1、BS EN 50492:2008ICS 13.280; 17.220.20; 33.070.01NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDBasic standard for thein-situ measurementof electromagneticfield strength relatedto human exposurein the vicinity of basestationsIncorporating March 2009+A1:2014corri
2、gendumNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50492:2008+A1:2014. It supersedes BS EN 50492:2008 which will be withdrawn on 6 January 2017.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CENELE
3、C text carry the number of the CENELEC amendment. For example, text altered by CENELEC amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and high frequency electromagnetic radiation.A list of organiza
4、tions represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
5、BS EN 50492:2008+A1:2014This British Standard waspublished under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 January2009Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 March 2009 Correction to poor quality figures31 May 2014 Implementation of CENELEC amendment A1:2
6、014ISBN 978 0 580 80044 3 The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMCENELEC European Committee forElectrotechnicalStandardization Comit Europen deNormalisation ElectrotechniqueEuropischesKomitee fr Elektrotechnisch
7、e NormungCentral Secretariat:rue de Stassart35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELECmembers.Ref. No. EN 50492:2008 EICS 17.220.20; 33.070.01English versionBasic standard for the in-situ measurement of electromagnetic
8、field strength related to human exposure in the vicinityof base stations Norme de base pour la mesure d u champ lectromagntique sursite, en relationavec lexposition du corps humain proximit des stations de baseGrundnorm fr die Messungder elektromagnetischen Feldstrke am Aufstell- und Betriebsort von
9、 Basisstationen inBezugaufdie Sicherheit von in ihrer Nhebefindlichen PersonenThis European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to complywith the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a na
10、tional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained onapplication to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version
11、in any otherlanguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notifiedto the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, theCzech
12、 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.EN 50492:2008+A1March 2014 2 Foreword This E
13、uropean Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC106X, Electromagneticfields in the human environment.The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC asEN 50492 on2008-09-01.The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN hasto be impl
14、emented at national level bypublication of an identicalnational standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-09-01 latestdate bywhich the national standards conflictingwith the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-09-01This European Standard has been prepared under Mandate M/305 given to CENELEC bythe Europe
15、anCommission and the European Free Trade Association and covers essential requirements of EC DirectiveRTTED (1999/5/EC). _This document (EN 50492:2008/A1:2014) has been prepared by CLC/TC 106X, “Electromagnetic fields in the human environment“. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which thi
16、s document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-01-06 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-01-06 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
17、he elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Foreword to amendment A1BS EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 (E) 3 Contents 1Scope 72Normative references 73Terms and definition
18、s . 74Physical quantities, units and constants 104.1Quantities 104.2Constants 105General process 106Site analysis and case determination. 126.1Introduction 126.2RF sources to be considered 126.3Case determination. 127Determination of field quantity to measure inrelation to the distance to source ant
19、ennas. 138Requirements of measurement systems 138.1General 138.2 Technical requirements of measurement systems. 149Measurement procedures. 169.1General requirements 169.2Field strength assessment 1610 Assessment of the field strength at maximum traffic of a cellular network . 1811 Uncertainty . 1911
20、.1Requirement for expanded uncertainty. 1911.2Uncertainty estimation. 1912 Presentation of results 22Annex A (informative) Main services operating RF. 23Annex B (informative) Sweeping method . 24B.1Measurement setup. 24B.2 Measurement method. 24B.3 Discussion on advantages and disadvantages of the m
21、ethod 24B.4 References 25Annex C (informative) Example of broadband equipment use. 26C.1 General 26C.2 Locating the point of maximum exposure . 26Annex D (informative) Spectrum analyser settings. 28D.1 Introduction 28D.2 Detection algorithms 28D.3 Resolution bandwidth and channel power processing 29
22、D.4 Integration per service. 31Annex E (informative) Measuring and evaluating different broadcast signals in respect to EMF . 32E.1FM radio 32E.2 DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting; Digitalradio) . 32E.3 Long wave, medium wave and short wave service. 32E.4 DRM (Digital Radio Mondial) . 33BS EN 50492:200
23、8+A1:2014 EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 (E) 4 E.5 Analog (PAL and SECAM modulation). 33E.6 DVB-T 34Annex F (informative) WCDMA measurement and calibration using a code domain analyser 35F.1 General 35F.2 Requirements for the code domain analyser 35F.3 Antenna factor . 36F.4 Calibration . 37Annex G (informat
24、ive) Influence of human body on probe measurements of the electrical field strength . 40G.1Simulations of the influence of human body on probe measurements based on the method ofmoments (surface equivalence principle)40G.2Comparison withmeasurements. 41G.3Conclusions . 42Annex H (informative) Spatia
25、l averaging 43H.1 Introduction 43H.2 Small-scale fading variations 44H.3 Error on the estimation of local average power density 44H.4 Characterization of environment statistical properties 45H.5 Characterisation of different averaging schemes 45H.6 Example of uncertainty assessment . 49H.7 Reference
26、s 49Annex I (informative) Maximum traffic estimation of cellular network contribution 50I.1 General 50I.2 GSM and estimation of the exposure at maximum traffic. 50I.3 UMTS and estimation of the exposure at maximum traffic . 51I.4 Influence of traffic in real operating network. 51I.5 Maximum traffic
27、estimation forTETRA and TETRAPOL PMR cellular network contribution. 52Annex J (informative) WiFi measurements. 55J.1General 55J.2Integration time for reproducible measurements 55J.3Channel occupation. 56J.4Some considerations . 56J.5Scalabilityby channel occupation. 57J.6Influence of the application
28、 layers . 57Annex K (informative) Examples of implementation of this standard in the context of Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC. 58K.1Purpose . 58K.2 General considerations . 58K.3 Evaluation of broadband results 58K.4 Evaluation offrequencyselective results 59Bibliography !Annex L (informative)
29、FDD LTE measurements L.1 General L.2 Maximum LTE exposure L.2.1 Introduction L.2.2 Method using a dedicated decoder L.2.3 Method using a basic spectrum analyser L.3 Instantaneous LTE exposure measurements “.6060616264656161BS EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 (E) 5 FiguresFigure 1 Alternat
30、ive routes to determine in-situ the electromagnetic field for hu man exposure assessment 11Figure 2 Location of measurement points for spatial averaging 17Figure D.1 Spectral occupancy for GMSK. 29Figure D.2 Spectral occupancy forWCDMA . 30Figure F.1 Channel allocation 35Figure F.2 Decoder power ran
31、ge versus antenna factor and cable losses for satisfying selective measurement requirements . 37Figure G.1 Simulation arrangement 40Figure G.2 Bodyinfluence . 41Figure G.3 Simulation arrangement 42Figure H.1 Physical model of small-scale fading variations 43Figure H.2 Example of field strength varia
32、tions in line of sight of an antenna operating at 2,2 GHz. 43Figure H.3 Error at 95 % on average power estimation 45Figure H.4 343 measurement positions building a cube (centre) and different templates consisting of a different number of positions. 46Figure H.5 Moving a template (Line 3) through the
33、 CUBE 47Figure H.6 Standard deviations for GSM 900, DCS 1 800 and UMTS. 48Figure I.1 Time variation over 24 h of the exposure induced by GSM 1 800 MHz (left) and FM (right) 52Figure J.1 Example ofWiFi frames. 55Figure J.2 Channel occupation versus the integration time 55Figure J.3 Channel occupation
34、versus nominal throughput rate. 56Figure J.4 WiFi spectrumtrace snapshot 56!Figure L.1 LTE time-frequency planFigure L.2 Illustration of the boosting factor BF, specifi c to each network operatorFigure L.3 LTE spectrum: PBCH power higher than RS power“.606263BS EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 EN 50492:2008+A1
35、:2014 (E) 6 Tables Table 1 Quantities to measure at different distances from radio-stations. 13Table 2 Broadband measurement system requirements 15Table 3 Frequency selective measurement systems requirements 15Table 4 Uncertaintyassessment in controlled environment 20Table 5 Uncertaintyassessment in
36、-situ. 21Table A.1 Main services 23Table D.1 Example of spectrum analysersettings for an integration per service. 31Table F.1 WCDMA decoder requirements 36Table F.2 Signals configuration. 37Table F 3 WCDMA generator setting for power linearity . 38Table F.4 WCDMA generator setting for decodercalibra
37、tion 38Table F.5 WCDMA generator setting forreflection coefficient measurement . 39Table G.1 Maximum simulated error due to the influence of a human bodyon the measurement values of an omni-directional probe. 41Table G.2 Measured influence of a human body on omni-directional probe measurements 42Tab
38、le H.1 Uncertaintya 95 % for different fading models. 45Table H.2 Correlation coefficients for GSM 900 and DCS 1 800 47Table H.3 Variations of the standard deviations for the GSM 900, DCS 1 800 and UMTS frequencyband . 48Table H.4 Examples of total uncertainty calculation 49Table K.1 Example of a re
39、sults table for broadband measurements of the electric field strength at one measurement point including an evaluation of compliance with exposure limits 59Table K.2 Example of a results table for frequency selective measurements of the electric field strength at one measurement point including an e
40、valuation of compliance with exposure limits . 59!Table L.1 Theoretical extrapolation factor, nRS as function of the bandwidth, assuming all subcarriers are at the same power level “. 62BS EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 (E) 7 1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies in the vicinityof bas
41、e station as defined in 3.2 the measurement methods,the measurement systems and the post processing that shall be used to determine in-situ theelectromagnetic field for human exposure assessment in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 GHz.2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are ind
42、ispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.EN 50383, Basic standard for the calculation and measurement of electromagnetic field strength
43、 and SARrelated to human exposure from radio basestations and fixed terminal stations for wirelesstelecommunication systems (110 MHz - 40 GHz)EN 50400, Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunicati
44、on network s with the basic restrictions orthe reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1antennadevice that serves as a tr
45、ansducer between a guided wave (e.g. coaxial cable) and a free s pace wave, orvice versa. In the present standard, if not mentioned, the term antenna is used only for emitting antenna(s)3.2base station (BS)fixed equipment for radio transmission intended for use in wireless telecommunications network
46、s,such asthose used in cellular communication, Wireless Local Area Networks, point-to-point communication and point-to-multipoint communication according to ITU-R Recommendation F.592-3. Point to point and point tomulti point communicationequipment listed in “The European table of frequency allocati
47、ons and utilisationscovering the frequency range 9 kHz to 275 GHz” (ERC report 25) (see example in Annex A) are considered.For the purpose of this standard, the term “base station” includes the radio station and the antenna3.3average (temporal) power (P avg) the time-averaged rate of energytransfer
48、defined by:P avg_= 1t2 t 1P ( t ) dtt 1t 2where t 1 and t 2 are the start and stop time of the measurement. The period t 2 - t1 is the exposure duration time3.4averaging time (t avg) appropriate time over which exposure is averaged for purposes of determining compliance with the limitsBS EN 50492:20
49、08+A1:2014 EN 50492:2008+A1:2014 (E) 8 3.5electric field strength ( E ) magnitude of a field vector at a point that represents the for ce (F ) on a small test charge ( q ) divided by the chargeqFE rr =The electric field strength is expressed in units of volt per metre (V/m)3.6intrinsic impedanceratio of the electric field strength to the magnetic field strength of a propagating electromagnetic wave. Theintrinsic impedance of a plane wave in free spa
