avoid cracking: Disc springs subject to fatigue loading shall be designed and installed in such a way that the initial defl
48、ection is s1approximately 0,15 h0to s1approximately 0,20 h0in order to avoid cracking at the upper inner edge, point I (see Figure 1) as a result of residual stresses from the presetting process. BS EN 16983:2016EN 16983:2016 (E) 17 10.2.2 Permissible loading Figures 5 to 7 illustrate the fatigue li
49、fe of disc springs subject to dynamic loading that have not been shot peened. They specify guideline values for the permanent range of stress, H, as a function of the minimum stress, U, at three different numbers of stress cycles namely where N 2 106, N = 105, and N = 5 105. Intermediate values for other numbers of stress cycles may be estimated based on this information. The information given in Figures 5 to 7 represents the results
