1、BSI Standards PublicationBasic standard on measurementand calculation procedures forhuman exposure to electric,magnetic and electromagneticfields (0 Hz 300 GHz)BS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013BS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50413:2008+A1:2013. It
2、 supersedes BS EN 50413:2009, which will be withdrawn on 2 September 2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and high frequency electromagnetic radiation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be ob
3、tained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 83120 1 ICS 13.280; 17.220.20;
4、33.100.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 8 February 2009.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 November 2013 Impl
5、ementation of CENELEC amendment A1:2013: Table D.2 modified. BSI and CEN publication dates alignedBRITISH STANDARDEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMCENELEC European Committee forElectrotechnicalStandardization Comit Europen deNormalisation ElectrotechniqueEuropischesKomitee fr Elektro
6、technische NormungCentral Secretariat:rue de Stassart35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELECmembers.Ref. No. EN 50413:2008 EICS 17.220.20; 33.100.01English versionBasic standard on measurementand calculation procedur
7、es for human exposure to electric,magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz)Norme de base pourles procdures demesures et de calculs pour lexposition des personnes aux champs lectriques, magntiqueset lectromagntiques(0 Hz - 300 GHz)Grundnorm zu Mess- und Berechnungsverfahren der Expositionv
8、on Personen inelektrischen,magnetischen und elektromagnetischen Feldern (0 Hz bis 300 GHz)This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to complywith the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the st
9、atus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applica-tion to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germa
10、n). A version in any other lan-guage made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified tothe Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
11、Cyprus, theCzech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.October 2013EN 50413:2008+A1
12、 2 ForewordThis European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC106X, Electromagneticfields in the human environment. The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved byCENELEC asEN 50413 on 2008-09-01.The following dates were fixed: latest date by which th
13、e EN hasto be implemented at national level bypublication of an identicalnational standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-09-01 latestdate bywhich the national standards conflictingwith the EN havetobe withdrawn (dow) 2011-09-01_This document (EN 50413:2008/A1:2013) has been prepared by CLC/TC 106X “E
14、lectromagnetic fields in the human environment “. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-09-02 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
15、 this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-09-02 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Foreword to amendment A1BS EN 504
16、13:2008+A1:2013 EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 (E) 3 Contents 1Scope 52Normative references 53Definitions 54Introduction . 94.1 General remarks 94.2 Static fields . 104.3Low frequency range. 104.4High frequency range. 104.5Multiple frequency fields and multiple sources 114.6Exposure scenario.115Assessment of
17、 human exposure bymeasurement . 115.1General remarks 115.2EM field measurement . 125.3Body current measurement . 165.4Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). 175.5Uncertainty . 195.6Calibration 196Assessment of humanexposure bycalculation 206.1General aspects. 206.2SAR calculation 206.3Uncertainty of calcul
18、ations. 207Phantoms for measurement and computation 218Assessment report 218.1General 218.2Items to be recorded in the assessment report. 219References . 22Annex A (informative) Analytical models for validation of calculation methods . 24Annex B (informative) Numerical methods. 35Annex C (informativ
19、e) Uncertainty assessment for the measurement of EMF. 38Annex D (informative) Consideration of different types of radio transmission (modulation) . 43Bibliography 48FiguresFigure A.1 Scheme of the spheroid 28Figure A.2 k E versusparameter L / R . Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure A.3 Current densit
20、yinduced by an electric field of strength equal to 1 kV/m, 50 Hz versusparameter L / R . 31Figure A.4 Scheme of the spheroid simulating a human being standing on azero potential plane 31Figure A.5 Scheme of the spheroid 32Figure A.6 k B versus coordinate y (at z = 0) for different values of the rati
21、o L/R . 33Figure A.7 k B versus coordinate z (at y= 0) for different values of the ratio L / R 34BS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 (E) 4 Tables Table 1 Evaluation parameters. 11Table D.1 Characters used to define the class of emission, based on information given in the RadioRegulations
22、of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 44Table D.2 Relationship between carrier, mean and peak power for the most usual modulation typesin the caseofmaximum m odulated signal 46BS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 (E) 5 1 ScopeThis European Standard gives elements to establishm
23、ethods for measurement and calculation of quantities associated with the assessment of human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF ) inthe frequency range from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The major intention of this Basic Standard is to give the commonbackground and information to rele
24、vant EMF standards. This Basic Standard cannot go into detailsextensivelydue to the broad frequency range and the huge amount of possible applications. Therefore it isnot possible to specifydetailed calculation or measurement procedures in this Ba sic Standard. This standardprovides general procedur
25、es only for those product and workplace categories for which there do not existany relevant assessment procedures in a nyexisting European EMF basic standard.If there exists an applicable European EMF standard focused on specific product or workplace categoriesthen the assessment shall follow that s
26、tandard. If an applicable European EMF standard does not exist, butan applicable assessment procedure in another European EMF standard does exist, then that assessm entprocedure shall be used.This standard deals with quantities that can be measured or calculated in free space, notably electric and m
27、agnetic field strength or power density, and includes the measurement and calculation of quantities insidethe body that forms the basis for protection guidelines. In particular the standard provides information on definitions and terminology, characteristics of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic
28、 fields, measurement of exposure quantities, instrumentation requirements, methods of calibration, measurement techniques and procedures for evaluating exposure, calculation methods for exposure assessment. 2 NormativereferencesVoid.3 Definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms
29、and definitions apply.3.1action valuesmagnitude of directly measurable parameters, provided in terms of electric field strength (E ), magnetic fieldstrength ( H ), magnetic flux density ( B ) and power density ( S ), atwhich one or more of the specified measures in Directive 2004/40/EC must be under
30、taken. Compliance with these values will ensure compliance with the relevant exposure limit values (from 2004/40/EC)3.2antennadevice that serves as a transducer between a guided wave for example in a coaxial cable and a free space wave,or vice versa 3.3basic restrictionrestrictions on exposure to ti
31、me-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields that are based directlyon established health effects (from ICNIRP guidelines)3.4contact currentcurrent flowing into the body resulting from contact with a conductive object in an electromagnetic field. Thisis the localised current flow into t
32、he body (usually the hand, for a light brushing contact)BS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 (E) 6 3.5current density ( J ) current per unit cross-sectional area flowing inside the human body as a result of direct exposure toelectromagnetic fields, expressed in the unit ampere per square m
33、 (A/m2 ) 3.6electric flux density (D ) vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electricfield strength E and the permittivity of free space 0 : D = 0 E + PElectric flux densityis expressed in units of coulombsper square m (C/m).NOTE In vac
34、uum, the electric flux density is at all points equal to the product of the electric field strength and thepermittivityof free space: D = 0 E3.7electric field strength ( E ) vectorquantityobtained at a given point that represents the force ( F ) on an infinitely small charge (q ) dividedby the charg
35、e:qFE =Electric field strength is expressed in the unit volt per m(V/m)3.8exposureexposure occurs when there is an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field at the same location as the person from an external source 3.9exposure limit valueslimits on exposure to electromagnetic fields which are bas
36、ed directlyon established health effects and biologicalconsiderations. Compliance with these limits will ensure that workers exposed to electromagneticfields are protected against all known adverse health effects (from 2004/40/EC)3.10far-field region region of the field of an antenna where the radia
37、l field distribution is essentiallydependent inversely on thedistance from the antenna. In this region the field has a predominantly plane-wave character,i.e. locally uniform distribution of electric field and magnetic field in planes transverse to the direction of propagationNOTE In the far-field r
38、egion the vectors of the electric field E and the magnetic field H are perpendicular to each otherand the quotient between the value of the electric field strength E and the magnetic field strength H isconstant and equals the impedance of free space Z0 . 3.11impedance of freespacethe impedance of fr
39、ee space Z 0 is defined as the square root of the free space permeability 0 divided bythe permittivityof free space 0= 377120Z0003.12isotropicqualifies a physical medium or technical devicewhere the relevant properties are independent of the directionBS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 (E
40、) 7 3.13induced current ( I ) current induced inside the body as a result of direct exposure to electromagnetic fields, expressed in the unitampere (A)3.14linearity of measurement instrumentmaximum deviation over the measurement range of the measured quantity from the closest linear reference curve
41、defined over a given interval3.15magnetic flux density (B ) the field vectorin a point that results in a force ( F ) on a charge ( q ) movingwith the velocity (v ) F = q (v B )The magnitude of the magnetic flux density is expressed in the unit tesla (T)3.16magnetic field strength ( H ) vector quanti
42、ty obtained at a given point by subtracting the magnetization M from the magnetic flux densityBdivided by the permeability offree space 0 : MBH =0Magnetic field strength is expressed in the unit ampere per metre (A/m)NOTE In vacuum, the magnetic field strength is at all points equal to the magnetic
43、flux density divided by thepermeabilityof free space: H = B / 03.17modulation is the process of modifying the amplitude, phase and/or frequencyof a periodic waveform in order to conveyinformation 3.18near-field regionregion generally in proximity to an antenna or other radiating structure, in which
44、the electric and magnetic fields do not have a substantially plane-wave character, but vary considerably from point to point. The near-field region is further subdivided into the reactive near-field region, which is closes t to the radiating structure and that contains most or nearly all of the stor
45、ed energy, and the radiating near-field r egion where the radiation field predominates over the reactive field, but lacks substantial plane-wave character and iscomplex in structure 3.19peak valuethe peak value of the electric or magnetic field strength or magnetic flux density represents the maximu
46、mmagnitude of the field vector. It is built up out of three individual components of the electric or magnetic field strength or magnetic flux density, which are instantaneous values in three mutuallyorthogonal directionsxyzVVtVtVt=+222P max()()()BS EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 EN 50413:2008+A1:2013 (E) 8 3
47、.20permeability ( ) property of a materialwhich defines the relationship between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field strength H . It is commonly used as the combination of the permeability of free space ( 0 ) and the relativepermeability for specific materials ( r) BH=r0where r is the relativ
48、e permeabilityof the material 0 is the permeability of free space.The permeabilityis expressed in units of henryper metre (H/m) 3.21permittivity ( ) property of a dielectric material, e.g., biological tissue, defined by the electric flux density D divided by theelectric field strength EDE=r0where r
49、is the relative permittivityof the material 0 is the permittivity of free space.The permittivityis expressed in units of farads per metre (F/m) 3.22phantom simplified model of the human body or body part composed ofmaterials with dielectric properties close to theorganic tissue3.23power density (S ) power per unit area normal to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation.The power densityis expressed in units of watts per square m (W/m) NOTE 1 For plane wav
