1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012Protection against lightning Thunderstorm warning systemsIncorporating corrigendum June 2011BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012National forewordThis British Standard
2、 is the UK implementation of EN 50536:2011+A1:2012, incorporating corrigendum June 2011. It supersedes BS EN 50536:2011, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CENELEC corrigendum June 2011 is indicated i
3、n the text by .The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is the number of the CENELEC amendment. For example, text altered by CENELEC amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/81, Protection against lightnin
4、g.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Sta
5、ndards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 78808 6 ICS 07.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicati
6、onDate Text affected31 July 2011 Implementation of CENELEC corrigendum June 201128 February 2013 Implementation of CENELEC amendment A1:2012BRITISH STANDARDindicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CENELEC text carry EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50536:2011+A1NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM C
7、ENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved world
8、wide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 50536:2011 E ICS 07.060 English version Protection against lightning - Thunderstorm warning systems Protection contre la foudre - Dispositif de dtection dorage Blitzschutz - Gewitterwarnsysteme This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-02-14. CENELE
9、C members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on app
10、lication to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secreta
11、riat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
12、ta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Incorporating corrigendum June 2011October 2012 - 2 - Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 81X, Lightning protection. The text
13、of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50536 on 2011-02-14. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pat
14、ent rights. The following dates are proposed: latest date by which the amendment has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-02-14 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the amendment have to be withdrawn
15、 (dow) 2014-02-14 Foreword to amendment A1 This document (EN 50536:2011/A1:2012) has been prepared by CLC/TC 81X “Lightning protection“. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by en
16、dorsement (dop) 2013-09-19 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2015-09-19 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held respo
17、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 (E)- 3 - Contents Introduction - 6 -1 General - 7 -1.1 Object - 7 -1.2 Scope . - 7 -2 Normative references - 8 -3 Terms and definitions . - 8 -4 Thunderstorm phases and detectable phenomena for alarm
18、ing . - 11 -4.1 Introduction - 11 -4.2 Phase 1 Initial phase (Cumulus stage) . - 11 -4.3 Phase 2 Growth phase . - 12 -4.4 Phase 3 Mature phase . - 12 -4.5 Phase 4 Dissipation phase . - 12 -5 Classification of thunderstorm detection devices and their properties - 12 -6 Alarm method . - 14 -6.1 Genera
19、l - 14 -6.2 Areas . - 14 -6.3 Alarm triggering . - 15 -6.4 Alarm information delivery . - 17 -7 Installation and maintenance . - 17 -8 Alarm evaluation - 17 -8.1 General - 17 -8.2 Evaluation of systems by using lightning location data . - 19 -8.3 Fine tuning of TWS by processing archived data - 19 -
20、9 Thunderstorms Warning Systems application guide - 20 -9.1 General - 20 -9.2 Procedure - 20 -Annex A (informative) Overview of the lightning phenomena - 23 -A.1 Origin of thunderclouds and electrification - 23 -A.2 Lightning phenomena - 24 -A.3 Electrical thunderstorm and lightning characteristics
21、useful for prevention . - 25 -Annex B (informative) Thunderstorm detection techniques . - 27 -B.1 Introduction - 27 -B.2 Detection techniques and parameters to qualify a sensor - 27 -B.3 Location techniques . - 28 -B.4 Thunderstorm detectors evaluation . - 30 -B.5 Choosing a thunderstorm detection s
22、ystem - 30 -Annex C (informative) Thunderstorms Warning Systems application examples . - 31 -C.1 Example n 1 TELECOMUNICATION TOWER . - 31 -C.2 Example n 2 GOLF COURSE . - 33 -C.3 Example n 3 WIND TURBINE FARM (including its maintenance) . - 35 -Annex D (informative) Catalogue of possible recommende
23、d preventive actions to be taken . - 38 -Annex E (informative) Example of TWS evaluation on a wind turbine site - 41 -Bibliography . - 43 -BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 (E)- 4 - Figures Figure 1 Examples of different target shapes . - 14 -Figure 2 Example of the distribution of the
24、coverage area (CA), the monitoring area (MA) and the target area . - 15 -Figure 3 Example of an alarm. a) Locations of the lightning related events (LRE) in the defined areas (coverage area CA, monitoring area MA, surrounding area SA, and target ); b) temporal occurrence of the lightning related eve
25、nts (LRE); and c) timing of the alarm according to the occurrence of the lightning related events (LRE) in the defined areas. Note: surrounding area used in this figure is defined in 8.2) - 16 -Figure 4 Introduction of the surrounding area (SA) for evaluation purposes - 19 -Figure A.1 Adapted from K
26、rehbiel (1986) . - 23 -Figure A.2 Standard lightning classifications - 24 -Figure D.1 Possible preventive steps . - 40 -Figure E.1 CG lightning activity around the wind turbine for a period of eight years (a total of 2 480 strokes were reported) - 41 -Tables Table 1 Lightning detector properties . -
27、 13 -Table 2 Contingency table - 18 -Table 3 Identification of hazardous situations. - 21 -Table 4 Loss concerning people . - 21 -Table 5 Loss concerning goods - 21 -Table 6 Loss concerning services - 22 -Table 7 Loss concerning environment - 22 -Table 8 Risk control - 22 -Table C.1 Identification o
28、f hazardous situations . - 31 -Table C.2 Loss concerning people . - 32 -Table C.3 Loss concerning goods - 32 -Table C.4 Loss concerning services . - 32 -Table C.5 Loss concerning environment - 32 -Table C.6 Risk control . - 33 -Table C.7 Identification of hazardous situations . - 33 -Table C.8 Loss
29、concerning people . - 34 -Table C.9 Loss concerning goods - 34 -Table C.10 Loss concerning services . - 34 -Table C.11 Loss concerning environment - 34 -Table C.12 Risk control. - 35 -Table C.13 Identification of hazardous situations . - 35 -Table C.14 Loss concerning people . - 36 -Table C.15 Loss
30、concerning goods - 36 -Table C.16 Loss concerning services . - 36 -Table C.17 Loss concerning environment - 36 -Table C.18 Risk control. - 37 -Table D.1 Possible preventive steps - 39 -BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 (E)- 5 - Table E.1 Results of TWS evaluation based on archived light
31、ning date for an 8-year period (2000 to 2007), when some of the key parameters (size of MA, trigger parameters and dwell time) were varied - 42 -BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 (E)- 6 - Introduction Natural atmospheric electric activity and in particular cloud-to-ground lightning pose
32、s a serious threat to living beings and property. Every year severe injuries and even deaths of humans are caused as a direct or indirect result of lightning: sport, cultural and political events attracting large concentrations of people may have to be suspended and evacuated in the case of a risk o
33、f thunderstorm; power outages and unplanned interruptions of production processes; the wider use of electrical components that are sensitive to the effects of lightning (in industry, transportation and communication) has led to a steady increase in the number of accidents per year. In order to reduc
34、e this number of accidents and important material losses, it may be necessary in some circumstances, to disconnect certain equipment from any incoming installations; thunderstorms could interrupt all kinds of traffic (people, energy, information, etc.); activities with an environmental risk, for exa
35、mple: handling of sensitive, inflammable, explosive or chemical products. Lightning is also one of the causes of fires. During the last decades, technical systems and systems devoted to real-time monitoring of natural atmospheric electric activity and lightning have experienced an extraordinary deve
36、lopment. These systems can provide high quality and valuable information in real-time of the thunderstorm occurrence, making it possible to achieve information which can be extremely valuable if coordinated with a detailed plan of action. Although this information allows the user to adopt anticipate
37、d temporary preventive measures, it should be noted, however, that all the measures to be taken based on monitoring information are the responsibility of the system user according to the relevant regulations. The effectiveness will depend largely on the risk situation involved and the planned decisi
38、ons to be taken. This document shows a list of possible actions that is, however, merely of an informative nature. It should be pointed out that lightning and thunderstorms, as any natural phenomenon, are subject to statistical uncertainty. This means that it is not possible to achieve 100 % precise
39、 information on when and where lightning will strike. Standards dealing with lightning protection methods to limit lightning damages already exist. They do not cover other potentially dangerous situations related to thunderstorms and lightning, that can be dynamically prevented or reduced by tempora
40、ry measures whose origin is a preventive alert provided by a detection system. BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 (E)- 7 - 1 General 1.1 Object This European Standard provides information on the characteristics of thunderstorm warning systems and information for the evaluation of the of
41、lightning real time data and/or storm electrification data in order to implement lightning hazard preventive measures. 1.2 Scope This European Standard provides the basic requirements of sensors and networks collecting accurate data of the relevant parameters informing in real-time about lightning t
42、racking and range. It describes the application of the data collected by these sensors and networks in the form of warnings and historical data. This European Standard applies to the use of information from thunderstorm warning systems (which are systems or equipment which provide real-time informat
43、ion) on atmospheric electrical activity in order to monitor for preventive means. The scope of this document is providing: a general description of the available lightning and storm electrification hazard warning systems; a classification of thunderstorm detection devices and properties; guidelines
44、for alarming methods; a procedure to determine the thunderstorm information some examples of possible preventive actions (only for information). A non-exhaustive list of activities to which this European Standard might apply is given below: people in open areas: maintenance people, labour, sports or
45、 other open-air activities, competitions, crowded events, agricultural activities, farms and fisheries; wind farms, larger solar power systems, power lines, etc.; occupational health and safety prevention; safeguard sensitive equipment: computer systems, electric or electronic systems, emergency sys
46、tems, alarms and safety; prevention of losses in operations and industrial processes; prevention of serious accidents involving dangerous substances (e.g. flammable, radioactive, toxic, and explosive); prevention in determined environments or activities with special danger of electrostatic discharge
47、s (e.g. space and flight vehicle operations); operations in which the continuity of the basic services is needed to be guaranteed (e.g. telecommunications, the generation, transport and distribution of energy, sanitary services and emergency services); infrastructures: ports, airports, railroads, mo
48、torways and cableways; civil defence of the environment: forest fires, land slide and floods; managing traffic (e.g. airplanes) or wide networks (e.g. power lines, telecommunication lines) may also benefits from having early detection of thunderstorms. ! “usefulness! “usefulness;BS EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 EN 50536:2011+A1:2012 (E)- 8 - The following aspects are outside of this European Standard: a) lightning protection which is covered in their corresponding European standards and regulations; b) other thunder
